Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 178 in total

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  1. Earnshaw VA, Cox J, Wong PL, Saifi R, Walters S, Azwa I, et al.
    AIDS Behav, 2023 Jul;27(7):2103-2112.
    PMID: 36472685 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-022-03942-9
    Stigma in healthcare settings is a pernicious barrier to HIV prevention and treatment in contexts with strong HIV-related structural stigma. Previous work has documented substantial stigma towards key populations and people living with HIV (PLWH) among Malaysian doctors. The perspectives of Malaysian key populations and PLWH, however, remain understudied. In 2021, 34 Malaysian participants representing key populations and PLWH engaged in a photovoice study designed to qualitatively explore their experiences with and hopes for doctor interactions. Many participants reported stigma from their doctors, perceiving that doctors view them as not normal, sinful, misguided, and incapable. Several emphasized that they wear figurative masks to conceal aspects of themselves from doctors. Yet, many also remain hopeful for constructive relationships with doctors. They want their doctors to know that they are bright, capable, kind, and valuable. Interventions are needed to address stigma among doctors working in contexts with strong structural stigma.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome*
  2. Pozniak A, Bekker LG, Kamarulzaman A, Gandhi M, Horton R, Das P, et al.
    Lancet, 2020 05 23;395(10237):1598-1599.
    PMID: 32359401 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31026-6
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome*
  3. Ali SA, Teow SY, Omar TC, Khoo AS, Choon TS, Yusoff NM
    PLoS One, 2016;11(1):e0145986.
    PMID: 26741963 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145986
    There remains a need for newer therapeutic approaches to combat HIV/AIDS. Viral capsid protein p24 plays important roles in HIV pathogenesis. Peptides and small molecule inhibitors targeting p24 have shown to inhibit virus replication in treated cell. High specificity and biological stability of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) make them an attractive contender for in vivo treatments. However, mAbs do not enter into cells, thus are restricted to target surface molecules. This also makes targeting intracellular HIV-1 p24 a challenge. A mAb specific to p24 that can internalize into the HIV-infected cells is hypothesized to inhibit the virus replication. We selected a mAb that has previously shown to inhibit p24 polymerization in an in vitro assay and chemically conjugated it with cell penetrating peptides (CPP) to generate cell internalizing anti-p24 mAbs. Out of 8 CPPs tested, κFGF-MTS -conjugated mAbs internalized T cells most efficiently. At nontoxic concentration, the κFGF-MTS-anti-p24-mAbs reduced the HIV-1 replication up to 73 and 49% in T-lymphocyte and PBMCs respectively. Marked inhibition of HIV-1 replication in relevant cells by κFGF-MTS-anti-p24-mAbs represents a viable strategy to target HIV proteins present inside the cells.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
  4. Apenteng OO, Ismail NA
    PLoS One, 2015;10(7):e0131950.
    PMID: 26147199 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131950
    The spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and the resulting acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a major health concern in many parts of the world, and mathematical models are commonly applied to understand the spread of the HIV epidemic. To understand the spread of HIV and AIDS cases and their parameters in a given population, it is necessary to develop a theoretical framework that takes into account realistic factors. The current study used this framework to assess the interaction between individuals who developed AIDS after HIV infection and individuals who did not develop AIDS after HIV infection (pre-AIDS). We first investigated how probabilistic parameters affect the model in terms of the HIV and AIDS population over a period of time. We observed that there is a critical threshold parameter, R0, which determines the behavior of the model. If R0 ≤ 1, there is a unique disease-free equilibrium; if R0 < 1, the disease dies out; and if R0 > 1, the disease-free equilibrium is unstable. We also show how a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach could be used as a supplement to forecast the numbers of reported HIV and AIDS cases. An approach using a Monte Carlo analysis is illustrated to understand the impact of model-based predictions in light of uncertain parameters on the spread of HIV. Finally, to examine this framework and demonstrate how it works, a case study was performed of reported HIV and AIDS cases from an annual data set in Malaysia, and then we compared how these approaches complement each other. We conclude that HIV disease in Malaysia shows epidemic behavior, especially in the context of understanding and predicting emerging cases of HIV and AIDS.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology*
  5. Anita S, Khalijah MY, Mahanim MY, Abd Rashid K, Rahimah MA, Ahmad Razin AM, et al.
    MyJurnal
    HIV/AIDS is a global issue and the fourth biggest killer worldwide. Report from Ministry Of Health Malaysia showed factory workers are among the social group that are mostly infected (10.4%). A cross~sectional study was carried out to determine the socio-demographic factor and its relationship with knowledge, attitude and HIV-related risk behavior among factory workers in Selangor, Negeri Sembilan and MaIacca. This study involved 3300 factory workers selected randomly and were given self-guided questionnaire. With response rate about 95.4% (3148), the level of knowledge was high (97.3%) and the attitude was positive (81 %). However there was still an amount of fear towards HIV/AlDS patient. Logistic regression showed significant difference (p<0.05) between level of knowledge and ethnic group, income and level of education and between attitude and income and level of knowledge. About 27.7% of respondents smoked cigarette. 4.2% involved with drugs of which 0.7% administered intravenously, 2.3% were homosexuals, 2.5% were bisexuals and 3.1% were hererosexuals. HIV/AIDS prevention and control intervention should take into consideration the local socio-cultural factors and commitment from the top level management in the factory·
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
  6. Hamidah Othman, Noor Azizah Mohd Ali
    MyJurnal
    HIV/AIDS is a matter of concern and has become a pandemic disease that threatens the world population. It
    has remained one of the priorities in global public health challenges. Caring for people with HIV/AIDS
    requires clinical expertise as well as high-quality skills for health care providers. The purpose of the study was
    to examine knowledge and attitude on HIV/AIDS patients among nursing students. A cross-sectional study
    was conducted in Public University at Wast Cost Malaysia. The 126 respondents of nursing students agreed to
    participate in the study using a self-administered questionnaire that was designed and modied after reading
    and referring to articles, books, and journals. The results of the research revealed that nursing students, in
    general, have a satisfactory knowledge (mean score 30.71), but had a moderate attitude toward HIV/AIDS
    patient with total mean score 2.34. Most of the students (89.3%) get the knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS
    through the internet. The majority of the students knew that blood transfusion (99.4%) and sharing
    needles/syringe (99%) were the higher sources HIV/AIDS modes of transmission. Most of the students agreed
    that peoples with HIV/AIDS should be treated in society with support from the community (97.0%). Although
    the knowledge level of nursing students seems to be satisfactory, but they still showed the moderate attitude
    towards HIV/AIDS patients. Thus, structured education programmes should be conducted by nursing faculty
    to ensure that nursing students gain the necessary accurate knowledge and an appropriate attitude towards the
    care of HIV/AIDS patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
  7. Azlina Ibrahim, Alvin Oliver Payus
    MyJurnal
    Hepatic involvement in extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is rare, even in the endemic area. It has a high mortality rate as it can easily be misdiagnosed due to its rarity and non-specific presentations, and the treatment can be challenging for its hepatotoxic side-effect. A 55-year old man who was newly diagnosed with AIDS and pulmonary TB which complicated with anti-TB-induced transaminitis, presented with a few weeks history of fever and persistent diarrhoea. It was initially treated as microsporidia infection but the symptoms persisted despite given antiparasitic agent for more than a week. He was subjected to computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen and noted multiple hypoechoic lesion at multiple segments of the liver, which later confirmed to be liver TB by liver biopsy. As he could not tolerate Akurit-4 (Rifampicin 150 mg, Isoniazid 75 mg, Pyrazinamide 400 mg and Ethambutol 275 mg), the second-line treatment was given instead. He is currently well on regular clinic appointment. The objective of this case report is to share the rare occurrence of hepatic TB and the difficulty to treat it as the hepatotoxic effect of anti-TB medications complicate the liver damage due to the infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
  8. Nor Ezzati Nor Albashri, Noor Fadzilah Zulkifli, Asral Wirda Ahmad Asnawi, Zetty Nadia Mohd Zain, Rashidah Mohamed, Sathar, Jameela, et al.
    MyJurnal
    Thalassaemia is one of the most common autosomal recessive blood disorders in the world and its carrier status is prevalent in nearly 15% of Malaysian population. The global and economic burden for lifelong care of those affected increases every year. Currently, there is no policy on thalassaemia-carrier screening for couples prior to marriage besides HIV/AIDS screening in Malaysia. Other countries such as Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Bahrain and Saudi Arabia have established a policy for thalassaemia prevention by conducting premarital thalassaemia screening. Zero thalassaemia cases in new-born child in Cyprus have proven that thalassaemia can be prevented. This study aimed to investigate the willingness of premarital Malays on premarital thalassaemia screening.

    A set of questionnaire was distributed to 57 persons at premarital course sites and wedding fairs and expositions held in Kuala Lumpur and Selangor. Components in the questionnaire included: 1) demographic 2) knowledge about thalassaemia, signs and screening method 3) attitudes towards thalassaemia premarital screening 4) practices of premarital thalassaemia screening. Analysis for the questionnaire was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
  9. Jahanfar S, Lye MS, Rampal L
    Singapore Med J, 2009 Feb;50(2):173-80.
    PMID: 19296033
    INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of university students regarding acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
    METHODS: A randomised controlled trial of 530 university students was done using peer-adult facilitators. Participants completed a questionnaire before and after the intervention, which was a four-hour group session. A prevention programme was developed by local experts, health educators and peer facilitators. The peer-adult-led programme was designed to provide a conceptual model of HIV risk reduction through information, motivational and behavioural skills, a harm reduction module and health promotion theme.
    RESULTS: The main outcome measured was the level of knowledge, attitudes and behaviour scores. The results suggest that relative to the control group, participants in the intervention group had higher levels of knowledge (30.37 vs. 25.40; p-value is 0.001) and a better attitude (12.27 vs. 10.84; p-value is 0.001). However, there was no difference in the behavioural score (9.47 vs. 9.41; p-value is 0.530). The correlation between the level of knowledge and age and the level of education was found in the intervention group, but not in the control group (p-value is 0.01). Attitude and gender were found to be correlated in the intervention group only (p-value is 0.01).
    CONCLUSION: Our programme was successful in increasing knowledge and improving attitudes towards AIDS and HIV. However, it did not improve risk-taking behaviour. Peer-adult-led educational programmes for youth using various interactional activities, such as small group discussions, poster activity and empathy exercises, can be successful in changing the prevailing youth perceptions of AIDS and HIV.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/prevention & control*
  10. Koh KC
    Med J Malaysia, 2014 Aug;69 Suppl A:68-81.
    PMID: 25417954 MyJurnal
    Two hundred fifty seven articles related to HIV/AIDS were found in a search through a database dedicated to indexing all original data relevant to medicine published in Malaysia between the years 2000-2013. One hundred seventy one articles were selected and reviewed on the basis of clinical relevance and future research implications. This review of literature has been divided into six sections, namely, epidemiology, risk behaviour, clinical features and opportunistic infections, management, diagnosis and discussion. Wherever possible, the reviewed articles have been presented in a chronological order to provide a historical perspective to the reader as many of the results of earlier publications, which are common knowledge now, were relatively unknown then. Since the early days of the HIV epidemic in Malaysia, there have been rapid advances in the understanding and the management of the epidemic in Malaysia based on the insights derived from the results of these research. These insights are invaluable tools for policy makers, advocators, healthcare providers, researchers and everyone and anyone who are involved in the care of individuals with HIV/AIDS. Attempts have been made to identify gaps in certain research areas with the hope of providing directions for future research in HIV/AIDS in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
  11. Oorjitham S
    Asiaweek, 1999 Nov 5.
    PMID: 12295478
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome*
  12. Cheong IKS
    Family Physician, 1993;5:35-36.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
  13. PMID: 12318930
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome*
  14. Karel SG, Robey B
    Asian Pac Cens Forum, 1988 Sep;2(1-2):1-4, 18-30.
    PMID: 12342138
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome*
  15. Singh J, Che'Rus S, Chong S, Chong YK, Crofts N
    AIDS, 1994;8 Suppl 2:S99-103.
    PMID: 7857575
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology*
  16. Doraisamy G
    Family Practitioner, 1988;11(1):77-78.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
  17. Ravi C
    Family Physician, 1991;3:33-38.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
  18. Lee JK
    Med J Malaysia, 1993 Mar;48(1):93-4.
    PMID: 8341180
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis
  19. Yadav, M.
    MyJurnal
    Human Herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) infections are ubiquitous in human populations with an antibody prevalence of 30-85 percent in normal adults. The virus in vivo infects T-lympho-cytes, at various stages of differentiation and is cytopathic to host cell during productive infection. In culture the virus is pleiotropic for several established cell lines including T and B lymphocytes, macrophages and neural cells. Primary viral infection occurs mostly in early childhood. The saliva is the primary source of infection. The infection remains clinically silent in majority but it establishes a lifelong latent presence. However, in about 30 percent of infants, probably a varient HHV-6, causes exanthem subitum (roseola infantum). If the primary infection of HHV-6 is delayed until adolescence it is accompanied by clinical manifestation of an Epstein-Barr virus like infectious mononucleosis in some individuals. Depressed host immune functions may reactivate the latent HHV-6 infection and further aggravation of the primary disease. Since the virus is cytopathic to the host cell the presence of HHV-6 in AIDS patients and other lympholiferative disorders may increase the severity and pathogenicity of the primary disease. Antibodies to the HHV-6 are enhanced in autoimmune disorders, chronic fatigue syndrome, progressive lymphoroliferative disorders and organ transplant patients on immunosuppressive drugs therapy. While considerable basic immunovirological information has been obtained in the last 4 years, large gaps in knowledge still exist on the biologic interaction of HHV-6 with the host.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
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