Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 178 in total

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  1. Panos Institute
    WorldAIDS, 1991 Nov.
    PMID: 12285096
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome*
  2. World AIDS Day Newsl, 1994;?(2):3.
    PMID: 12287964
    PIP: Five positive and negative experiences of families dealing with AIDS are recounted. Imrat in Malaysia is an HIV-infected son who was not rejected by his family. Prudence of Botswana is an infected widow with five children who had a less positive experience with her in-laws, while Eric of Sweden considers his friends to constitute his family. His relationships with friends have only strengthened since his HIV-positive status became known. Mary of Zimbabwe, however, was infected with HIV by her husband. She was formerly angry at him for having brought home the virus, but they have since stop quarreling and are focusing upon building a stronger relationship. Finally, the brief story of Juan in Colombia is told. Thirty-two years old, married, and with a 17-month old daughter, Juan did not tell his wife that he was actively bisexual. Once infected with HIV, Juan's wife threw him out, more because he had sex with men than because of his HIV serostatus.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome*
  3. Chong S
    Venereology, 1995 Aug;8(3):149-52.
    PMID: 12290782
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome*
  4. Lu TS, Holmes A, Noone C, Flaherty GT
    Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines, 2020 Nov 27;6(1):24.
    PMID: 33292661 DOI: 10.1186/s40794-020-00124-0
    BACKGROUND: Sex tourism is defined as travel planned specifically for the purpose of sex, generally to a country where prostitution is legal. While much of the literature on sex tourism relates to the commercial sex worker industry, sex tourism also finds expression in non-transactional sexual encounters. This narrative review explores current concepts related to travel and sex, with a focus on trans-national sex tourism.

    METHODS: The PubMed database was accessed to source relevant literature, using combinations of pertinent search terms. Only articles published in the English language were selected. Reference lists of published articles were also examined for relevant articles.

    RESULTS: With regard to preferred destinations, South/Central America and the Caribbean were more likely to receive tourists looking for casual sex. Longer duration of travel, travelling alone or with friends, alcohol or drug use, being younger and being single were factors associated with higher levels of casual sex overseas. The majority of literature retrieved on sex workers focused on risk behaviours, sexually transmitted infections (STI), mobility of sex workers and how these factors affected their lives. Sex tourists require better access to effective methods of preventing HIV, such as pre-exposure prophylaxis, and better education on HIV prevention. Drugs and alcohol play a major role as risk factors for and cofactors in casual sexual behaviour while abroad.

    CONCLUSIONS: Travellers need to be informed of the increased risks of STI before travel. They should be aware of the local prevalence of STIs and the risks associated with their sexual practices when they travel, including engaging with commercial sex workers, having unprotected sexual intercourse and becoming victims of sexual violence.

    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
  5. Noratikah AH, Ajura AJ, Lau SH
    Trop Biomed, 2018 Dec 01;35(4):1041-1048.
    PMID: 33601851
    Histoplasmosis is a systemic fungal infection caused by inhalation of Histoplasma capsulatum, which is mainly found in bird and bat droppings. Oral manifestation of histoplasmosis may be the only initial manifestation of the disease or associated with chronic disseminated histoplasmosis. The first review of oral histoplasmosis among Malaysian population from 1967 to 1994 (27 years) revealed the occurrence of 37 cases, reported by Ng and Siar in 1996. This current study is the updated overview of oral histoplasmosis cases in Malaysia. The objective of the study was to review and describe clinical and demographic profile of oral histoplasmosis in Malaysia and to correlate histopathological features of oral histoplasmosis with patient's immunity status. We reviewed oral histoplasmosis cases diagnosed in Stomatology Unit, Institute for Medical Research (IMR), Kuala Lumpur from 1995 until 2016. The data was retrieved from the Oral Pathology Information system (OPIS) Stomatology Unit, IMR, which is the largest oral pathology database in Malaysia. Information regarding patients' sociodemographic data, medical illness, clinical presentation, histopathological features, and referring healthcare institutions was extracted from the clinical information which accompanied the biopsy request form. A total of 39 cases of oral histoplasmosis were identified from 1995-2016. Majority of them were male (89.7%). The age ranges from 29 to 85 years with mean age of 57.8 years. Almost half of them were Malays (51.3%), followed by Chinese (33.3%), Indians (7.7%), and other races (7.7%). The most common sites of oral histoplasmosis were tongue, gingiva, palate, and alveolar ridge. The main clinical presentation was ulcer (61.5%) whereas 38.5% presented clinically as swelling. 17.9% of patients were seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 12.8% had tuberculosis, 10.3% had diabetes mellitus, and 2.6% with hepatitis C. The incidence of oral histoplasmosis should raise suspicion of hidden immunodepression and may be the first manifestation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Early recognition and diagnosis is crucial to reduce risk of morbidity and mortality.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
  6. Choi BC
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2004 Nov 19;4:989-1006.
    PMID: 15578123
    This was an international study of women's health issues, based on an Official Study Tour in Southeast Asia (the Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia, Hong Kong, and Singapore) and Canada. The objectives of the study were to identify and compare current gaps in surveillance, research, and programs and policies, and to predict trends of women's health issues in developing countries based on the experience of developed countries. Key informant interviews (senior government officials, university researchers, and local experts), self-administered questionnaires, courtesy calls, and literature searches were used to collect data. The participating countries identified women's health as an important issue, especially for reproductive health (developing countries) and senior's health (developed countries). Cancer, lack of physical activity, high blood pressure, diabetes, poverty, social support, caring role for family, and informing, educating, and empowering people about women's health issues were the main concerns. Based on this study, 17 recommendations were made on surveillance, research, and programs and policies. A number of forthcoming changes in women''s health patterns in developing countries were also predicted.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology
  7. Jamaiah I, Rohela M, Tok EL, Tan CL, Tan WH, Teo WS, et al.
    PMID: 23077803
    This retrospective study was conducted among 59 HIV/AIDS patients with opportunistic infections admitted to the University Malaya Medical Centre between 2000 and 2009. Fifty-five point nine percent of cases were Chinese, 25.4% were Malays, 11.9% were Indians and 6.8% were of unknown ethnic origin. The male:female ratio was 2.9:1 (44 males and 15 females). The highest prevalence (38.9%) occurred in the 30-39 year old age group. Men comprised 47.7% and women 53.3%; the majority of both were married. The majority of cases were Malaysians (89.8%) and the rest (10.2%) were immigrants. Most of the patients (18.6%) were non-laborers, followed by laborers (11.9%), the unemployed (5.1%) and housewives (3.4%). The most common risk factor was unprotected sexual activity (20.3%). The two most common HIV/AIDS related opportunistic infections were Pneumocystis carinii (jirovecii) pneumonia (PCP) (62.7%) and toxoplasmosis (28.8%). Seventy-two point nine percent of patients had a CD4 count <200 cells/microl and 5.1% had a CD4 count >500 cells/microl. Eleven point nine percent of cases died during study period. A low CD4 count had a greater association with opportunistic infections. Most of the patients presented with fever (44.1%), cough (42.4%) and shortness of breath (28.8%). Detection of the etiologic pathogens aids clinicians in choosing appropriate management strategies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology
  8. Naing CM, Hakim M, Yee DA, Mun KR, Yung TC, Jian KK, et al.
    PMID: 21073071
    This study aimed to assess knowledge of and attitudes toward HIV/AIDS among a community in a semi-urban setting in Malaysia, to determine factors affecting perceptions toward people living with HIV in the community, and to provide baseline information for planning preventive measures against HIV/AIDS. This cross-sectional study was conducted in August 2009. Two hundred sixty-two household members were interviewed with a semi-structured questionnaire. Most respondents (232; 88.5%) had heard of HIV/AIDS. Only a few respondents (6; 2.6%) could correctly answer all the questionnaire items. Misconceptions about disease transmission were seen among surveyed participants, such as the belief HIV/AIDS can be contracted from saliva (104; 44.8%), mosquito bites (95; 40.9%) or casual touch (86; 37.1%). A multivariate linear regression model showed better perceptions towards people living with HIV depend on an improved knowledge of HIV/AIDS transmission. Current data emphasize the need to scale up HIV/AIDS education incorporating the mode of disease transmission.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/psychology
  9. Nissapatorn V, Lee CK, Cho SM, Rohela M, Anuar AK, Quek KF, et al.
    PMID: 19238664
    Three hundred and one sera of HIV/AIDS patients were tested for anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibody by ELISA technique. The seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis was 41.2% (95% CI: 35.5-46.9) in HIV/AIDS patients. The seroprevalence was significantly higher in the Malay (57.9%) than the Chinese (38.7%), followed by the Indian patients (29.6%) (p<0.05). No possible risk factor, such as contact with cats, consumption of uncooked meat, and history of blood transfusions was found to have any significant association with the presence of anti-Toxoplasma antibody in the study sample (p>0.05). Multivariate analysis was employed to find any association between Toxoplasma seroprevalence and a single subject having single or multiple risk factors. It was found that the association was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Among the HIV/AIDS study samples, 124 (41.2%) samples were found to have positive anti-Toxoplasma antibody, the association between the presence of anti-Toxoplasma antibody and CD4 cell count was determined but no statistically significant association was found (p>0.05). During the study period, only one case of active CNS toxoplasmosis was registered and the diagnostic criteria included: clinical presentations, CT scan finding, serological evidence of anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibody, and respose to anti-Toxoplasma therapy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications*
  10. Koh KC
    Med J Malaysia, 2014 Aug;69 Suppl A:68-81.
    PMID: 25417954 MyJurnal
    Two hundred fifty seven articles related to HIV/AIDS were found in a search through a database dedicated to indexing all original data relevant to medicine published in Malaysia between the years 2000-2013. One hundred seventy one articles were selected and reviewed on the basis of clinical relevance and future research implications. This review of literature has been divided into six sections, namely, epidemiology, risk behaviour, clinical features and opportunistic infections, management, diagnosis and discussion. Wherever possible, the reviewed articles have been presented in a chronological order to provide a historical perspective to the reader as many of the results of earlier publications, which are common knowledge now, were relatively unknown then. Since the early days of the HIV epidemic in Malaysia, there have been rapid advances in the understanding and the management of the epidemic in Malaysia based on the insights derived from the results of these research. These insights are invaluable tools for policy makers, advocators, healthcare providers, researchers and everyone and anyone who are involved in the care of individuals with HIV/AIDS. Attempts have been made to identify gaps in certain research areas with the hope of providing directions for future research in HIV/AIDS in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
  11. Jahanfar S, Lim AW, Loh MA, Yeoh AG, Charles A
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Oct;63(4):288-92.
    PMID: 19385486 MyJurnal
    Malaysia is confronted with an increasing incidence of HIV and AIDS among adolescents and young adults. The effectiveness of various programs offered to school going teenagers is unknown. The objective of this study is to measure the effectiveness of two hours talk on sex education offered by a non governmental organization (NGO) in improving youngsters' knowledge and perception towards HIV and AIDS. A cross sectional study was conducted among the adolescent students from a secondary school in Ipoh, Perak, a province of Malaysia. A total of 182 students participated in the study. A standard questionnaire consisting of demographic data, knowledge and perception towards HIV/ADIS were distributed before (pre-test) and after the intervention (post-test). Performance of participants was compared to establish the effectiveness of the intervention. Our findings suggests that there was a significant increase in participants' knowledge and perception after the intervention (p = 0.000). Knowledge improvement was found in both genders however, improvement in perception was higher among female students. Interestingly, 80% of participants disagree that sexual education will encourage sex among youngsters. NGOs are playing a supplementary role in providing sex education programs in schools. This program although of short duration but it is effective in enhancing adolescence awareness about HIV/AIDS.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/prevention & control*
  12. Ong HC, Soo KL
    Med J Malaysia, 2006 Dec;61(5):616-20.
    PMID: 17623964 MyJurnal
    It has been almost two decades ago since the first AIDS case was reported in Malaysia. It has also been approximately eight years ago when the method of backcalculation was used to estimate the past HIV infection rate from the AIDS incidence data and an estimate of the incubation period distribution. This method is used because it makes use of the Malaysian AIDS incidence which is fairly reliable and reflects the trend of the epidemic as compared to the HIV infection rate recorded. The latest results generated show a slowdown in the increase of the number of estimated infected HIV+ cases in the late 1990s and this trend is supported by a slowdown in the increase of the number of AIDS cases recorded.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology
  13. Chew BH, Cheong AT
    Med J Malaysia, 2013;68(1):24-9.
    PMID: 23466762 MyJurnal
    OBJECTIVE: Medical students are future doctors who are trained to treat all kind of diseases including people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) without prejudice. This study was to determine the factors associated with knowledge on HIV/AIDS and stigma towards PLWHA among medical students.
    METHODS: This was a cross sectional study with stratified random sampling conducted in a public university, Malaysia. The participants were preclinical-year (year 1 and year 2) and clinical-year (year 3 and year 4) medical students. Simple randomisation was carried out after stratification of medical students into preclinical and clinical-year. The self-administered questionnaires were consisted of socio-demographic data, items assessing HIV/AIDS knowledge and items assessing stigmatisation attitudes towards PLWHA.
    RESULTS: We had 100% response rate of 340 participants. Pre-clinical and clinical year medical students each contributed 170 (50%). Majority was female (64.1%). About two-thirds (60.6%) was Malay, followed by Chinese (31.2%) and Indian (7.1%). Pre-clinical students were significantly more stigmatizing in subscale of "attitudes towards imposed measures" (t=3.917, p<0.001), even with adjustment for previous encounter and ethnicity (B= 1.2, 95% CI 0.48 to 1.83, p=0.001). On the other hand, clinical students were found to be significantly less comfortable in handling HIV/AIDS cases (t=0.039, p=0.039), even after controlled for previous encounter and ethnicity (B=0.6, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.98, p< 0.001).
    CONCLUSION: Clinical encounter with PLWHA was associated with higher knowledge in HIV/AIDS. Medical students in preclinical years were having stigmatizing attitude towards imposed measures compared to the clinical years who had more stigmatizing attitude in being less comfortable with PLWHA.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome*
  14. Yasmin AM
    Med J Malaysia, 1997 Dec;52(4):311-2.
    PMID: 10968105
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology
  15. Rokiah I
    Med J Malaysia, 1995 May;50 Suppl A:S42-5.
    PMID: 10968014
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis*; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/therapy*
  16. Rokiah I, Ng KP, Soo-Hoo TS
    Med J Malaysia, 1995 Mar;50(1):101-4.
    PMID: 7752960
    We report a 39-year-old male who presented with tuberculous meningitis and was found also to be HIV-infected. In the course of his illness, he developed multiple opportunistic infections such as herpes genitalis, oesophageal candidiasis, CMV retinitis and finally succumbed to Penicillium marneffei septicaemia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications*; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology
  17. Lee JK
    Med J Malaysia, 1993 Mar;48(1):93-4.
    PMID: 8341180
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis
  18. Maniam T, Abu Bakar AK
    Med J Malaysia, 1988 Jun;43(2):166-9.
    PMID: 3237133
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications*; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis
  19. Goh KL, Chua CT, Chiew IS, Soo-Hoo TS
    Med J Malaysia, 1987 Mar;42(1):58-60.
    PMID: 3501533
    The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) requires no further introduction. Since 1981, when the AIDS was first recognized in the United States, much interest, anxiety and fear have been generated among people all over the world. It has spread inexorably in the United States, Europe and Africa such that the World Health Organization has warned of the beginning of a worldwide epidemic of AIDS. Asia has been relatively spared; nonetheless cases have been reported from Thailand, India, Taiwan, China and Japan.' Malaysia has anticipated the appearance of the disease; an AI DS task force under the auspices of the Ministry of Health was established in early 1986. However, it is only a year later that we now report the first case of AIDS in this country.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis*
  20. Dore GJ, Kaldor JM, Ungchusak K, Mertens TE
    Med J Aust, 1996 Nov 4;165(9):494-8.
    PMID: 8937371
    The incidence of new HIV infections in Asia and the Pacific will soon pass that in Africa and is projected to increase into the next century. The AIDS epidemic arising from these infections will have enormous consequences for the health and socioeconomic development of a region encompassing more than half the world's population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology*; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/transmission*
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