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Fulltext Prevalence of microvascular complications in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus in primary healthcare clinics

Wong WL, Valliappan VN, Leong MC, Aminudin SNA, Chew SCJ, Cheong AT

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(2):237-243.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Delayed diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) increases the risk of presenting late with microvas- cular complications due to untreated long-standing hyperglycaemia. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of microvascular complications in newly diagnosed T2D patients in primary healthcare clinics.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out in three government primary healthcare clinics in the state of Selangor, Malaysia. Malaysian aged 18 years and above with newly diagnosed T2D (<6 months of diagnosis) were invited to participate in the study. Data collected included the sociodemographic characteristic and the clinical profile (weight, height, waist circumference, blood pressure, lipid, glycaemic, urine albumin, microalbuminuria and renal profile). The assessment of nephropathy, peripheral neuropathy and retinopathy were performed using standard protocol. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the significant factors that contribute to the presence of microvascular complications.
Results: A total of 162 newly diagnosed patients were recruited. The majority was women (64%). The mean age was 51 (SD 11) years. About one-third of the patients (27.7%) had developed at least one microvascular complication. Nephropathy was the commonest microvascular complication (19.2%), followed by peripheral neuropathy (8.6%) and retinopathy (6.5%). Poor glycaemic control was found to be a significant factor contributing to the presence of microvascular complications (OR 5.8, 95%CI:1.466, 23.288).
Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of microvascular complications among the newly diagnosed T2D. There is a need to develop appropriate strategies to increase the awareness and early detection of T2D.
Study site: three Klinik Kesihatan, Selangor, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Albumins
Fulltext Cognitive health of older persons in longitudinal ageing cohort studies

Ng TP

Sains Malaysiana, 2016;45:1351-1355.

Dementia poses a major global burden of care to society and health systems in ageing populations. The majority (over 60%) of persons with dementia in the world are found in Asia and developing countries with rapid rates of population ageing. Improving and maintaining the cognitive health of older persons is vital to national strategies for dementia prevention. Increasing numbers of population-based ageing cohort studies in the past decade have provided a better understanding of the factors that contribute to cognitive function and decline in old age. The roles of major demographic, psychosocial, lifestyle, behavioral and cardiovascular risk factors contributing to cognitive health were discussed using examples from the Singapore Longitudinal Ageing Studies. They include socio-demographic factors, particularly education and marital status, leisure time activity such as physical activity, social engagement and mental activities, psychological factors such as depression, cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors: obesity, diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia, and the metabolic syndrome, under-nutrition, low albumin, low hemoglobin, nutritional factors such as blood folate, B12 and homocysteine, omega-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids, tea drinking and curcumin-rich turmeric in curry meals. These factors are found to be associated variously with cognitive functions (memory and learning, language, visuospatial, attention and information processing speed), rates of cognitive impairment and cognitive decline, or increased risk of developing MCI and progression to dementia.

Matched MeSH terms: Albumins
Fulltext Outcome of bacteraemia in patients admitted to the adult medical wards of the UKM hospital

Petrick P, Kong NC, Nordiah AJ, Cheong IK, Tamil MA

Med J Malaysia, 2007 Oct;62(4):329-34.
PMID: 18551939 MyJurnal

The clinical outcome of bacteraemic patients is influenced by many factors. It is vital to know one's own local hospital epidemiological data so as to provide optimal care to the affected patients. This was a prospective, observational study carried out in the said patient population over a period of four months in the year 2005. One hundred and ninety one patients presented with bacteraemia over the study period. Fifty-two (27%) of the patients died. Mechanical ventilation, inappropriate empirical antibiotic usage, Chinese ethnicity and low serum albumin levels independently affected prognosis. These factors should alert physicians to those patients who require more intensive monitoring and care.
KEY WORDS:
Bacteraemia, Blood Culture Positive, Outcome, Risk factors, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Albumins
Fulltext Correlation of Vitamin D with bone mineral density by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) scan among healthy Malay adult

Tuan Salwani Tuan Ismail, Siong Hu Wong, Mohd Hadizie Din, Zulkarnain Mustapha, Juhara Haron, Ahmad Badruridzwanullah Bin Zun

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(2):16-22.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Scarcity of data found in regard to association of vitamin D level with bone mineral density (BMD). Our study aimed to determine the correlation of vitamin D with BMD and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) among healthy Malay adult. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 126 healthy Malay volunteers (aged 21–45 years old) from Kota Bharu, Malaysia. Serum total calcium, albumin, phosphorus, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), and iPTH were measured. BMD was assessed with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan over left hip (right hip in case of problem with left hip) and lumbar spine (L1 – L4 vertebrae). Results: The mean serum 25(OH)D was 38.91
± 14.07 nmol/L. Out of 126 study subjects, 104 subjects (82.5%) had insufficient level of vitamin D (< 50 nmol/L). Mean hip and lumbar BMD were 0.952 ± 0.145 g/cm2 and 1.006 ± 0.133 g/cm2 respectively. According to T-score, 93 subjects (73.8%) had normal T-score of  -1, 33 subjects (26.2%) had osteopenia (T-score -2.5 to -1) and none had osteoporosis (T-score  -2.5). Significant positive correlation between serum 25(OH)D and hip BMD (r = 0.234, p = 0.009) was observed, but no correlation was found between serum 25(OH)D and lumbar BMD. Meanwhile, significant inverse correlation between serum 25(OH)D and iPTH was observed (r = -0.324, p < 0.001). Conclusion: High prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency was observed among healthy Malay population, but majority had normal bone density. Nonetheless, serum 25(OH)D was positively correlated with BMD and inversely correlated with iPTH. Our findings support the role of vitamin D for maintaining bone health.

Matched MeSH terms: Albumins
A national audit of estimated glomerular filtration rate and proteinuria and the MACD CKD task force recommendations

Sthaneshwar P, Lai LC, Raja Azzidin RE, Mohd Hussain B, Anas SS, Supremaniam S, et al.

Malays J Pathol, 2021 Apr;43(1):41-48.
PMID: 33903304

INTRODUCTION: The Malaysian Association of Clinical Biochemists (MACB) established a Task Force for Chronic Kidney Disease. A survey was undertaken by the Task Force on the reporting of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine albumin by hospital laboratories in Malaysia in both the government and private sectors.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: An e-mail invitation to participate in an online survey was sent to hospital laboratories in Malaysia (n=140). Questions regarding methods for measuring creatinine, equations for calculating eGFR, eGFR reporting, the terminology used in reporting urine albumin, types of samples and the cut-off values used for normal albuminuria.
RESULTS: A total of 42/140 (30%) laboratories answered the questionnaire. The prevalent method used for serum creatinine measurement was the Jaffé method (88.1%) traceable to isotope-dilution mass spectrometry. eGFR was reported along with serum creatinine by 61.9% of laboratories while 33.3% of laboratories report eGFR on request. The formula used for eGFR reporting was mainly MDRD (64.3%) and results were reported as exact numbers even when the eGFR was <60 ml/min/1.73m2. The term microalbumin is still used by 83.3% of laboratories. There is a large heterogeneity among the labs regarding the type of sample recommended for measuring urine albumin, reference interval and reporting units.
CONCLUSION: It is evident that the laboratory assessment of chronic kidney disease in Malaysia is not standardised. It is essential to provide a national framework for standardised reporting of eGFR and urine albumin. Recommendations developed by the MACB CKD Task Force, if adopted by all laboratories, will lead to a reduction in this variability.

Matched MeSH terms: Albumins
Fulltext Blood Profiling of Captive and Semi-Wild False Gharial in Peninsular Malaysia

Latip MQA, Tengku Azizan TRP, Ahmad H, Abu Hassim H, Noor MHM, Mikail M

Animals (Basel), 2021 May 21;11(6).
PMID: 34063794 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061481

The involvement of veterinary medicine in wildlife research has played an important role in understanding the health status of various wildlife species. Health status is a very important aspect of species conservation. However, it requires a widely employed knowledge of veterinary clinical pathology, as a diagnostic tool in diagnosing the various disease conditions of wildlife species. Notwithstanding, a gap exists in the literature about the clinical pathology of the false gharial, due to the lack of normal reference values for hematological and serum biochemical analysis. The present study investigated the normal blood profile of 10 healthy false gharials, from two different zoos, and wildlife conservation centers located in three different states of Peninsular Malaysia. Blood samples were collected from the lateral caudal vein and divided into a vacutainer without anticoagulant for biochemical analysis, and a lithium heparin vacutainer (containing sodium heparin) for hematological studies. The results of the study indicated that the false gharial has a smaller erythrocyte dimension compared to other crocodilian species. At the same time the study revealed that the false gharial in a natural captive pond showed more leukocytes than false gharial kept in zoos, hence, habitat and environmental factors significantly affect hematological values. The biochemistry values also showed differences between the false gharial in different environmental conditions. Total protein, albumin (Alb), globulin (Glob), and Alb: Glob ratio were higher in false gharials kept in wildlife conservation centers than in false gharials kept in zoos. The values obtained in this study provide baseline data of hematological and serum biochemical values of the false gharial for future research and routine clinical diagnosis.

Matched MeSH terms: Albumins
The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in patients with oesophageal stenosis

Ylmaz Ö, Temur A, Almal N, Dülger AC, Sasmaz MI

Trop Biomed, 2018 Dec 01;35(4):1148-1153.
PMID: 33601862

Oesophageal strictures often occur following esophagectomy which is performed for cases of oesophageal cancer. These patients require repeated dilation procedures. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of dietary regimens, which are changed because of stenosis, caused by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). In this retrospective study, 28 patients who had operation for oesophageal cancer and underwent dilation due to development of stricture were studied. 30 female and 30 male patients who were admitted to the Gastroenterology Clinic with complaints of dyspepsia and did not receive treatment for the eradication of H. pylori were randomly selected and included in this study as a control group. Patients' histopathological records on the hemogram, biochemistry, and endoscopic biopsy were analysed. There were 26 H. pylori (+) cases (92.8 %) in the stenosis group consisting of 28 patients, and 37 H. pylori (+) cases (61.6%) in the control group consisting of 60 patients. These results were found to be statistically significant (P=0.003). The albumin level in the stenosis group was reported to be statistically low (P=0.002). The incidence of H. pylori was found to be significantly higher in patients with stenosis. We ascribed this outcome due to changes in dietary regimens. Our findings showed that the dietary regimens of all patients who underwent esophagectomy should be regulated during the postoperative period considering H. pylori. The relationship between H. pylori and stenosis was significant, there is a need for further research with a larger sample size to enrich the findings.

Matched MeSH terms: Albumins
Characterization of serum protein fractions of dogs naturally infected with Ehrlichia canis or Anaplasma platys associated with uveitis

Nimsuphan B, Prasroedsang S, Kengradomkij C, Thayananuphat A, Kromkhun P

Trop Biomed, 2020 Sep 01;37(3):551-559.
PMID: 33612770 DOI: 10.47665/tb.37.3.551

Uveitis associated with Ehrlichia canis or Anaplasma platys infections were reported in dogs. However, only two E. canis-infected dogs with hypergammaglobulinemia showed acute blindness were reported. There were limited data of the species of Ehrlichia or Anaplasma and the alteration of serum protein fractions in infected dogs. Thus, the species of causative pathogen were investigated and compared the serum protein fractions between infected dogs associated with anterior uveitis and panuveitis in clinical situations. All 103 studied dogs were brought into the ophthalmology clinic which each dog showed signs of unilateral or bilateral uveitis related to ehrlichial infection. Dogs were divided into anterior uveitis and panuveitis groups. The species of Ehrlichia or Anaplasma were identified using nested-PCR based on the 16S rRNA gene and DNA sequencing from blood samples. The serum protein fractions were analyzed using electrophoresis. Fifty-eight dogs (56.31%) were positive of which E. canis and A. platys were detected in 51 and 7 dogs, respectively. The total serum protein and globulin levels were higher in the infected dogs associated with panuveitis than anterior uveitis while the albumin levels were significantly lower in the panuveitis group. The A/G ratios significantly decreased in both groups. Gamma globulin was detected at high levels in both groups while beta globulin significantly increased in the panuveitis group. Hypergammaglobulinemia was detected in 76.92 and 90.90% of infected dogs associated with anterior uveitis and panuveitis, respectively. Most of the infected dogs associated with panuveitis showed significantly levels of hyperproteinemia, hyperbetaglobulinemia and hypergammaglobulinemia compared with anterior uveitis group. E. canis was found as the major pathogen in infected dogs associated with uveitis in this study.

Matched MeSH terms: Albumins
Thioredoxin-albumin fusion protein prevents copper enhanced zinc-induced neurotoxicity via its antioxidative activity

Tanaka KI, Shimoda M, Chuang VTG, Nishida K, Kawahara M, Ishida T, et al.

Int J Pharm, 2018 Jan 15;535(1-2):140-147.
PMID: 29122608 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.11.012

Zinc (Zn) is a co-factor for a vast number of enzymes, and functions as a regulator for immune mechanism and protein synthesis. However, excessive Zn release induced in pathological situations such as stroke or transient global ischemia is toxic. Previously, we demonstrated that the interaction of Zn and copper (Cu) is involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Furthermore, oxidative stress has been shown to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of various metal ions induced neuronal death. Thioredoxin-Albumin fusion (HSA-Trx) is a derivative of thioredoxin (Trx), an antioxidative protein, with improved plasma retention and stability of Trx. In this study, we examined the effect of HSA-Trx on Cu2+/Zn2+-induced neurotoxicity. Firstly, HSA-Trx was found to clearly suppress Cu2+/Zn2+-induced neuronal cell death in mouse hypothalamic neuronal cells (GT1-7 cells). Moreover, HSA-Trx markedly suppressed Cu2+/Zn2+-induced ROS production and the expression of oxidative stress related genes, such as heme oxygenase-1. In contrast, HSA-Trx did not affect the intracellular levels of both Cu2+ and Zn2+ after Cu2+/Zn2+ treatment. Finally, HSA-Trx was found to significantly suppress endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response induced by Cu2+/Zn2+ treatment in a dose dependent manner. These results suggest that HSA-Trx counteracted Cu2+/Zn2+-induced neurotoxicity by suppressing the production of ROS via interfering the related gene expressions, in addition to the highly possible radical scavenging activity of the fusion protein. Based on these findings, HSA-Trx has great potential as a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of refractory neurological diseases.

Matched MeSH terms: Albumins
Fulltext Predictors of survival among end stage renal failure patients undergoing dialysis treatment in Pahang from 2000 to 2004

Hamid, A.J., Azmi, M.T.

Malaysian Journal of Community Health, 2009;15(1):75-84.
MyJurnal

Introduction : A retrospective cohort study was conducted among ESRD who received dialysis treatment (Haemodialysis and CAPD) in all government hospitals in the State of Pahang from 1st January 2000 to 31st December 2004.
Objective : The aim of the study was to identify factors affecting the survival of patients undergoing dialysis in the state of Pahang.
Methods : Survival time was measured from the date of dialysis until the subjects died, lost to follow up or until the end of the study period at 31st December 2004.
Results : Diabetes mellitus was the major cause for ESRD (33%) out of 132 subjects eligible for the study. Seven (7.1%) and five (15.2%) deaths occurred among haemodialysis and CAPD patients respectively, but statistically of no difference between the two treatments (log-rank, p=0.093). Factors influencing the survival of haemodialysis patients were diabetes mellitus (p=0.014), albumin (p=0.0005), creatinine (p=0.020) and hemoglobin level (p=0.002), while age of treatment and diabetes mellitus affecting the survival of CAPD patient. Cox Proportional Hazard Regression showed that haemodialysis subjects with low albumin (HR 0.669 df 95% 0.513 - 0.873) and hemoglobin (HR 0.403 df 95% 0.225 - 0.720) level had lower survival rate but none for CAPD.
Conclusion : Good nutritional status, higher hemoglobin level and prevention of diabetes mellitus are important for the survival of haemodialysis patient.

Matched MeSH terms: Albumins
Fulltext Biodynamics of hepatitis C virus in haemodialysis patients in Pahang

Mohammed Saad, A.M., Mohammed Imad, A.M., Aini, H.H., Seman, M.R.

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2012;11(1):23-30.
MyJurnal

Introduction: HCV infection is frequent in patients undergoing maintenance haemodialysis, with prevalence between 8 and 10%. Hepatitis C has an adverse effect on both patient and graft survival in those who get renal transplants. There are relatively scarce reports on the natural fluctuation in viral load level in patients on chronic haemodialysis. Materials and Methods: This is a longitudinal short-term three months study, where 27 chronic haemodialysis patients infected with known HCV genotypes were recruited from seven haemodialysis centres in Pahang. Serum samples were collected monthly, both pre- and post-haemodialysis sessions, over a period of three months. Viral RNA was extracted from serum using QIAamp Viral RNA Extraction kit (Qiagen). The HCV viral load was measured using one-step reverse transcriptase qPCR (Applied Biosystems) targeting the 5`HCV non-coding region (5’UTR). The serum α-IFN level was measured using commercial ELISA kit (Amersham, UK). Six biochemical liver function tests (AST, ALP, TP, albumin, ALT and TB) were also done for all pre-haemodialysis samples. Results: All patients showed persistent low level viral load that varied significantly over the study period (p = 0.001). HCV genotype 1 viral load was significantly higher than that of genotype 3. Conclusion: No apparent correlation could be recognized between the viral loads and the corresponding interferon-alpha levels which were detectable in only a few patients during the period of study.

Matched MeSH terms: Albumins
Fulltext Blood glucose level and other biochemical changes induced in normal mice by oral Traditional Chinese Medicine complex for diabetes (TCM-D™)

Donald, Koh Fook Chen, Joon, Wah Mak, Soo, Shen Ooi, Kwai Hoe Chong, Kok, Fee Mak

International e-Journal of Science, Medicine & Education, 2012;6(2):24-31.
MyJurnal

Background: A number of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) preparations are being used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Some components of these preparations have biochemical effects other than those of lowering blood glucose and indeed have been used for other medical indications in traditional practice. The primary objective of the study was to determine the effect of the oral mixture of Traditional Chinese Medicine for diabetes (TCM-D™ complex) on blood glucose level and the biochemical changes if any, on the liver (ALT, AST, gamma-GT, albumin, globulin) and renal (blood creatinine, urea) functions in normal mice. The oral mixture is an aqueous extract of four wellknown traditional Chinese medicinal herbs and consists of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim., Paeonia lactiflora Pall., Glycyrrhiza uranlensis Fisch., and Panax ginseng (red) CA Meyer in the proportion of 36%, 28%, 18%, and 18% respectively of the dry weight. These herbs have
been shown to have blood glucose lowering activity and have been used for other traditional medicinal purposes.The safety of the combination was evaluated in the present study. Methods: Experimental Balb/c mice were treated orally via gastric tube with the extract at daily doses equivalent to 1 and 10 times the recommended human dose for 8 weeks. Blood glucose and other biochemical profiles were monitored at pre-treatment and monthly posttreatment until killed. Results: When compared to pre-treatment levels, the blood glucose levels were significantly lower in treated animals compared to those in the control group. At the recommended TCM-D™ dose the levels in treated animals were significantly lower than that of control animals and at pre-treatment. When compared with pre-treatment, the glucose levels were lowest at Week 8 of treatment, the mean levels being 111.23%, 83.32% and 70.33% in control, and in animals given 1 x and 10 x the recommended TCM-D™ dosage respectively. The blood glucose lowering effect was also associated with a significant weight loss in treated animals. There were transient increases in AST and ALT levels but these reverted to normal at Week 8 of treatment. The levels of bilirubin, g-GT, albumin, creatinine and blood urea were also not significantly different at Week 8 from pre-treatment levels in all groups. Conclusion: Even at 10 times the dosage recommended for humans, TCM-D™ did not affect the liver and renal functions of treated animals. Treated and control animals remained healthy and normal throughout the period of observation.

Matched MeSH terms: Albumins
Fulltext Effect of O-linked glycosylation on the antigenicity, cellular uptake and trafficking in dendritic cells of recombinant Ber e 1

Jambari NN, Liddell S, Martinez-Pomares L, Alcocer MJC

PLoS One, 2021;16(4):e0249876.
PMID: 33914740 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249876

Ber e 1, a major Brazil nut allergen, has been successfully produced in the yeast Pichia pastoris expression system as homogenous recombinant Ber e 1 (rBer e 1) with similar physicochemical properties and identical immunoreactivity to its native counterpart, nBer e 1. However, O-linked glycans was detected on the P.pastoris-derived rBer e 1, which is not naturally present in nBer e 1, and may contribute to the allergic sensitisation. In this study, we addressed the glycosylation differences between P. pastoris-derived recombinant Ber e 1 and its native counterparts. We also determined whether this fungal glycosylation could affect the antigenicity and immunogenicity of the rBer e 1 by using dendritic cells (DC) as an immune cell model due to their role in modulating the immune response. We identified that the glycosylation occurs at Ser96, Ser101 and Ser110 on the large chain and Ser19 on the small polypeptide chain of rBer e 1 only. The glycosylation on rBer e 1 was shown to elicit varying degree of antigenicity by binding to different combination of human leukocyte antigens (HLA) at different frequencies compared to nBer e 1 when tested using human DC-T cell assay. However, both forms of Ber e 1 are weak immunogens based from their low response indexes (RI). Glycans present on rBer e 1 were shown to increase the efficiency of the protein recognition and internalization by murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (bmDC) via C-type lectin receptors, particularly the mannose receptor (MR), compared to the non-glycosylated nBer e 1 and SFA8, a weak allergenic 2S albumin protein from sunflower seed. Binding of glycosylated rBer e 1 to MR alone was found to not induce the production of IL-10 that modulates bmDC to polarise Th2 cell response by suppressing IL-12 production and DC maturation. Our findings suggest that the O-linked glycosylation by P. pastoris has a small but measurable effect on the in vitro antigenicity of the rBer e 1 compared to its non-glycosylated counterpart, nBer e 1, and thus may influence its applications in diagnostics and immunotherapy.

Matched MeSH terms: 2S Albumins, Plant/genetics; 2S Albumins, Plant/immunology*; 2S Albumins, Plant/metabolism
Fulltext Ganoderma lucidum and Auricularia polytricha Mushrooms Protect against Carbofuran-Induced Toxicity in Rats

Hossen MS, Billah Prince MM, Tanvir EM, Chowdhury MAZ, Rahman MA, Alam F, et al.

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2018;2018:6254929.
PMID: 29861774 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6254929

The current study aimed to investigate the ameliorative effects of two types of mushrooms, Ganoderma lucidum (GL) and Auricularia polytricha (AP), against carbofuran- (CF) induced toxicity in rats. Male Wistar rats (n = 42) were divided into six equal groups. The rats in the negative control group received oral administration of CF at 1 mg/kg with the normal diet for 28 days. The treatment groups received oral administration of ethanolic extract of GL or AP at 100 mg/kg followed by coadministration of CF at 1 mg/kg with the normal diet for the same experimental period, respectively. In the CF alone treated group, there were significant decreases in the erythrocytic and thrombocytic indices but increases in the concentrations of the total leukocytes, including the agranulocytes. A significant increase in all of the liver function biomarkers except albumin, in lipid profiles except high-density lipoprotein, and in the kidney function markers occurred in the negative control group compared to the rats of the normal control and positive control groups. The coadministration of mushroom extracts significantly ameliorated the toxic effects of the CF. The GL mushroom extract was more efficacious than that of the AP mushroom, possibly due to the presence of high levels of phenolic compounds and other antioxidants in the GL mushroom.

Matched MeSH terms: Albumins
Long-term impact of bariatric surgery in diabetic nephropathy

Young L, Nor Hanipah Z, Brethauer SA, Schauer PR, Aminian A

Surg Endosc, 2019 05;33(5):1654-1660.
PMID: 30251143 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-018-6458-8

BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgery has been shown to improve and resolve diabetes. However, limited literature about its impact on end-organ complications of diabetes is available. The aim of this study was to examine the long-term effect of bariatric surgery on albuminuria.
METHODS: We studied 101 patients with pre-operative diabetes and albuminuria [defined as urine albumin:creatinine ratio (uACR) > 30 mg/g] who underwent bariatric surgery at an academic center from 2005 to 2014.
RESULTS: Fifty-seven patients (56%) were female with a mean age of 53 (± 11) years. The mean pre-operative BMI and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were 43.1 (± 7.6) kg/m2 and 8.4 (± 1.8)%, respectively. The median pre-operative uACR was 80.0 (45.0-231.0) mg/g. Bariatric procedures included Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (n = 75, 74%) and sleeve gastrectomy (n = 26, 26%). The mean follow-up period was 61 (± 29) months. At last follow-up, the mean BMI was 33.8 (± 8.3) kg/m2. The overall glycemic control improved after bariatric surgery. At last follow-up, 73% had good glycemic control (HbA1c

Matched MeSH terms: Albumins/analysis
Fulltext Application of foam-mat drying with egg white for carrageenan: drying rate and product quality aspects

Djaeni M, Prasetyaningrum A, Sasongko SB, Widayat W, Hii CL

J Food Sci Technol, 2015 Feb;52(2):1170-5.
PMID: 25694735 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-013-1081-0

Drying is a significant step in the production of carrageenan. However, current drying process still deals with too long drying time and carrageenan quality degradation. The foam mat drying is an option to speed up drying process as well as retaining carrageenan quality. In this case, the carrageenan was mixed with egg white (albumin) as foaming agent and methyl cellulose for foam stabilizer. The foam will break the carrageenan gels and creates the porous structure resulting higher surface area for water transfer. This research studied the effect of egg white and methyl cellulose on carrageenan drying at various air temperature, and thickness. As a response, the water content versus time was observed and the drying rate was estimated. Meanwhile, the carrageenan texture was verified by X-RD (X-Ray Diffraction) and TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy). Results showed that the presence of egg white stablized by methyl cellulose can speed up drying rate as well as retaining the crystalline structure of carrageenan. The higher albumin content, the faster drying rate. However, the addition of albumin and methyl cellulose restricted not more than 30 % in the mixture for keeping carrageenan quality and purity. By adding egg white 20 % and methyl cellulose 10 %, the water diffusion and drying rate can be two fold compared with carrageenan drying without foam. The improvement can be higher at the higher temperature and thinner carrageenan sheets.

Matched MeSH terms: Albumins
Fulltext Synthesis and Crystallographic Insight into the Structural Aspects of Some Novel Adamantane-Based Ester Derivatives

Kumar CS, Kwong HC, Mah SH, Chia TS, Loh WS, Quah CK, et al.

Molecules, 2015;20(10):18827-46.
PMID: 26501248 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201018827

Adamantyl-based compounds are commercially important in the treatments for neurological conditions and type-2 diabetes, aside from their anti-viral abilities. Their values in drug design are chronicled as multi-dimensional. In the present study, a series of 2-(adamantan-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl benzoates, 2(a-q), and 2-(adamantan-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl 2-pyridinecarboxylate, 2r, were synthesized by reacting 1-adamantyl bromomethyl ketone with various carboxylic acids using potassium carbonate in dimethylformamide medium at room temperature. Three-dimensional structures studied using X-ray diffraction suggest that the adamantyl moiety can serve as an efficient building block to synthesize 2-oxopropyl benzoate derivatives with synclinal conformation with a looser-packed crystal packing system. Compounds 2a, 2b, 2f, 2g, 2i, 2j, 2m, 2n, 2o, 2q and 2r exhibit strong antioxidant activities in the hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging test. Furthermore, three compounds, 2p, 2q and 2r, show good anti-inflammatory activities in the evaluation of albumin denaturation.

Matched MeSH terms: Albumins
Fulltext Influence of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection on level of acute phase proteins in goats

Jeber ZK, MohdJin Z, Jesse FF, Saharee AA, Sabri J, Yusoff R, et al.

BMC Vet Res, 2016;12:48.
PMID: 26961495 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0675-y

Goat caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) is a chronic disease caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. However, there is paucity of data about goat's acute phase response during the course of CLA. This study was conducted to investigate the response of acute phase proteins, mainly haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA) and the negative acute phase response, especially albumin after an experimental challenge of C. pseudotuberculosis and phospholipase D (PLD) in Cross bred Boer goats.

Matched MeSH terms: Albumins
Protein decomplexation and proteomics: A complementary assessment method of the physicochemical purity of antivenom

Tan CH, Liew JL, Chong HP, Tan NH

Biologicals, 2021 Jan;69:22-29.
PMID: 33431232 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2020.12.004

The quality of antivenom is governed by its safety and efficacy profiles. These quality characteristics are much influenced by the purity of antivenom content. Rigorous assessment and meticulous monitoring of antivenom purity at the preclinical setting is hence crucial. This study aimed to explore an integrative proteomic method to assess the physicochemical purity of four commercially available antivenoms in the region. The antivenoms were subjected to Superdex 200 HR 10/30 size-exclusion fast-protein liquid chromatography (SE-FPLC). The proteins in each fraction were trypsin-digested and analyzed by nano-ESI-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). SE-FPLC resolved the antivenom proteins into three major protein components of very high (>200 kDa), high (100-120 kDa) and medium (<60 kDa) molecular weights. The major components (80-95% of total proteins) in the antivenoms were proteins of 100-120 kDa consisting of mainly the light and partially digested heavy immunoglobulin chains, consistent with F(ab')2 as the active principle of the antivenoms. However, LC-MS/MS also detected substantial quantity of large proteins (e.g. alpha-2-macroglobulins), immunoglobulin aggregates and impurities e.g. albumins in some products. The method is practical and able to unveil the quantitative and qualitative aspects of antivenom protein compositions. It is therefore a potentially useful preclinical assessment tool of antivenom purity.

Matched MeSH terms: Albumins
Fulltext Assessing SABU (Serum Anti Bisa Ular), the sole Indonesian antivenom: A proteomic analysis and neutralization efficacy study

Tan CH, Liew JL, Tan KY, Tan NH

Sci Rep, 2016 11 21;6:37299.
PMID: 27869134 DOI: 10.1038/srep37299

Serum Anti Ular Bisa (SABU) is the only snake antivenom produced locally in Indonesia; however, its effectiveness has not been rigorously evaluated. This study aimed to assess the protein composition and neutralization efficacy of SABU. SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, size-exclusion liquid chromatography and shotgun proteomics revealed that SABU consists of F(ab')2 but a significant amount of dimers, protein aggregates and contaminant albumins. SABU moderately neutralized Calloselasma rhodostoma venom (potency of 12.7 mg venom neutralized per ml antivenom, or 121.8 mg venom per g antivenom protein) and Bungarus fasciatus venom (0.9 mg/ml; 8.5 mg/g) but it was weak against the venoms of Naja sputatrix (0.3 mg/ml; 2.9 mg/g), Naja sumatrana (0.2 mg/ml; 1.8 mg/g) and Bungarus candidus (0.1 mg/ml; 1.0 mg/g). In comparison, NPAV, the Thai Neuro Polyvalent Antivenom, outperformed SABU with greater potencies against the venoms of N. sputatrix (0.6 mg/ml; 8.3 mg/g), N. sumatrana (0.5 mg/ml; 7.1 mg/g) and B. candidus (1.7 mg/ml; 23.2 mg/g). The inferior efficacy of SABU implies that a large antivenom dose is required clinically for effective treatment. Besides, the antivenom contains numerous impurities e.g., albumins that greatly increase the risk of hypersensitivity. Together, the findings indicate that the production of SABU warrants further improvement.

Matched MeSH terms: Albumins

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