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Various polar tripeptides as asymmetric organocatalyst in direct aldol reactions in aqueous media

Bayat S, Tejo BA, Salleh AB, Abdmalek E, Normi YM, Abdul Rahman MB

Chirality, 2013 Nov;25(11):726-34.
PMID: 23966316 DOI: 10.1002/chir.22205

A series of tripeptide organocatalysts containing a secondary amine group and two amino acids with polar side chain units were developed and evaluated in the direct asymmetric intermolecular aldol reaction of 4-nitrobenzaldehyde and cyclohexanone. The effectiveness of short polar peptides as asymmetric catalysts in aldol reactions to attain high yields of enantio- and diastereoselective isomers were investigated. In a comparison, glutamic acid and histidine produced higher % ee and yields when they were applied as the second amino acid in short trimeric peptides. These short polar peptides were found to be efficient organocatalysts for the asymmetric aldol addition reaction in aqueous media.

Matched MeSH terms: Aldehydes/chemistry*
Varieties, production, composition and health benefits of vinegars: A review

Ho CW, Lazim AM, Fazry S, Zaki UKHH, Lim SJ

Food Chem, 2017 Apr 15;221:1621-1630.
PMID: 27979138 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.10.128

Vinegars are liquid products produced from the alcoholic and subsequent acetous fermentation of carbohydrate sources. They have been used as remedies in many cultures and have been reported to provide beneficial health effects when consumed regularly. Such benefits are due to various types of polyphenols, micronutrients and other bioactive compounds found in vinegars that contribute to their pharmacological effects, among them, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antioxidative, antiobesity and antihypertensive effects. There are many types of vinegars worldwide, including black vinegar, rice vinegar, balsamic vinegar and white wine vinegar. All these vinegars are produced using different raw materials, yeast strains and fermentation procedures, thus giving them their own unique tastes and flavours. The main volatile compound in vinegar is acetic acid, which gives vinegar its strong, sour aroma and flavour. Other volatile compounds present in vinegars are mainly alcohols, acids, esters, aldehydes and ketones. The diversity of vinegars allows extensive applications in food.

Matched MeSH terms: Aldehydes/analysis
Fulltext Total synthesis, cytotoxic effects of damnacanthal, nordamnacanthal and related anthraquinone analogues

Akhtar MN, Zareen S, Yeap SK, Ho WY, Lo KM, Hasan A, et al.

Molecules, 2013 Aug 20;18(8):10042-55.
PMID: 23966087 DOI: 10.3390/molecules180810042

Naturally occurring anthraquinones, damnacanthal (1) and nordamnacanthal (2) were synthesized with modified reaction steps and investigated for their cytotoxicity against the MCF-7 and K-562 cancer cell lines, respectively. Intermediate analogues 2-bromomethyl-1,3-dimethoxyanthraquinone (5, IC50 = 5.70 ± 0.21 and 8.50 ± 1.18 mg/mL), 2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dimethoxyanthraquinone (6, IC50 = 12.10 ± 0.14 and 14.00 ± 2.13), 2-formyl-1,3-dimethoxyantharquinone (7, IC50 = 13.10 ± 1.02 and 14.80 ± 0.74), 1,3-dimethoxy-2-methylanthraquinone (4, IC50 = 9.40 ± 3.51 and 28.40 ± 2.33), and 1,3-dihydroxy-2-methylanthraquinone (3, IC50 = 25.60 ± 0.42 and 28.40 ± 0.79) also exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and K-562 cancer cell lines, respectively. Other structurally related compounds like 1,3-dihydroxyanthraquinone (13a, IC50 = 19.70 ± 0.35 and 14.50 ± 1.28), 1,3-dimethoxyanthraquinone (13b, IC50 = 6.50 ± 0.66 and 5.90 ± 0.95) were also showed good cytotoxicity. The target compound damnacanthal (1) was found to be the most cytotoxic against the MCF-7 and K-562 cancer cell lines, with IC50 values of 3.80 ± 0.57 and 5.50 ± 1.26, respectively. The structures of all compounds were elucidated with the help of detailed spectroscopic techniques.

Matched MeSH terms: Aldehydes/pharmacology; Aldehydes/chemistry*
Fulltext The therapeutic potential of curcumin in alleviating N-diethylnitrosamine and iron nitrilotriacetate induced renal cell tumours in mice via inhibition of oxidative stress: Implications for cancer chemoprevention

Iqbal M, Shah MD, Vun-Sang S, Okazaki Y, Okada S

Biomed Pharmacother, 2021 Jul;139:111636.
PMID: 33957566 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111636

This study was designed to reveal the protective effects of dietary supplementation of curcumin against renal cell tumours and oxidative stress induced by renal carcinogen iron nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA) in ddY male mice. The results showed that mice treated with a renal carcinogen, Fe-NTA, a 35% renal cell tumour incidence was noticed, whereas renal cell tumour occurrence was elevated to 80% in Fe-NTA promoted and N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-initiated mice as compared with saline- treated mice. No incidence of tumours has been observed in DEN-initiated non-promoted mice. Diet complemented with 0.5% and 1.0% curcumin fed prior to, during and after treatment with Fe-NTA in DEN-initiated animals, tumour incidence was reduced dose-dependently to about 45% and 30% respectively. Immunohistochemical studies also revealed the increased formation of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE)-modified protein adducts and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in kidney tissue of mice treated with an intraperitoneal injection of Fe-NTA (6.0 mg Fe/kg body weight.). Furthermore, Fe-NTA treatment of mice also resulted in significant elevation of malondialdehyde (MDA), serum urea, and creatinine and decreases renal glutathione. However, the changes in most of these parameters were attenuated dose-dependently by prophylactic treatment of animals with 0.5% and 1% curcumin diet, this may be due to its antioxidative impact of curcumin. These results suggest that intake of curcumin is beneficial for the prevention of renal cell tumours and oxidative stress damage mediated by renal carcinogen, Fe-NTA.

Matched MeSH terms: Aldehydes
Fulltext The effect of 5-week exercise program on oxidative stress and response to acute exercise among sedentary subjects

Farah Fauzi, Siti Balkis Budin, Shahrul Azwan, Leong, Kok Yuen

Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2007;5(2):39-52.
MyJurnal

Physical training is associated with oxidative stress and improvement in blood antioxidant status. In this study, we investigated the effects of training on plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) as markers of lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and ascorbic acid (AA) after a single bout of acute exercise. Twelve healthy, untrained young adult men were recruited for 5 weeks of aerobic training period. They were subjected to a rope-skipping exercise for 20 minutes at the intensity of 65-80% of heart rate reserve, thrice weekly. They also had to perform a single, acute bout of the same exercise protocol prior to and after training period. Venous blood samples were collected at resting condition (BL), immediately (0 h) and 24 hours (24 h) post acute exercise on both single bout sessions. Results showed that the pattern changes of oxidative stress response are quite similar on both acute sessions. The acute bouts of rope-skipping is associated with a significant increased (p = 0.001) in lipid peroxidation markers immediately after cessation of exercise, with a concomitant increases in antioxidant levels, albeit higher when compared to pre-training values (p = 0.001). These changes were followed by a significant decreased (p = 0.001) in all parameters, toward resting values, 24 hours thereafter. The training program seemed to induce a significant increase in MDA and 4-1-INE but also enhanced the antioxidant defense system namely SOD and AA among the untrained subjects.

Matched MeSH terms: Aldehydes
Fulltext The Biological Activities of Oleocanthal from a Molecular Perspective

Pang KL, Chin KY

Nutrients, 2018 May 06;10(5).
PMID: 29734791 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050570

Oleocanthal is a minor constituent of olive oil with strong anti-inflammatory activities. Since the pathogenesis of many chronic diseases involves inflammatory and oxidative components, oleocanthal is a promising agent to prevent these conditions. This review aimed to summarise the current beneficial health effects of oleocanthal and the molecular basis of its biological actions. The anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antimicrobial, anticancer and neuroprotective activities of oleocanthal have been examined by previous studies. Of these, studies on the anticancer effects have been the most extensive. Oleocanthal was reported to suppress melanoma, breast, liver, and colon cancer cells. Neurological studies focused on the effects of oleocanthal against Alzheimer’s disease. Oleocanthal improved clearance of the amyloid beta protein from neurons and reduced the inflammation of astrocytes. Despite the positive results, validation of the biological effects of oleocanthal in animal disease models is limited and should be emphasized in the future. As a conclusion, oleocanthal may act together with other bioactive compounds in olive oil to achieve its therapeutic potential. The use of oleocanthal alone as a single therapeutic measure awaits validation from future studies.

Matched MeSH terms: Aldehydes/pharmacology*
Fulltext Tentative identification of volatile flavor compounds in commercial Budu, a Malaysian fish sauce, using GC-MS

Mohamed HN, Man YC, Mustafa S, Manap YA

Molecules, 2012 May 03;17(5):5062-80.
PMID: 22555296 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17055062

Budu is a famous Malaysian fish sauce, usually used as seasoning and condiment in cooking. Budu is produced by mixing fish and salt at certain ratio followed by fermentation for six months in closed tanks. In this study, four commercial brands of Budu were analyzed for their chemical properties (pH, salt content and volatile compounds). The pH of Budu samples ranged from 4.50-4.92, while the salt (NaCl) content ranged between 11.80% and 22.50% (w/v). For tentative identification of volatile flavor compounds in Budu, two GC columns have been used, DB-WAX and HP-5MS. A total of 44 volatile compounds have been detected and 16 were common for both columns. 3-Methyl-1-butanol, 2-methylbutanal, 3-methylbutanal, dimethyl disulfide, 3-(methylthio)-propanal, 3-methylbutanoic acid and benzaldehye have been identified as the aroma-active compounds in Budu due to their lower threshold values.

Matched MeSH terms: Aldehydes/analysis
Synthesis, structure, solution behavior, reactivity and biological evaluation of oxidovanadium(iv/v) thiosemicarbazone complexes

Saswati, Adão P, Majumder S, Dash SP, Roy S, Kuznetsov ML, et al.

Dalton Trans, 2018 Aug 21;47(33):11358-11374.
PMID: 30059099 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01668b

The synthesis and characterization of an oxidovanadium(iv) [VIVO(L)(acac)] (1) and of two dioxidovanadium(v) [VVO2(L')] (2) and [VVO2(L)] (2a) complexes of the Schiff base formed from the reaction of 4-(p-fluorophenyl) thiosemicarbazone with pyridine-2-aldehyde (HL) are described. The oxidovanadium(iv) species [VIVO(L)(acac)] (1) was synthesized by the reaction of VIVO(acac)2 with the thiosemicarbazone HL in refluxing ethanol. The recrystallization of [VIVO(L)(acac)] (1) in DMF, CH3CN or EtOH gave the same product i.e. the dioxidovanadium(v) complex [VVO2(L)] (2a); however, upon recrystallization of 1 in DMSO a distinct compound [VVO2(L')] (2) was formed, wherein the original ligand L- is transformed to a rearranged one, L'-. In the presence of DMSO the ligand in complex 1 is found to undergo methylation at the carbon centre attached to imine nitrogen (aldimine) and transformed to the corresponding VVO2-species through in situ reaction. The synthesized HL and the metal complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV-Vis, NMR and EPR spectroscopy. The molecular structure of [VVO2(L')] (2) was determined by single crystal X-ray crystallography. The methylation of various other ligands and complexes prepared from different vanadium precursors under similar reaction conditions was also attempted and it was confirmed that the imine methylation observed is both ligand and metal precursor specific. Complexes 1 and 2 show in vitro insulin-like activity against insulin responsive L6 myoblast cells, higher than VIVO(acac)2, with complex 1 being more potent. In addition, the in vitro cytotoxicity studies of HL, and of complexes 1 and 2 against the MCF-7 and Vero cell lines were also done. The ligand is not cytotoxic and complex 2 is significantly more cytotoxic than 1. DAPI staining experiments indicate that an increase in the time of incubation and an increase of concentration of the complexes lead to the increase in cell death.

Matched MeSH terms: Aldehydes
Fulltext Synthesis, characterizations and anti-corrosion screening of Sadimine and Brosadamine

Siti Noriah Mohd Shotor, Nur Anis Atirah Zulkiflee

Journal of Academia Universiti Teknologi MARA Negeri Sembilan, 2020;8(2):1-8.
MyJurnal

This paper deals with a review of the inhibition activity of a Schiff bases on the deterioration of mild steel in hydrochloric acid media. Two Schiff base ligands namely N,N’- Bis(salicylidene) ethylenediamine (Sadimine) and N,N’-Bis(bromosalicylidene)- ethylenediamine (Brosadimine) were synthesized from the condensation reactions of salicylaldehyde or 5-bromosalicylaldehyde with ethylenediamine respectively and evaluated as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1 M HCl solution using weight loss method. The use of inhibitors is one of the most practical methods for protection of mild steel against corrosion in acidic media. Schiff bases are widely being employed in such applications. This paper highlights the influence of structure–inhibition activity relationship of Schiff base compounds
on their performance as corrosion inhibitors of mild steel in acid media. Sadimine and
Brosadimine show appreciable corrosion inhibition efficiency against the corrosion of mild
steel in 1 M HCl solution at room temperature. It has been found that Brosadimine shows
greater corrosion inhibition efficiency than Sadimine due to extra halogen group presence in
the structure. As the concentration of studied inhibitors increases, the corrosion inhibition
efficiency of the prepared compounds also increases. This study demonstrated that corrosion
inhibitors for metals and alloys can preserve the quality and life of metals from corrosion.

Matched MeSH terms: Aldehydes
Synthesis, characterization, monoamine oxidase inhibition, molecular docking and dynamic simulations of novel 2,1-benzothiazine-2,2-dioxide derivatives

Ahmad S, Zaib S, Jalil S, Shafiq M, Ahmad M, Sultan S, et al.

Bioorg Chem, 2018 10;80:498-510.
PMID: 29996111 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.04.012

In this research work, we report the synthesis and biological evaluation of two new series of 1-benzyl-4-(benzylidenehydrazono)-3,4-dihydro-1H-benzo[c] [1,2]thiazine 2,2-dioxides and 1-benzyl-4-((1-phenylethylidene)hydrazono)-3,4-dihydro-1H-benzo[c][1,2]thiazine 2,2-dioxides. The synthetic plan involves the mesylation of methyl anthranilate with subsequent N-benzylation of the product. The methyl 2-(N-benzylmethylsulfonamido)benzoate was subjected to cyclization reaction in the presence of sodium hydride to obtain 1-benzyl-1H-benzo[c][1,2]thiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide which was treated with hydrazine hydrate to get corresponding hydrazone precursor. Finally, the titled compounds were obtained by reaction of hydrazone with various substituted aldehydes and ketones. The synthesized derivatives were subjected to carry out their inhibition activities against monoamine oxidases along with modelling investigations to evaluate their binding interactions and dynamic stability during the docking studies. The inhibition profile of potent compounds was found as competitive for both the isozymes. The compounds were more selective inhibitors of MAO-A as compared to MAO-B. Moreover, drug likeness profile of the derivatives was evaluated to have an additional insight into the physicochemical properties. The molecular dynamic simulations predicted the behaviour of amino acids with the active site residues.

Matched MeSH terms: Aldehydes
Synthesis, bioactivity and binding energy calculations of novel 3-ethoxysalicylaldehyde based thiosemicarbazone derivatives

Ishaq M, Taslimi P, Shafiq Z, Khan S, Ekhteiari Salmas R, Zangeneh MM, et al.

Bioorg Chem, 2020 07;100:103924.
PMID: 32442818 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103924

In recent decade, the entrance of α-N-heterocyclic thiosemicarbazones derivates (Triapne, COTI-2 and DpC) in clinical trials for cancer and HIV-1 has vastly increased the interests of medicinal chemists towards this class of organic compounds. In the given study, a series of eighteen new (3a-r) 3-ethoxy salicylaldehyde-based thiosemicarbazones (TSC), bearing aryl and cycloalkyl substituents, were synthesized and assayed for their pharmacological potential against carbonic anhydrases (hCA I and hCA II), cholinesterases (AChE and BChE) and α-glycosidase. The hCA I isoform was inhibited by these novel 3-ethoxysalicylaldehyde thiosemicarbazone derivatives (3a-r) in low nanomolar levels, the Ki of which differed between 144.18 ± 26.74 and 454.92 ± 48.32 nM. Against the physiologically dominant isoform hCA II, the novel compounds demonstrated Kis varying from 110.54 ± 14.05 to 444.12 ± 36.08 nM. Also, these novel derivatives (3a-r) effectively inhibited AChE, with Ki values in the range of 385.38 ± 45.03 to 983.04 ± 104.64 nM. For BChE was obtained with Ki values in the range of 400.21 ± 35.68 to 1003.02 ± 154.27 nM. For α-glycosidase the most effective Ki values of 3l, 3n, and 3q were with Ki values of 12.85 ± 1.05, 16.03 ± 2.84, and 19.16 ± 2.66 nM, respectively. Moreover, the synthesized TCSs were simulated using force field methods whereas the binding energies of the selected compounds were estimated using MM-GBSA method. The findings indicate the present novel 3-ethoxy salicylaldehyde-based thiosemicarbazones to be excellent hits for pharmaceutical applications.

Matched MeSH terms: Aldehydes/chemical synthesis; Aldehydes/pharmacology; Aldehydes/chemistry*
Fulltext Synthesis and discovery of new bisadducts derived from heterocyclic aldehydes and active methylene compounds as potent antitubercular agents

Asad M, Oo CW, Kumar RS, Osman H, Ali MA

Acta Pol Pharm, 2013 Mar-Apr;70(2):221-8.
PMID: 23614277

A series of some new bisadducts possessing five, six membered and coumarin subunits were synthesized by the condensation of heterocyclic aldehydes with active methylene compounds and characterized by IR, NMR and X-ray crystallographic studies and were assayed as antitubercular agents. Among the bisadducts, 4-hydroxy-3-[(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2H-3-chromenyl)(3-thienyl)methyl]-2H-2-chromenone 3a was found to be the most promising compound, active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) H37Rv and isoniazid resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (INHR-Mtb) with minimum inhibitory concentration 5.22 and 8.34 microM, respectively.

Matched MeSH terms: Aldehydes/chemical synthesis*; Aldehydes/pharmacology*
Fulltext Synthesis and characterisation of Mononuclear and Tetranuclear Zinc (II) complexes of Schiff bases derived from Phenylenediamine

Hadariah Bahron, Siti Solihah Khaidir, Amalina Mohd Tajuddin, Syed Abdul Illah Alyahya Syed Abd Kadir

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2017;25(103):309-316.
MyJurnal

A mononuclear and new tetranuclear metal complexes of Zn(II) with Schiff base ligands L1 and L2 respectively, were synthesised. L1 was obtained through the condensation of salicylaldehyde with ortho-phenylenediamine while L2 was the product of reaction between of ortho-vanillin with 2,4,6-trimethyl-m-phenylenediamine. The ligands and complexes were characterised via elemental analysis, melting point, IR and NMR spectroscopy. The shifting of v(C=N), v(C-OH) and v(O-CH3) infrared peaks upon coordination with Zn(II) indicated that these three moieties play a significant role in the complexation. It was found that L1 acted as tetradentate ligand, coordinating with Zn(II) centres through phenolic oxygen and imine nitrogen. The ligand L2 acted as a hexadentate ligand, bonded to metal via phenolic oxygen, imine nitrogen and methoxy oxygen, where four Zn(II) centres formed bridges to connect two ligands.

Matched MeSH terms: Aldehydes; Benzaldehydes
Fulltext Subchronic toxicity, immunoregulation and anti-breast tumor effect of Nordamnacantal, an anthraquinone extracted from the stems of Morinda citrifolia L

Abu N, Zamberi NR, Yeap SK, Nordin N, Mohamad NE, Romli MF, et al.

BMC Complement Altern Med, 2018 Jan 27;18(1):31.
PMID: 29374471 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2102-3

BACKGROUND: Morinda citrifolia L. that was reported with immunomodulating and cytotoxic effects has been traditionally used to treat multiple illnesses including cancer. An anthraquinone derived from fruits of Morinda citrifolia L., nordamnacanthal, is a promising agent possessing several in vitro biological activities. However, the in vivo anti-tumor effects and the safety profile of nordamnacanthal are yet to be evaluated.
METHODS: In vitro cytotoxicity of nordamnacanthal was tested using MTT, cell cycle and Annexin V/PI assays on human MCF-7 and MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells. Mice were orally fed with nordamnacanthal daily for 28 days for oral subchronic toxicity study. Then, the in vivo anti-tumor effect was evaluated on 4T1 murine cancer cells-challenged mice. Changes of tumor size and immune parameters were evaluated on the untreated and nordamnacanthal treated mice.
RESULTS: Nordamnacanthal was found to possess cytotoxic effects on MDA-MB231, MCF-7 and 4T1 cells in vitro. Moreover, based on the cell cycle and Annexin V results, nordamnacanthal managed to induce cell death in both MDA-MB231 and MCF-7 cells. Additionally, no mortality, signs of toxicity and changes of serum liver profile were observed in nordamnacanthal treated mice in the subchronic toxicity study. Furthermore, 50 mg/kg body weight of nordamncanthal successfully delayed the progression of 4T1 tumors in Balb/C mice after 28 days of treatment. Treatment with nordamnacanthal was also able to increase tumor immunity as evidenced by the immunophenotyping of the spleen and YAC-1 cytotoxicity assays.
CONCLUSION: Nordamnacanthal managed to inhibit the growth and induce cell death in MDA-MB231 and MCF-7 cell lines in vitro and cease the tumor progression of 4T1 cells in vivo. Overall, nordamnacanthal holds interesting anti-cancer properties that can be further explored.

Matched MeSH terms: Aldehydes/pharmacology*; Aldehydes/toxicity; Aldehydes/chemistry
Strain-related physiological and behavioral effects of Skeletonema marinoi on three common planktonic copepods

Md Amin R, Koski M, Båmstedt U, Vidoudez C

Mar Biol, 2011;158(9):1965-1980.
PMID: 24391269

Three strains of the chain-forming diatom Skeletonema marinoi, differing in their production of polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUA) and nutritional food components, were used in experiments on feeding, egg production, hatching success, pellet production, and behavior of three common planktonic copepods: Acartia tonsa, Pseudocalanus elongatus, and Temora longicornis. The three different diatom strains (9B, 1G, and 7J) induced widely different effects on Acartia tonsa physiology, and the 9B strain induced different effects for the three copepods. In contrast, different strains induced no or small alterations in the distribution, swimming behavior, and turning frequency of the copepods. 22:6(n-3) fatty acid (DHA) and sterol content of the diet typically showed a positive effect on either egg production (A. tonsa) or hatching success (P. elongatus), while other measured compounds (PUA, other long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids) of the algae had no obvious effects. Our results demonstrate that differences between strains of a given diatom species can generate effects on copepod physiology, which are as large as those induced by different algae species or groups. This emphasizes the need to identify the specific characteristics of local diatoms together with the interacting effects of different mineral, biochemical, and toxic compounds and their potential implications on different copepod species.

Matched MeSH terms: Aldehydes
Separation of geraniol from citronellol by selective oxidation of geraniol to geranial

Jalifah binti Latip, Daniel Chong Jun Weng, Siti Aishah binti Hasbullah, Harjono Sastrohamidjojo

Sains Malaysiana, 2015;44:1183-1188.

Rhodinol is a mixture of geraniol and citronellol. It is the second fraction in fractional distillation of commercially grown Cymbopogon nardus. The physical and chemical similarities of these two compounds made them inseparable. The individual use of each compound is of great importance. A selective oxidation (hydrogen peroxide activated by platinum black) of geraniol (in rhodinol) to geranial was done while remaining citronellol intact in order to separate the two compounds into different chemical functionality. A yield of 81% geranial achieved while minimizing citronellal formation from citronellol to 17%. Chemical separation using sodium hydrogen sulfite (NaHSO3) was done to separate the aldehydes from the unreacted citronellol. Purification using fractional distillation was done to obtain pure geraniol and remove minor fraction of citronellal.

Matched MeSH terms: Aldehydes
Sensitive silica-alumina modified capacitive non-Faradaic glucose sensor for gestational diabetes

Chen L, Xie W, Luo Y, Ding X, Fu B, Gopinath SCB, et al.

Biotechnol Appl Biochem, 2021 Mar 30.
PMID: 33786878 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2155

A highly sensitive silica-alumina (Si-Al)-modified capacitive non-Faradaic glucose biosensor was introduced to monitor gestational diabetes. Glucose oxidase (GOx) was attached to the Si-Al electrode surface as the probe through amine-modification followed by glutaraldehyde premixed GOx as aldehyde-amine chemistry. This Si-Al (∼50 nm) modified electrode surface has increased the current flow upon binding of GOx with glucose. Capacitance values were increased by increasing the glucose concentrations. A mean capacitance value was plotted and the detection limit was found as 0.03 mg/mL with the regression coefficient value, R² = 0.9782 [y = 0.8391x + 1.338] on the linear range between 0.03 and 1 mg/mL. Further, a biofouling experiment with fructose and galactose did not increase the capacitance, indicating the specific glucose detection. This Si-Al-modified capacitance sensor detects a lower level of glucose presence and helps in monitoring gestational diabetes.

Matched MeSH terms: Aldehydes
Fulltext Sensing study of quinoxaline analogues with theoretical calculation, single-crystal X-ray structure and real application in commercial fruit juices

Chakraborty S, Goswami S, Quah CK, Pakhira B

R Soc Open Sci, 2018 Jun;5(6):180149.
PMID: 30110468 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.180149

Single-crystal X-ray structures of dimeric quinoxaline aldehyde (QA), quinoxaline dihydrazone (DHQ) and HQNM (Goswami S et al. 2013 Tetrahedron Lett.54, 5075-5077. (doi:10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.07.051); Goswami S et al. 2014 RSC Adv.4, 20 922-20 926. (doi:10.1039/C4RA00594E); Goswami S et al. 2014 New J. Chem.38, 6230-6235. (doi:10.1039/C4NJ01498G)) are reported along with the theoretical study. Among them, QA is not acting as an active probe, but DHQ and HQNM are serving as selective and sensitive probe for the Fe3+ cation and the Ni2+ cation, respectively. DHQ can also detect the Fe3+ in commercial fruit juices (grape and pomegranate).

Matched MeSH terms: Aldehydes
Fulltext Safrana l Prevents Prostate Cancer Recurrence by Blocking the Re-activation of Quiescent Cancer Cells via Downregulation of S-Phase Kinase-Associated Protein 2

Jiang X, Li Y, Feng JL, Nik Nabil WN, Wu R, Lu Y, et al.

Front Cell Dev Biol, 2020;8:598620.
PMID: 33392189 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.598620

The re-proliferation of quiescent cancer cells is considered to be the primary contributor to prostate cancer (Pca) recurrence and progression. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of safranal, a monoterpene aldehyde isolated from Crocus sativus (saffron), on the re-proliferation of quiescent Pca cells in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that safranal efficiently blocked the re-activation of quiescent Pca cells by downregulating the G0/G1 cell cycle regulatory proteins CDK2, CDK4, CDK6, and phospho-Rb at Ser807/811 and elevating the levels of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, p21 and p27. Further investigation on the underlying mechanisms revealed that safranal suppressed the mRNA and protein expression levels of Skp2, possibly through the deregulation of the transcriptional activity of two major transcriptional factors, E2F1 and NF-κB subunits. Moreover, safranal inhibited AKT phosphorylation at Ser473 and deregulated both canonical and non-canonical NF-κB signaling pathways. Safranal suppressed the tumor growth of quiescent Pca cell xenografts in vivo. Furthermore, safranal-treated tumor tissues exhibited a reduction in Skp2, E2F1, NF-κB p65, p-IκBα (Ser32), c-MYC, p-Rb (Ser807), CDK4, CDK6, and CDK2 and an elevation of p27 and p21 protein levels. Therefore, our findings demonstrate that safranal suppresses cell cycle re-entry of quiescent Pca cells in vitro and in vivo plausibly by repressing the transcriptional activity of two major transcriptional activators of Skp2, namely, E2F1 and NF-κB, through the downregulation of AKT phosphorylation and NF-κB signaling pathways, respectively.

Matched MeSH terms: Aldehydes
Release of offensive odorants from the combustion of barbecue charcoals

Mahmudur Rahman M, Kim KH

J Hazard Mater, 2012 May 15;215-216:233-42.
PMID: 22424818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.02.055

A number of offensive odorants including volatile organic compounds (VOCs), reduced sulfur compounds (RSCs), carbonyls, and ammonia were measured along with several reference pollutants (like benzene (B), CS(2), SO(2), CO, and total hydrocarbon (THC)) from combusted fumes of barbecue charcoals produced from five different countries (Korea, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, and the US). Although the emission concentrations of most odorants were generally below the reference guideline set by the malodor prevention law in Korea, the mean concentration of some aldehydes (acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, and isovaleraldehyde) and ammonia exceeded those guidelines. As such, aldehydes were the most dominant odorant released from charcoal combustion followed by VOC and ammonia. If odorant levels of charcoal products are compared, there are great distinctions between the products of different countries. If comparison is made using the concept of the sum of odor intensity (SOI), the magnitude of SOI for the charcoal products from the five different countries varied in the order of 4.30 (Korea), 3.10 (Indonesia), 2.97 (China), 2.76 (Malaysia), and 2.76 (the US).

Matched MeSH terms: Aldehydes/analysis

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