Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 6402 in total

Abstract:
Sort:
  1. Hua Z, Wang S, Yuan X
    J Affect Disord, 2024 Apr 01;350:831-837.
    PMID: 38242215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.009
    BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to provide a comprehensive analysis of the spatial distribution and temporal trends in the age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) of depression in adolescents aged 10-24 worldwide.

    METHODS: Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2019 were analyzed, adopting Sawyer's broad definition of adolescence encompassing ages 10 to 24. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were used to assess temporal trends.

    RESULTS: Globally, from 1990 to 2019, there was a decrease in the ASIR of depression in adolescents (EAPC = -0.23). Notably, this decrease was more pronounced in female adolescents compared to their male counterparts (EAPC = -0.12 and - 0.29, respectively). Conversely, high Sociodemographic Index (SDI) regions experienced a significant increase in the ASIR of depression among adolescents (EAPC = 0.87). Furthermore, it is worth mentioning that individuals aged 20-24 exhibited the highest incidence rate for depression followed by those aged 15-19 and then those aged 10-14. The largest increases in the ASIRs of depression occurred in High-income North America (EAPC = 1.19) and Malaysia (EAPC = 2.4), respectively.

    LIMITATIONS: Mathematical models were used to reconstruct and adjust data of different qualities, which might have introduced bias.

    CONCLUSIONS: The global burden of disease for depression among adolescents aged 10-24 years declined from 1990 to 2019. Special attention must be paid to older adolescents and areas with higher SDIs.

    Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
  2. Fisher DL, Agrawal R, Divekar G, Hamid MA, Krishnan A, Mehranian H, et al.
    Accid Anal Prev, 2024 Apr;198:107397.
    PMID: 38271896 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2023.107397
    Novice drivers are at a greatly inflated risk of crashing. This led in the 20th century to numerous attempts to develop training programs that could reduce their crash risk. Yet, none proved effective. Novice drivers were largely considered careless, not clueless. This article is a case study in the United States of how a better understanding of the causes of novice driver crashes led to training countermeasures targeting teen driving behaviors with known associations with crashes. These effects on behaviors were large enough and long-lasting enough to convince insurance companies to develop training programs that they offered around the country to teen drivers. The success of the training programs at reducing the frequency of behaviors linked to crashes also led to several large-scale evaluations of the effect of the training programs on actual crashes. A reduction in crashes was observed. The cumulative effect has now led to state driver licensing agencies considering as a matter of policy both to include items testing the behaviors linked to crashes on licensing exams and to require training on safety critical behaviors. The effort has been ongoing for over a quarter century and is continuing. The case study highlights the critical elements that made it possible to move from a paradigm shift in the understanding of crash causes to the development and evaluation of crash countermeasures, to the implementation of those crash countermeasures, and to subsequent policy changes at the state and federal level. Key among these elements is the development of simple, scalable solutions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
  3. Wan Mohamad Darani WNS, Mat Ruzlin AN, Azhar ZI, Chen XW
    Sci Rep, 2024 Mar 22;14(1):6890.
    PMID: 38519534 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57593-y
    The growing Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) incidences and insufficient HIV knowledge among Malaysian late adolescents necessitate immediate attention to HIV prevention via education. This study aims to develop and validate an Information-Motivation-Behavioural skills (IMB) model-based education kit for adolescents, PREM-Kit, to educate on HIV prevention among Malaysian late adolescents. Utilizing the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation model, we conducted the study in three phases: needs assessment, development of PREM-Kit, and validation of PREM-Kit by applying the IMB model to map the PREM-Kit's contents. PREM-Kit, developed in Malay language, consisted of an infographic flip chart and videos. Five multi-disciplinary experts validated the PREM-Kit using the content validity index (CVI), and 13 end-users validated the PREM-Kit using the Malay version of the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool for Printable and Audiovisual Materials. The infographic flip chart comprised three modules covering 15 topics, and an animated video accompanied each module. PREM-Kit achieved CVI scores of 1.0 and median scores of over 80% for understandability and actionability. Overall, the newly developed IMB model-based HIV education kit has good content validity, is simple to comprehend and apply, and is ready for testing its effectiveness in improving adolescents' knowledge, attitudes, and practices for HIV prevention.
    Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
  4. Billy TJ, Sreeramareddy CT, Oo PS, Aye SN
    Nicotine Tob Res, 2024 Mar 22;26(4):508-511.
    PMID: 37819726 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntad198
    INTRODUCTION: Exposure to tobacco imagery creates a positive impression about smoking and is associated with youth smoking uptake.

    METHODS: From the list of movies released during 2015-2019, we selected the top 10 movies per year rated by the Malaysian Film Development Corporation. Two researchers coded tobacco imagery in each movie considering 5-minute time intervals as a unit. The 5-minute interval coding was adopted from previous research for comparability. Frequencies and the average occurrence of tobacco imagery were compared by movie language, genre, and age categorization.

    RESULTS: In 50 movies analyzed, there were a total of 1037 five-minute intervals of which 26 (52%) movies and 277 (26.7%) of intervals tobacco imagery were present. Brand appearances were absent and health warnings about tobacco use were present in just one movie. The proportions of intervals containing actual use, paraphernalia, and implied use were 63.5%, 22.0%, and 14.5%. Tobacco imagery of actual use, paraphernalia, and implied use was present in 25, 20, and 10 movies, respectively. In those movies with tobacco imagery, the average number of occurrences of actual use, paraphernalia, and implied use was 3 (interquartile range [IQR] 2-11.5), 2.5 (IQR 1.3-4.0), and 1 (IQR 1-4), respectively. Movies classified as "p13" (median 6, IQR 6-13) and "18" (median 5, IQR 0-15) had higher average occurrences of tobacco imagery than "U" movies (median 0, IQR 0-2; p = .028).

    CONCLUSIONS: The lack of health warnings despite the presence of tobacco imagery in Malaysian movies calls for measures to regulate tobacco-related content and reclassify such movies as "for adults-only."

    IMPLICATIONS: Tobacco imagery was prevalent in Malaysian movies that are allowed viewing by individuals aged 13 years and above. A review of the age categorization of Malaysian movies and the placement of health warnings in movies is needed. A comprehensive implementation of the ban on tobacco advertisements, promotion, and sponsorship should also include a ban on tobacco imagery in movies.

    Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
  5. Kulkarni D, Ismail NF, Zhu F, Wang X, Del Carmen Morales G, Srivastava A, et al.
    J Glob Health, 2024 Mar 01;14:05003.
    PMID: 38419461 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.14.05003
    METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Global Health, CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, CQvip, and the World Health Organization (WHO) COVID-19 global literature databases for primary studies recruiting children aged ≤18 years with a diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed either by molecular or antigen tests. We used the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools to appraise the study quality and conducted meta-analyses using the random effects model for all outcomes except for race/ethnicity as risk factors of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

    RESULTS: We included 237 studies, each reporting at least one of the study outcomes. Based on data from 117 studies, the pooled SARS-CoV-2 positivity rate was 9.30% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 7.15-11.73). Having a comorbidity was identified as a risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection (risk ratio (RR) = 1.33; 95% CI = 1.04-1.71) based on data from 49 studies. Most cases in this review presented with mild disease (n = 50; 52.47% (95% CI = 44.03-60.84)). However, 20.70% of paediatric SARS-CoV-2 infections were hospitalised (67 studies), 7.19% required oxygen support (57 studies), 4.26% required intensive care (93 studies), and 2.92% required assisted ventilation (63 studies). The case fatality ratio (n = 119) was 0.87% (95% CI = 0.54-1.28), which included in-hospital and out-of-hospital deaths.

    CONCLUSIONS: Our data showed that children were at risk for SARS-CoV-2 infections and severe outcomes in the pre-Omicron era. These findings underscore the need for effective vaccination strategies for the paediatric population to protect against the acute and long-term sequelae of COVID-19.

    REGISTRATION: PROSPERO: CRD42022327680.

    Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
  6. Gong Y, Gong Q, Yu J, Wong PPW, Wang L
    Acta Psychol (Amst), 2024 Mar;243:104162.
    PMID: 38280350 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104162
    The bookings and revenues of youth hostels have significantly decreased because of the multiple effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is necessary to investigate young consumers' perceptions of visiting youth hostels aftermath this pandemic. The current study examines the relationship between multi-dimensions of perceived risk, three types of images, willingness to pay and visit intention. A convenience sampling was developed where 534 questionnaires were received, followed by subsequent empirical testing of the proposed hypotheses using SPSS and AMOS-SEM. Results showed that perceived risk negatively influenced cognitive and affective image, respectively. Cognitive and affective image positively influenced overall image and finally influenced willingness to pay and visit intention separately. In addition, cognitive image positively influenced affective image. The theoretical framework satisfactorily accounted for willingness to pay and intention, and our results help youth hostels practitioners invent efficient strategies to boost young consumers' willingness to pay and intention to visit youth hostels.
    Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
  7. Chien YC, Ko YC, Chiang WC, Sun JT, Shin SD, Tanaka H, et al.
    Am J Emerg Med, 2024 Mar;77:147-153.
    PMID: 38150984 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2023.12.011
    BACKGROUND: Major trauma is a leading cause of unexpected death globally, with increasing age-adjusted death rates for unintentional injuries. Field triage schemes (FTSs) assist emergency medical technicians in identifying appropriate medical care facilities for patients. While full FTSs may improve sensitivity, step-by-step field triage is time-consuming. A simplified FTS (sFTS) that uses only physiological and anatomical criteria may offer a more rapid decision-making process. However, evidence for this approach is limited, and its performance in identifying all age groups requiring trauma center resources in Asia remains unclear.

    METHODS: We conducted a multinational retrospective cohort study involving adult trauma patients admitted to emergency departments in the included countries from 2016 to 2020. Prehospital and hospital data were reviewed from the Pan-Asia Trauma Outcomes Study database. Patients aged ≥18 years transported by emergency medical services were included. Patients lacking data regarding age, sex, physiological criteria, or injury severity scores were excluded. We examined the performance of sFTS in all age groups and fine-tuned physiological criteria to improve sFTS performance in identifying high-risk trauma patients in different age groups.

    RESULTS: The sensitivity and specificity of the physiological and anatomical criteria for identifying major trauma (injury severity score ≥ 16) were 80.6% and 58.8%, respectively. The modified sFTS showed increased sensitivity and decreased specificity, with more pronounced changes in the young age group. Adding the shock index further increased sensitivity in both age groups.

    CONCLUSIONS: sFTS using only physiological and anatomical criteria is suboptimal for Asian adult patients with trauma of all age groups. Adjusting the physiological criteria and adding a shock index as a triage tool can improve the sensitivity of severely injured patients, particularly in young age groups. A swift field triage process can maintain acceptable sensitivity and specificity in severely injured patients.

    Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
  8. Ng DC, Liew CH, Tan KK, Awang EHB, Nazri FNBA, Maran AKT, et al.
    Clin Respir J, 2024 Mar;18(3):e13747.
    PMID: 38529669 DOI: 10.1111/crj.13747
    INTRODUCTION: Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are significant contributors to the burden of acute respiratory infections in children, but data on hMPV from Southeast Asia are limited despite its potential for serious disease. This study aimed to compare the clinical presentation, resource utilisation and outcomes between hMPV and RSV infections in hospitalised Malaysian children.

    METHODS: This retrospective, observational study included children aged ≤12 years old hospitalised with hMPV or RSV, confirmed via direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) methods, between 1 July to 30 October 2022 at Hospital Tuanku Ja'afar Seremban, Malaysia. Demographic, clinical presentation, resource utilisation and outcome data were analysed. Propensity score matching was used to balance cohorts based on key demographic and clinical characteristics.

    RESULTS: This study included 192 patients, comprising 112 with hMPV and 80 with RSV. hMPV patients were older (median age 20.5 vs. 9.4 months, p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
  9. Suhairi MH, Mohamad M, Isa MR, Mohd Yusoff MAS, Ismail N
    BMJ Open, 2024 Feb 26;14(2):e080144.
    PMID: 38413152 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080144
    OBJECTIVES: Due to the paucity of literature on risk factors for tuberculosis (TB)-related death, we determine the sociodemographic and clinical risk factors associated with TB-related deaths among adult pulmonary TB (PTB) patients on treatment in Selangor, Malaysia.

    DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study.

    SETTING: Routinely collected primary care data from all government TB clinics in Selangor.

    PARTICIPANTS: Data of 24 570 eligible adult PTB patients from 2013 to 2019 were obtained from Selangor's State Health Department surveillance records. We included PTB patients aged at least 15 years old at the time of diagnosis with complete documentation of the dates of diagnosis, treatment initiation, end of treatment/follow-up and treatment outcomes. We excluded patients whose diagnoses were changed to non-TB, post-mortem TB diagnosis and multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) patients.

    PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: TB-related death, determined from the recorded physicians' consensus during the TB mortality meeting.

    RESULTS: TB-related death was significantly associated with far (adjusted HR (aHR) 9.98, 95% CI 4.28 to 23.28) and moderately advanced (aHR 3.23, 95% CI 1.43 to 7.31) radiological findings at diagnosis; concurrent TB meningitis (aHR 7.67, 95% CI 4.53 to 12.98) and miliary TB (aHR 6.32, 95% CI 4.10 to 9.74) involvement; HIV positive at diagnosis (aHR 2.81, 95% CI 2.21 to 3.57); Hulu Selangor (aHR 1.95, 95% CI 1.29 to 2.93), Klang (aHR 1.53, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.98) and Hulu Langat (aHR 1.31, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.68) residing districts; no formal education (aHR 1.70, 95% CI 1.23 to 2.35); unemployment (aHR 1.54, 95% CI 1.29 to 1.84), positive sputum smear acid-fast bacilli (AFB) at diagnosis (aHR 1.51, 95% CI 1.22 to 1.85); rural residency (aHR 1.39, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.72) and advancing age (aHR 1.03, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.03).

    CONCLUSIONS: Far and moderately advanced radiological findings, concurrent TB meningitis and miliary TB involvement, HIV positive, Hulu Selangor, Klang and Hulu Langat residing districts, no formal education, unemployment, positive sputum smear AFB, rural residency and advancing age are risk factors of TB-related death. Our findings should assist in identifying high-risk patients requiring interventions against TB-related death.

    Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
  10. Mo W, Saibon JB, Li Y, Li J, He Y
    BMC Public Health, 2024 Feb 19;24(1):517.
    PMID: 38373997 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18043-6
    OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review to summarize and assess the advancements lately made on the enjoyable impacts of game-based physical education interventions on children and adolescents. Additionally, it attempted to identify the effects and variables influencing the enjoyable outcomes of children and adolescents' engagement in physical education games, through meta-analysis.

    METHODS: This study involves a comprehensive search of different databases like Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, EBSCOhost, Cochrane, and Scopus. Specific criteria are established for the selection process to make sure the relevant literature included. The quality assessment of the included researches is conducted based on the guidelines outlined in the Cochrane 5.1 handbook. Review Manager 5.3 software is employed to synthesis the effect sizes. Additionally, bias is assessed using funnel plots, and to identify potential sources of heterogeneity, subgroup analyses are performed.

    RESULTS: A total of 1907 academic papers, out of which 2 articles were identified via other data sources. The present study examined the impact of a pedagogical intervention involving physical education games on the enjoyment experienced by children and adolescents. The results indicated a significant positive effect (MD = 0.53, 95%CI:[0.27,0.79], P 

    Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
  11. Wong SL, McLellan R
    J Adolesc, 2024 Feb;96(2):305-321.
    PMID: 37997033 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12276
    INTRODUCTION: Adolescents' social network sites (SNS) use is prominent during the developmental period. Various adolescents' motivations for using  SNS have been reported. However, there is a lack of psychological perspectives in understanding the reasons for adolescents to use SNS. This study explored adolescents' motivation to use SNS, and a comprehensive psychological framework was used to dismantle adolescents' reasons and purposes for using SNS. Adolescents' ways of using SNS were explored to contextualize teens' SNS use.

    METHODS: Semistructured interviews with 18 Malaysian adolescents (Mage  = 15; 50% female; 10 Malay, 5 Chinese, 1 Indian, 1 Other Bumiputera) were conducted. The qualitative data were collected in 2021 in Malaysia through online video calls. Reflexive thematic analysis was the analytic approach.

    RESULTS: Six motivations for using SNS were identified: social interaction, content subscription and exploration, emotional support, participation, distraction, and self-expression. Each of the motivations was explicitly linked with different psychological needs. Adolescents were found to use SNS differently in three aspects: deliberate use (i.e., on purpose of use and time spent on SNS), content-selective, and audience-selective.

    CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that psychological needs are the psychological reasons for adolescents' motivations for using SNS. Adolescence developmental tasks like strong peer identification and identity explorations are parts of the basic and compound psychological needs. Teens are pursuing a sense of self-coherence by using SNS. Adolescents demonstrated to use SNS differently at being deliberate and selective, which is speculated to be a result of the conflict between reflexive and reflective thought processes during SNS use.

    Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
  12. Petito LC, McCabe ME, Pool LR, Krefman AE, Perak AM, Marino BS, et al.
    Am J Prev Med, 2024 Feb;66(2):216-225.
    PMID: 37751803 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2023.09.019
    INTRODUCTION: Clinical cardiovascular health is a construct that includes 4 health factors-systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, and body mass index-which together provide an evidence-based, more holistic view of cardiovascular health risk in adults than each component separately. Currently, no pediatric version of this construct exists. This study sought to develop sex-specific charts of clinical cardiovascular health for age to describe current patterns of clinical cardiovascular health throughout childhood.

    METHODS: Data were used from children and adolescents aged 8-19 years in six pooled childhood cohorts (19,261 participants, collected between 1972 and 2010) to create reference standards for fasting glucose and total cholesterol. Using the models for glucose and cholesterol as well as previously published reference standards for body mass index and blood pressure, clinical cardiovascular health charts were developed. All models were estimated using sex-specific random-effects linear regression, and modeling was performed during 2020-2022.

    RESULTS: Models were created to generate charts with smoothed means, percentiles, and standard deviations of clinical cardiovascular health for each year of childhood. For example, a 10-year-old girl with a body mass index of 16 kg/m2 (30th percentile), blood pressure of 100/60 mm Hg (46th/50th), glucose of 80 mg/dL (31st), and total cholesterol of 160 mg/dL (46th) (lower implies better) would have a clinical cardiovascular health percentile of 62 (higher implies better).

    CONCLUSIONS: Clinical cardiovascular health charts based on pediatric data offer a standardized approach to express clinical cardiovascular health as an age- and sex-standardized percentile for clinicians to assess cardiovascular health in childhood to consider preventive approaches at early ages and proactively optimize lifetime trajectories of cardiovascular health.

    Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
  13. Bellato A, Sesso G, Milone A, Masi G, Cortese S
    J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 2024 Feb;63(2):216-230.
    PMID: 36841327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2023.01.017
    OBJECTIVE: To systematically investigate if there is a significant association between markers of autonomic functioning and emotional dysregulation (ED) in children and adolescents.

    METHOD: Based on a preregistered protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42021239635), PubMed, Web of Knowledge/Science, Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and APA PsycInfo databases were searched until April 21, 2021, to identify empirical studies reporting indices of autonomic nervous system (ANS) functioning in youths meeting DSM (version III, IV, IV-TR, 5 or 5-TR) or International Classification of Diseases (ICD) (version 9 or 10) criteria for any psychopathological/neurodevelopmental condition and assessed for ED with a validated scale. Eligible outcomes included correlation coefficients between ED and ANS measures or differences in ANS measures between youths with and without ED. Study quality was assessed with the Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS) and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for cohort studies. Random-effects meta-analyses were used for data synthesis.

    RESULTS: There were 12 studies (1,016 participants) included in the descriptive review and 9 studies (567 participants) included in the meta-analyses. No evidence of a significant association between ED and altered cardiac or electrodermal functioning was found. However, exploratory meta-regressions suggested a possible association between reduced resting-state cardiac vagal control and increased ED.

    CONCLUSION: This study did not find evidence of an association between ED and autonomic dysfunction. However, preliminary evidence that reduced vagal control at rest might be a transdiagnostic marker of ED in young people was found. Additional studies comparing autonomic measures in youths with and without ED are needed and should also assess the effects of interventions for ED on ANS functioning.

    STUDY PREREGISTRATION INFORMATION: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Is Autonomic Nervous System Functioning Atypical in Children and Adolescents With Emotional Dysregulation? https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/; CRD42021239635.

    Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
  14. Gohain M, Asif MK, Nambiar P, Mohd Noor NS, Hidayah Reduwan N, Ibrahim N
    Leg Med (Tokyo), 2024 Feb;66:102391.
    PMID: 38211402 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102391
    Three-dimensional surface area analyses of developing root apices for age estimation in children and young adults have shown promising results. The current study aimed to apply this three-dimensional method to develop a regression model for estimating age in Malaysian children aged 7 to 14 using developing maxillary second premolars. A training sample of 155 cone-beam computed tomography scans (83 Malays and 72 Chinese) was analysed, and the formula was subsequently validated on an independent sample of 92 cone-beam computed tomography scans (45 Malays and 47 Chinese). The results showed a strong correlation (r = 94 %) between the chronological age as a dependent variable and the predictor variables, including root surface area of the apex, sex, ethnicity, and root development status (open/closed apices). For this model, the predictor variables accounted for 88.4 % of the variation in age except sex and ethnicity. A mean absolute error value of 0.42 indicated that this model can be reliably used for Malaysian children. In conclusion, this study recognises the method of three-dimensional surface area analyses as a valuable tool for age estimation in forensic and clinical practice. Further studies are highly recommended to assess its effectiveness across different demographic groups.
    Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
  15. Cheah YK
    Int J Adolesc Med Health, 2024 Feb 01;36(1):95-103.
    PMID: 38347679 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2023-0175
    OBJECTIVES: Knowledge of smoking is a protective factor for adolescent smoking. This study is the first to examine sociodemographic and lifestyle factors associated with adolescents' knowledge of smoking in Timor-Leste. It is also a pioneering investigation into the ways in which exposure to anti-tobacco messages and health warnings on cigarette packages, and involvement in smoking-related education at schools and home mediate the relationship between school grade levels and smoking knowledge.

    METHODS: Data were obtained from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey Timor-Leste. Ordered logistic regressions were used to examine the associations between knowledge of smoking and sociodemographic, and lifestyle factors. Structural equation modelling was utilized to explore the mediating effects.

    RESULTS: Adolescents were less likely to have high knowledge of smoking if they were lower-secondary students, were males, had unemployed parents and had no closest friends who smoked. The relationship between grade levels and smoking knowledge was partly mediated by awareness of anti-tobacco messages on mass media, school education about the dangers of smoking and family discussion about smoking.

    CONCLUSIONS: Sociodemographic and lifestyle factors play an important role in determining knowledge of smoking among adolescents. To some extent, awareness-, education- and family-related variables explain how grade levels affect smoking knowledge.

    Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
  16. Lee YJ, Wang WJ, Mohamad SM, Chandren JR, Gani SMA, Chung WH, et al.
    Eur Spine J, 2024 Feb;33(2):630-645.
    PMID: 37924388 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-023-08007-6
    PURPOSE: To compare the Boston brace and European braces using a standardised Scoliosis Research Society (SRS) inclusion criteria for brace treatment as well as consensus recommendations for treatment outcome.

    METHODS: This was a systematic review that was carried out using MeSH terminology in our search protocol in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Clinicaltrials.gov and Web of Science database between 1976 and 29th of Jan 2023. All studies that were included in this review had applied fully/partially the SRS inclusion criteria for brace wear. Outcome measures were divided into primary and secondary outcome measures.

    RESULTS: 3830 literatures were found in which 176 literatures were deemed relevant to the study once duplicates were removed and titles and abstracts were screened. Of these literatures, only 15 had fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included in the study. 8 of the studies were Level IV studies, 5 were Level III studies and 2 studies were Level I studies (1 prospective randomised controlled trial (RCT) and 1 Quasi-RCT). The percentage of patients who avoided surgery for European braces ranged from 88 to 100%, whereas for Boston brace ranged from 70 to 94%. When treatment success was assessed based on the final Cobb angle > 45°, approximately 15% of patients treated with European braces had treatment failure. In contrast, 20-63% of patients treated with Boston brace had curves > 45° at skeletal maturity. The BrAIST study used a cut-off point of 50° to define failure of treatment and the rate of treatment failure was 28%. Curve correction was not achieved in most patients (24-51% of patients) who were treated with the Chêneau brace and its derivatives. However, none of the patients treated with Boston brace achieved curve correction.

    CONCLUSION: Boston brace and European braces were effective in the prevention of surgery. In addition, curve stabilisation was achieved in most studies. Limitation in current literature included lack of studies providing high level of evidence and lack of standardisation in terms of compliance to brace as well as multidisciplinary management of brace wear.

    Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
  17. Mahfooz M, Noh YE, Teo EW, Savila Z
    J Pak Med Assoc, 2024 Feb;74(2):320-326.
    PMID: 38419234 DOI: 10.47391/JPMA.9343
    OBJECTIVE: To assess student-athletes' knowledge and attitudes towards sport-related concussions and to investigate concussion history and reporting behaviours.

    METHODS: The cross-sectional, survey-based study was conducted from September 2020 to June 2021 after approval from the research ethics committee of Universiti Malaya, Malaysia, and comprised student-athletes of either gender aged 18 years or above at various universities across Pakistan and who played contact or collision sports for their universities. Data was collected using the Urdu version of the Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey-Student Version. Data was also gathered about the participants' self-reported exposure to formal concussion education, previous sport-related concussion history, and reporting behaviours, where applicable. Data was analysed using SPSS 23.

    RESULTS: Of the 369 participants, 224(60.7%) were males and 145(39.3%) were females. The overall mean age was 19.95±1.75 years. Among the participants, 327(88.6%) had not received formal concussion education. The mean knowledge score was 12.76±2.73 out of a possible 25 points, and the mean attitude score was 38.63±10.30 out of 75 points. Knowledge had a weak positive correlation with attitude towards sport-related concussions SRC (p<0.05). Females displayed better attitudes towards sport-related concussions than their male counterparts (p<0.05). Overall, 126(34%) participants had experienced sport-related concussion symptoms following a blow to the head in the preceding 12 months, and 81(64.3%) of them had continued playing while being symptomatic.

    CONCLUSION: Pakistani university student-athletes lacked adequate concussion knowledge and held poor attitudes towards sport-related concussions.

    Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
  18. Luo J, Tang L, Kong X, Li Y
    Asian J Psychiatr, 2024 Feb;92:103905.
    PMID: 38262303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103905
    BACKGROUND: Depressive disorders (DD) including dysthymia and major depressive disorder (MDD) are common among adolescents and young adults. However, global trends in DD burden remain unclear.

    METHODS: We analysed data from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study on incidence, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and mortality due to DD from 1990 to 2019 at global, regional and national levels.

    RESULTS: Globally, dysthymia incidence increased notably in females, older age groups, and lower-middle income countries from 1990 to 2019. In contrast, MDD incidence decreased slightly over this period except in high-income North America. Females and middle-income countries had the highest dysthymia burden while North America had the highest MDD incidence and DALYs. Oman and Malaysia experienced largest increases in dysthymia and MDD burden respectively.

    CONCLUSION: Despite certain global indicators suggesting a leveling off or decrease, it's clear that depressive disorders continue to be a significant and increasing issue, particularly among women, teenagers, and young adults. Differences between regions and countries indicate that specific interventions aimed at addressing economic inequalities, improving healthcare systems, and taking cultural factors into account could make a real difference in lessening the burden of depressive disorders. More research is needed to understand what's driving these trends so that we can develop better strategies for preventing and managing these conditions.

    Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
  19. Ng JY, Chew FT
    Skin Res Technol, 2024 Feb;30(2):e13620.
    PMID: 38376131 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13620
    BACKGROUND: We evaluate skin sagging phenotypes (eyebags, droopy eyelids, low eyebrow positioning) using written descriptive scales and photo-numeric scales. We also study how anti-ageing interventions and digital screen time influence skin sagging.

    AIM: We compare the two phenotype assessment methods with each other.

    METHOD: Skin sagging and personal lifestyle data obtained from 2885 ethnic Chinese young adults from the Singapore/Malaysia cross-sectional genetics epidemiology study (SMCGES) cohort were collated and compared.

    RESULTS: Significant correlations (p-value 

    Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
  20. Shroff SM, Sreeramareddy CT
    Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy, 2024 Jan 25;19(1):11.
    PMID: 38273314 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-024-00592-z
    BACKGROUND: Marketing and sales of e-cigarettes are unregulated in Malaysia. We analyzed content displayed on e-cigarette retailer websites to identify marketing claims, promotional strategies, and product details in the year 2022.

    METHODS: We analyzed 30 Malaysia-based retailer websites using a mixed methods approach. Data were extracted as the frequency of occurrences of marketing claims, presence of regulatory information, product types, and flavors of e-juice as per a predefined codebook based on published literature. We also extracted textual details published on the websites about marketing claims, and slogans.

    RESULTS: Most retailer websites provided contact information and physical store addresses (83%) but only half had 'click through' age verification (57%) that seldom needed any identification proof for age (3%). Marketing claims were related to health (47%), smoking cessation (37%), and modernity/trend (37%) and none had health warnings. Promotional strategies were discounts (80%). starter kits (57%) and email subscriptions (53%). Product types displayed were rechargeable (97%) and disposable (87%) devices and e-liquids (90%) of an array of flavors (> 100). Nicotine presence, its concentration, and "nicotine is an addictive chemical" were displayed in 93%, 53%, and 23% of websites respectively.

    CONCLUSION: Surveillance of content displayed online on e-cigarette retailer websites and regulation of online marketing and sales should be implemented by the Ministry of Health, Malaysia. Such measures are needed to prevent access to, and initiation of e-cigarette use among the youth and adults who do not smoke.

    Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Filters
Contact Us

Please provide feedback to Administrator (afdal@afpm.org.my)

External Links