Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 69 in total

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  1. Zafar MN, Butt AM, Chaudhry GE, Perveen F, Nazar MF, Masood S, et al.
    J Inorg Biochem, 2021 11;224:111590.
    PMID: 34507110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111590
    The bidentate N-(1-Alkylpyridin-4(1H)-ylidene)amide (PYA) pro-ligands [H2LBn][Cl]2 (2), and [H2LMe][TfO]2 (3) were prepared by simple alkylation reactions of the known compound, N,N-di(pyridin-4-yl)oxalamide (H2L, 1). The Pd(II) complexes, [Pd(LBn)2][Cl]2 (4), [Pd(LMe)2][Cl][TfO] (5), Pd(LBn)Cl2 (6) and Pd(LMe)Cl2 (7) were synthesized through reactions between these pro-ligands and suitable Pd(II) substrates in the presence of base. The molecular structures of 3 and 6 were obtained by single crystal X-ray structure determinations. Studies of the experimental and computational DNA binding interactions of the compounds 1-7 revealed that overall 4 and 6 have the largest values for the binding parameters Kb and ΔGbo. The results showed a good correlation with the steric and electronic parameters obtained by quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) studies. In-vitro cytotoxicity studies against four different cell lines showed that the human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7, T47D and cervical cancer cell line HeLa had either higher or similar sensitivities towards 4, 6 and 2, respectively, compared to cisplatin. In general, the cytotoxicity of the compounds, represented by IC50 values, decreased in the order 4 > 6 > 2 > 5 > 3 > 1 > 7 in cancer cell lines. Apoptosis contributed significantly to the cytotoxic effects of these anticancer agents as evaluated by apoptosis studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Amides/chemistry*
  2. Yusof ENM, Tahir MIM, Ravoof TBSA, Tan SL, Tiekink ERT
    Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun, 2017 Apr 01;73(Pt 4):543-549.
    PMID: 28435717 DOI: 10.1107/S2056989017003991
    The title di-thio-carbazate ester (I), C18H18N2S2 [systematic name: (E)-4-methyl-benzyl 2-[(E)-3-phenyl-allyl-idene]hydrazinecarbodi-thio-ate, comprises an almost planar central CN2S2 residue [r.m.s. deviation = 0.0131 Å]. The methyl-ene(tolyl-4) group forms a dihedral angle of 72.25 (4)° with the best plane through the remaining non-hydrogen atoms [r.m.s. deviation = 0.0586 Å] so the mol-ecule approximates mirror symmetry with the 4-tolyl group bis-ected by the plane. The configuration about both double bonds in the N-N=C-C=C chain is E; the chain has an all trans conformation. In the crystal, eight-membered centrosymmetric thio-amide synthons, {⋯HNCS}2, are formed via N-H⋯S(thione) hydrogen bonds. Connections between the dimers via C-H⋯π inter-actions lead to a three-dimensional architecture. A Hirshfeld surface analysis shows that (I) possesses an inter-action profile similar to that of a closely related analogue with an S-bound benzyl substituent, (II). Computational chemistry indicates the dimeric species of (II) connected via N-H⋯S hydrogen bonds is about 0.94 kcal mol(-1) more stable than that in (I).
    Matched MeSH terms: Amides
  3. Yakasai, M.H., Rahman, M.F., Khayat, M.E., Shukor, M.Y., Shamaan, N.A., Rahim, M.B.H.A.
    MyJurnal
    The presence of both heavy metals and organic xenobiotic pollutants in a contaminated site
    justifies the application of either a multitude of microbial degraders or microorganisms having
    the capacity to detoxify a number of pollutants at the same time. Molybdenum is an essential
    heavy metal that is toxic to ruminants at a high level. Ruminants such as cow and goats
    experience severe hypocuprosis leading to scouring and death at a concentration as low as
    several parts per million. In this study, a molybdenum-reducing bacterium with amide-degrading
    capacity has been isolated from contaminated soils. The bacterium, using glucose as the best
    electron donor reduces molybdenum in the form of sodium molybdate to molybdenum blue. The
    maximal pH reduction occurs between 6.0 and 6.3, and the bacterium showed an excellent
    reduction in temperatures between 25 and 40 oC. The reduction was maximal at molybdate
    concentrations of between 15 and 25 mM. Molybdenum reduction incidentally was inhibited by
    several toxic heavy metals. Other carbon sources including toxic xenobiotics such as amides
    were screened for their ability to support molybdate reduction. Of all the amides, only
    acrylamide can support molybdenum reduction. The other amides; such as acetamide and
    propionamide can support growth. Analysis using phylogenetic analysis resulted in a tentative
    identification of the bacterium as Pseudomonas sp. strain 135. This bacterium is essential in
    remediating sites contaminated with molybdenum, especially in agricultural soil co-contaminated
    with acrylamide, a known soil stabilizer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acetamides; Amides
  4. Wun FML, Muhd Hafizi Zainal, Syahidah Mohd Tahir, Ishak B. Ahmad, Mohammad B. Kassim
    Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:923-929.
    The presence of two different chromophores in benzothiazole molecule namely benzothiazole and aromatic rings lead to
    interesting chemical and biological properties that attract more researches on the compounds. Three new benzothiazolylbenzoythiourea
    compounds namely 1-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-3-(benzoylthiourea) (BBT), 1-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-3-
    (4-chlorobenzoylthiourea) (BBT-4Cl) and 1-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-3-(4-methoxybenzoylthiourea) (BBT-4OCH3
    ) with
    different electron withdrawing substituents (R) at the para positions on the benzene ring of benzoylthiourea ring have
    been synthesized from the reaction of R-benzoyl isothiocyanate (R= H, Cl, and OCH3
    ) and 2-aminobenzothiazole. The
    compounds were characterized by spectroscopic techniques (infrared, 1
    H proton NMR and UV-Vis). The IR spectra showed
    the frequency signals of n (C=O), n (C=S), n (N-H) at 1664-1673, 1238-1249 and 3031-3055 cm-1, respectively. The 1
    H
    proton NMR spectra showed the presence of N-H amine and amide signals in the region of (12.14-12.35) and (14.17-14.43)
    ppm, respectively. The proton signals of the two benzothiazole and benzoylthiourea moieties appear at 7.08-8.16 ppm.
    A theoretical study based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Time-Dependent (TD) DFT was conducted to optimize
    the geometrical structure and investigate the electronic properties of title compounds. The highest occupied molecular
    orbital (HOMO) was found on the benzothiazole moiety; while, the lowest-unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) was
    located at the benzoylthiourea fragment. The DFT optimized structures possessed an intramolecular hydrogen bonding
    and the types of para substituents used influenced the properties of hydrogen bonding.
    Matched MeSH terms: Amides
  5. Wahab Abideen Akinkunmi, Awang Ahmad Sallehin Awang Husaini, Azham Zulkharnain, Tay, Meng Guan, Hairul Azman Roslan
    MyJurnal
    Filamentous fungi such as Fusarium equiseti KR706303 and Penicillium citrinum KR706304
    are capable of sequestering heavy metals from aqueous solutions. In the present study, the role
    play by various functional groups present in the cell wall of F. equiseti KR706303 and P.
    citrinum KR706304 during lead and copper ions biosorption was investigated. The fungal
    biomass was chemically treated to modify the functional groups present in their cell wall. These
    modifications were studied through biosorption experiments. It was found that an esterification
    of the carboxyl and phosphate groups, methylation of the amine groups and extraction of lipids
    significantly decrease the biosorption of both lead and copper ions studied. Therefore, the
    carbonyl, hydroxyl and amide groups were recognized as important in the biosorption of metal
    ions by the tested fungi. The study showed that there was no release of any metal ions from the
    biomass after biosorption, indicating that ion exchange may not be a key mechanism in the
    biosorption of lead and copper ions by these fungi but complexation of metal ions within the
    fungal cell wall.
    Matched MeSH terms: Amides
  6. Veeraswamy Kesavan, Abdulrasheed Mansur, Mohd Syahmi Ramzi Salihan, Rahman, M.F., Suhaili, Zarizal, Shukor, M.Y.
    MyJurnal
    The indiscriminate released of heavy metals and xenobiotics into soils and aquatic bodies
    severely alter soil organisms and the ecosystem. The isolation of xenobiotics degrading
    microorganisms is cost-effective and naturally pleasant approach. Lately, the toxicological effect
    of molybdenum to the spermatogenesis of several organisms has been record. This present study
    is aimed at the isolation and characterization of a bacterium capable of converting molybdenum
    to the colloidal molybdenum blue. Bacteria characterization was performed in a microplate
    format using resting cells. Thus, the reduction process can be employed as a device for
    molybdenum bioremediation. The results of the study revealed an optimum reduction at pH
    between 6.0 and 6.3 and temperatures of between 25 and 40 oC. Similarly, it was also observed
    that a phosphate concentration not greater than 5.0 mM and a sodium molybdate concentration
    at 20 mM was required for reduction. Glucose was observed as the best carbon source to support
    reduction. Following the scanning of molybdenum blue, it revealed an absorption spectrum
    indicating the characteristics of molybdenum blue as a reduced phosphomolybdate. Molybdenum
    reduction is inhibited by heavy metals like silver, lead, arsenic and mercury. Furthermore, the
    ability of the bacterium (Pseudomonas sp. strain Dr.Y Kertih) to utilize several organic
    xenobiotics such as phenol, acrylamide, nicotinamide, acetamide, iodoacetamide, propionamide,
    acetamide, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and diesel as electron donor sources for aiding
    reduction or as carbon sources for growth was also examined. Finding showed that none was
    capable of aiding molybdenum reduction, however the bacterium was capable of growing on both
    diesel and phenol as carbon sources. GC analysis was used to confirmed diesel degradation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Amides
  7. Thanapal MR, Tata MD, Tan AJ, Subramaniam T, Tong JM, Palayan K, et al.
    ANZ J Surg, 2014 Jan-Feb;84(1-2):47-51.
    PMID: 23057502 DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-2197.2012.06210.x
    Although laparoscopic surgeries are associated with reduced surgical stress response and shortened post-operative recovery, intense pain and high analgesia requirements in the immediate post-operative period are often the chief complaints.
    Matched MeSH terms: Amides/administration & dosage
  8. Tan SL, Azizan AHS, Jotani MM, Tiekink ERT
    Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun, 2019 Oct 01;75(Pt 10):1472-1478.
    PMID: 31636978 DOI: 10.1107/S2056989019012581
    In the title tri-substituted thio-urea derivative, C13H18N2O3S, the thione-S and carbonyl-O atoms lie, to a first approximation, to the same side of the mol-ecule [the S-C-N-C torsion angle is -49.3 (2)°]. The CN2S plane is almost planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.018 Å) with the hy-droxy-ethyl groups lying to either side of this plane. One hy-droxy-ethyl group is orientated towards the thio-amide functionality enabling the formation of an intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bond leading to an S(7) loop. The dihedral angle [72.12 (9)°] between the planes through the CN2S atoms and the 4-tolyl ring indicates the mol-ecule is twisted. The experimental mol-ecular structure is close to the gas-phase, geometry-optimized structure calculated by DFT methods. In the mol-ecular packing, hydroxyl-O-H⋯O(hydrox-yl) and hydroxyl-O-H⋯S(thione) hydrogen bonds lead to the formation of a supra-molecular layer in the ab plane; no directional inter-actions are found between layers. The influence of the specified supra-molecular inter-actions is apparent in the calculated Hirshfeld surfaces and these are shown to be attractive in non-covalent inter-action plots; the inter-action energies point to the important stabilization provided by directional O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
    Matched MeSH terms: Amides
  9. Tan SL, Tiekink ERT
    Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun, 2020 Jun 01;76(Pt 6):870-876.
    PMID: 32523755 DOI: 10.1107/S2056989020006568
    The asymmetric unit of the title 1:2 co-crystal, C14H14N4O2·2C7H5ClO2, comprises a half-mol-ecule of oxalamide (4LH2), being located about a centre of inversion, and a mol-ecule of3-chloro-benzoic acid (3-ClBA) in a general position. From symmetry, the 4LH2 mol-ecule has a (+)anti-periplanar conformation with the 4-pyridyl residues lying to either side of the central, planar C2N2O2 chromophore with the dihedral angle between the core and pyridyl ring being 74.69 (11)°; intra-molecular amide-N-H⋯O(amide) hydrogen bonds are noted. The 3-ClBA mol-ecule exhibits a small twist as seen in the C6/CO2 dihedral angle of 8.731 (12)°. In the mol-ecular packing, three-mol-ecule aggregates are formed via carb-oxy-lic acid-O-H⋯N(pyrid-yl) hydrogen bonding. These are connected into a supra-molecular tape along [111] through amide-N-H⋯O(carbon-yl) hydrogen bonding. Additional points of contact between mol-ecules include pyridyl and benzoic acid-C-H⋯O(amide), methyl-ene-C-H⋯O(carbon-yl) and C-Cl⋯π(pyrid-yl) inter-actions so a three-dimensional architecture results. The contributions to the calculated Hirshfeld surface are dominated by H⋯H (28.5%), H⋯O/O⋯H (23.2%), H⋯C/C⋯H (23.3%), H⋯Cl/Cl⋯H (10.0%) and C⋯Cl/C⋯Cl (6.2%) contacts. Computational chemistry confirms the C-Cl⋯π inter-action is weak, and the importance of both electrostatic and dispersion terms in sustaining the mol-ecular packing despite the strong electrostatic term provided by the carb-oxy-lic acid-O-H⋯N(pyrid-yl) hydrogen bonds.
    Matched MeSH terms: Amides
  10. Tan SL, Tiekink ERT
    Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun, 2020 Feb 01;76(Pt 2):245-253.
    PMID: 32071755 DOI: 10.1107/S2056989020000572
    The asymmetric unit of the title 1:2 co-crystal, C14H14N4O2·2C7H5ClO2, comprises two half mol-ecules of oxalamide (4LH2), as each is disposed about a centre of inversion, and two mol-ecules of 4-chloro-benzoic acid (CBA), each in general positions. Each 4LH2 mol-ecule has a (+)anti-periplanar conformation with the pyridin-4-yl residues lying to either side of the central, planar C2N2O2 chromophore with the dihedral angles between the respective central core and the pyridyl rings being 68.65 (3) and 86.25 (3)°, respectively, representing the major difference between the independent 4LH2 mol-ecules. The anti conformation of the carbonyl groups enables the formation of intra-molecular amide-N-H⋯O(amide) hydrogen bonds, each completing an S(5) loop. The two independent CBA mol-ecules are similar and exhibit C6/CO2 dihedral angles of 8.06 (10) and 17.24 (8)°, indicating twisted conformations. In the crystal, two independent, three-mol-ecule aggregates are formed via carb-oxy-lic acid-O-H⋯N(pyrid-yl) hydrogen bonding. These are connected into a supra-molecular tape propagating parallel to [100] through amide-N-H⋯O(amide) hydrogen bonding between the independent aggregates and ten-membered {⋯HNC2O}2 synthons. The tapes assemble into a three-dimensional architecture through pyridyl- and methyl-ene-C-H⋯O(carbon-yl) and CBA-C-H⋯O(amide) inter-actions. As revealed by a more detailed analysis of the mol-ecular packing by calculating the Hirshfeld surfaces and computational chemistry, are the presence of attractive and dispersive Cl⋯C=O inter-actions which provide inter-action energies approximately one-quarter of those provided by the amide-N-H⋯O(amide) hydrogen bonding sustaining the supra-molecular tape.
    Matched MeSH terms: Amides
  11. Tan SL, Jotani MM, Tiekink ERT
    Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun, 2020 Feb 01;76(Pt 2):155-161.
    PMID: 32071739 DOI: 10.1107/S2056989019017328
    In the title compound, C12H15N3O5S, a tris-ubstituted thio-urea derivative, the central CN2S chromophore is almost planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.018 Å) and the pendant hy-droxy-ethyl groups lie to either side of this plane. While to a first approximation the thione-S and carbonyl-O atoms lie to the same side of the mol-ecule, the S-C-N-C torsion angle of -47.8 (2)° indicates a considerable twist. As one of the hy-droxy-ethyl groups is orientated towards the thio-amide residue, an intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bond is formed which leads to an S(7) loop. A further twist in the mol-ecule is indicated by the dihedral angle of 65.87 (7)° between the planes through the CN2S chromophore and the 4-nitro-benzene ring. There is a close match between the experimental and gas-phase, geometry-optimized (DFT) mol-ecular structures. In the crystal, O-H⋯O and O-H⋯S hydrogen bonds give rise to supra-molecular layers propagating in the ab plane. The connections between layers to consolidate the three-dimensional architecture are of the type C-H⋯O, C-H⋯S and nitro-O⋯π. The nature of the supra-molecular association has been further analysed by a study of the calculated Hirshfeld surfaces, non-covalent inter-action plots and computational chemistry, all of which point to the significant influence and energy of stabilization provided by the conventional hydrogen bonds.
    Matched MeSH terms: Amides
  12. Takhi M, Sreenivas K, Reddy CK, Munikumar M, Praveena K, Sudheer P, et al.
    Eur J Med Chem, 2014 Sep 12;84:382-94.
    PMID: 25036796 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.07.036
    A novel and potent series of ene-amides featuring azetidines has been developed as FabI inhibitors active against drug resistant Gram-positive pathogens particularly staphylococcal organisms. Most of the compounds from the series possessed excellent biochemical inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus FabI enzyme and whole cell activity against clinically relevant MRSA, MSSA and MRSE organisms which are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in community as well as hospital settings. The binding mode of one of the leads, AEA16, in Escherichia coli FabI enzyme was determined unambiguously using X-ray crystallography. The lead compounds displayed good metabolic stability in mice liver microsomes and pharmacokinetic profile in mice. The in vivo efficacy of lead AEA16 has been demonstrated in a lethal murine systemic infection model.
    Matched MeSH terms: Amides/metabolism; Amides/pharmacology*; Amides/chemistry
  13. Syed S, Jotani MM, Halim SN, Tiekink ER
    Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun, 2016 Mar 1;72(Pt 3):391-8.
    PMID: 27006815 DOI: 10.1107/S2056989016002735
    The asymmetric unit of the title 2:1 co-crystal, 2C8H8O2·C14H14N4O2, comprises an acid mol-ecule in a general position and half a di-amide mol-ecule, the latter being located about a centre of inversion. In the acid, the carb-oxy-lic acid group is twisted out of the plane of the benzene ring to which it is attached [dihedral angle = 28.51 (8)°] and the carbonyl O atom and methyl group lie approximately to the same side of the mol-ecule [hy-droxy-O-C-C-C(H) torsion angle = -27.92 (17)°]. In the di-amide, the central C4N2O2 core is almost planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.031 Å), and the pyridyl rings are perpendicular, lying to either side of the central plane [central residue/pyridyl dihedral angle = 88.60 (5)°]. In the mol-ecular packing, three-mol-ecule aggregates are formed via hy-droxy-O-H⋯N(pyrid-yl) hydrogen bonds. These are connected into a supra-molecular layer parallel to (12[Formula: see text]) via amide-N-H⋯O(carbon-yl) hydrogen bonds, as well as methyl-ene-C-H⋯O(amide) inter-actions. Significant π-π inter-actions occur between benzene/benzene, pyrid-yl/benzene and pyrid-yl/pyridyl rings within and between layers to consolidate the three-dimensional packing.
    Matched MeSH terms: Amides
  14. Swamy KB, Hadi SA, Sekaran M, Pichika MR
    J Med Food, 2014 Nov;17(11):1165-9.
    PMID: 25314134 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.3084
    Synsepalum dulcificum or the "miracle fruit" is well known for its taste-modifying ability. The aim of this review was to assess the published medically beneficial as well as potential characteristics of this fruit. A search in three databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, was made with appropriate keywords. The resulting articles were screened in different stages based on the title, abstract, and content. A total of nine articles were included in this review. This review summarized the findings of previously published studies on the effects of miracle fruit. The main studied characteristic of the fruit was its effect on the taste receptors, resulting in the sweet sensation when substances with acidic content were ingested. This effect was shown to be related to a glycoprotein called "miraculin." Other beneficial characteristics of this fruit were its antioxidant and anticancer abilities that are due to the various amides existing in the miracle fruit. Apart from the above, the other observed effect of this fruit was its antidiabetic effect that was tested in rats. Further studies should be conducted to establish the findings. The miracle fruit can be a healthy additive due to its unique characteristics, including sour taste sensation modification as well as its antioxidant and antidiabetic effects.
    Matched MeSH terms: Amides/pharmacology; Amides/therapeutic use
  15. Suk Huei Chan, Azrina Azlan, Amin Ismail, Nurul Husna Shafie
    MyJurnal
    Capsaicin (N-vanillyl-8-methyl-6-(E)-none amide) is a unique and significant compound from group component of capsaicinoids. This component can only be found in the plants from the Capsicum genus. It is the primary source of pungency or spiciness of chilli pepper. Traditionally, capsaicin has been used to alleviate pain. Recently, some studies showed significant therapeutic effects of capsaicin in many diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, cancer and obesity. Determination of the most effective dosage used and underlying working mechanism of capsaicin are still in progress. Currently, capsaicin research, especially in drug interaction and encapsulation technologies, has not been reviewed. We aim to report current experimental evidence of capsaicin research focusing on its pharmacolog- ical properties, interaction with drugs and ways to improve the bioavailability of capsaicin. It is essential to provide a general orientation for further investigation that can discover more potency of capsaicin usage as a medicinal supplement to treat various diseases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Amides
  16. Sirat HM, Susanti D, Ahmad F, Takayama H, Kitajima M
    J Nat Med, 2010 Oct;64(4):492-5.
    PMID: 20582481 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-010-0431-8
    Successive extraction of the dried leaves of Melastoma malabathricum, followed by purification using repeated chromatographic techniques, yielded six compounds, including two amides, auranamide and patriscabratine, a triterpene, alpha-amyrin, and three flavonoids, quercitrin, quercetin and kaempferol-3-O-(2'',6''-di-O-p-trans-coumaroyl)-beta-glucoside. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic means and also by direct comparison of their spectroscopic data with respective published data. These three phenolic constituents were found to be active as free radical scavengers, with quercetin being the strongest radical scavenger, having an IC(50) value of 0.69 microM in the UV method. Quercitrin and kaempferol-3-O-(2'',6''-di-O-p-trans-coumaroyl)-beta-glucoside showed moderate radical scavenging, with IC(50) values of 74.1 and 108.8 microM, respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Amides/isolation & purification; Amides/chemistry
  17. Sim KM, Mak CN, Ho LP
    J Asian Nat Prod Res, 2009 Aug;11(8):757-60.
    PMID: 20183320 DOI: 10.1080/10286020903058933
    A new amide alkaloid, N-(3',4',5'-trimethoxy-cis-cinnamoyl)pyrrolidine (1), named sarmentomicine was isolated from the ethanol extract of the leaves of Malayan Piper sarmentosum, together with two known phenylpropanoids. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Amides/isolation & purification*; Amides/chemistry
  18. Shukri, W.H.Z., Hamzah, E.N.H., Halim, N.R.A., Isa, M.I.N., Sarbon, N.M.
    MyJurnal
    The aim of this work is to study the effect of hydrocolloids (guar gum, xanthan gum and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) on the physical properties and sensory evaluation of ice cream produced in order to investigate the potential of applying fermented glutinous rice (tapai pulut) as a value-added ingredient. The addition of 25% fermented glutinous rice was the most reliable amount to enhance the physical and sensory properties of ice cream when incorporating hydrocolloids. The addition of hydrocolloids significantly (p < 0.05) increased the pH, firmness, overrun, and melting rate of fermented glutinous rice ice cream. The addition of guar gum scored the highest firmness value (5403 g) followed by CMC (4630 g) and xanthan gum (3481g). Fermented glutinous rice ice cream with xanthan gum added, induced a noticeable change in overrun value (62%) while the addition of CMC decreased the melting rate compared to the control. The FTIR spectrum of fermented glutinous rice ice cream with different hydrocolloids containing carboxyl, amide and carbonyl group was appeared at 3362-3379 cm-1 , 1639-1640 cm-1 and 1026-1064 cm-1, respectively. In conclusion, the addition of xanthan gum presented great potential to improve the quality of fermented glutinous rice ice cream produced in terms of its firmness, overrun and melting rate.
    Matched MeSH terms: Amides
  19. Shukor MY, Gusmanizar N, Azmi NA, Hamid M, Ramli J, Shamaan NA, et al.
    J Environ Biol, 2009 Jan;30(1):57-64.
    PMID: 20112864
    Several local acrylamide-degrading bacteria have been isolated. One of the isolate that exhibited the highest growth on acrylamide as a nitrogen source was then further characterized. The isolate was tentatively identified as Bacillus cereus strain DRY135 based on carbon utilization profiles using Biolog GP plates and partial 16S rDNA molecular phylogeny. The isolate grew optimally in between the temperatures of 25 and 30 degrees C and within the pH range of 6.8 to 7.0. Glucose, fructose, lactose, maltose, mannitol, citric acid and sucrose supported growth with glucose being the best carbon source. Different concentrations of acrylamide ranging from 100 to 4000 mg l(-1) incorporated into the growth media shows that the highest growth was obtained at acrylamide concentrations of between 500 to 1500 mg l(-1). At 1000 mg l(-1) of acrylamide, degradation was 90% completed after ten days of incubation with concomitant cell growth. The metabolite acrylic acid was detected in the media during degradation. Other amides such as methacrylamide, nicotinamide, acetamide, propionamide and urea supported growth with the highest growth supported by acetamide, propionamide and urea. Strain DRY135, however was not able to assimilate 2-chloroacetamide. The characteristics of this isolate suggest that it would be useful in the bioremediation of acrylamide.
    Matched MeSH terms: Amides/metabolism; Amides/chemistry
  20. Shanmuga Sundara Raj S, Yamin BM, Boshaala AM, Tarafder MT, Crouse KA, Fun HK
    Acta Crystallogr C, 2000 Aug;56 (Pt 8):1011-2.
    PMID: 10944308
    In the crystal structure of the title compound, C(14)H(12)N(2)O(2), the molecule lies about a twofold axis; two carbonyl groups and the H atoms of the N-N bond are in a trans orientation with respect to each other. In the crystal, each molecule is linked to the other and vice versa by intermolecular N-H.O hydrogen bonds between the amide hydrogen and the O atoms of neighbouring molecules to form two ten-membered rings, each of which has the graph-set motif C4R(2)(2)(10). This extends as a polymeric chain along the c axis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Amides
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