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  1. Biglari N, Ganjali Dashti M, Abdeshahian P, Orita I, Fukui T, Sudesh K
    3 Biotech, 2018 Aug;8(8):330.
    PMID: 30073115 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1351-7
    This study aimed to enhance production of polyhydroxybutyrate P(3HB) by a newly engineered strain of Cupriavidus necator NSDG-GG by applying response surface methodology (RSM). From initial experiment of one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT), glucose and urea were found to be the most significant substrates as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively, for the production of P(3HB). OFAT experiment results showed that the maximum biomass, P(3HB) content, and P(3HB) concentration of 8.95 g/L, 76 wt%, and 6.80 g/L were achieved at 25 g/L glucose and 0.54 g/L urea with an agitation rate of 200 rpm at 30 °C after 48 h. In this study, RSM was applied to optimize the three key variables (glucose concentration, urea concentration, and agitation speed) at a time to obtain optimal conditions in a multivariable system. Fermentation experiments were conducted in shaking flask by cultivation of C. necator NSDG-GG using various glucose concentrations (10-50 g/L), urea concentrations (0.27-0.73 g/L), and agitation speeds (150-250 rpm). The interaction between the variables studied was analyzed by ANOVA analysis. The RSM results indicated that the optimum cultivation conditions were 37.70 g/L glucose, 0.73 g/L urea, and 200 rpm agitation speed. The validation experiments under optimum conditions produced the highest biomass of 12.84 g/L, P(3HB) content of 92.16 wt%, and P(3HB) concentration of 11.83 g/L. RSM was found to be an efficient method in enhancing the production of biomass, P(3HB) content, and P(3HB) concentration by 43, 21, and 74%, respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Analysis of Variance
  2. Chou CC, Chronister J, Chou CH, Tan S, Macewicz T
    AIDS Care, 2013;25(12):1551-8.
    PMID: 23713718 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2013.793267
    This study explored responsibility attribution (RA) of HIV/AIDS infection (i.e., how an individual perceives the cause of their HIV/AIDS infection) and its relationship to coping styles among injection drug users (IDUs) with HIV/AIDS. In addition, this study investigated whether self-esteem, social support, and religiosity mediate the relationship between RA and coping styles of IDUs with HIV/AIDS. Participants were 201 adult IDUs with HIV/AIDS participating in the National Drug Rehabilitation Center in Malaysia. Five measures were used to assess the above constructs. Cluster analysis, analysis of variance, and mediation analyses were conducted. Results of this study indicated that IDUs with HIV/AIDS in Malaysia can be classified into four homogenous attribution groups: external, fatalistic, internal, and indeterminate. Mediator analyses revealed that combination of self-esteem, social support, and religiosity mediate the relationship between RA and coping behaviors. Clinicians working with IDUs with HIV/AIDS need to address the role of RA, self-esteem, religiosity, and social support as these psychosocial constructs are linked to coping with HIV/AIDS. Future researchers should investigate whether enhancing self-esteem, social support, and religiosity can promote active problem-solving coping and reduce the use of avoidance coping behaviors.
    Matched MeSH terms: Analysis of Variance
  3. Jin H, Earnshaw VA, Wickersham JA, Kamarulzaman A, Desai MM, John J, et al.
    AIDS Care, 2014;26(10):1223-8.
    PMID: 24625279 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2014.894616
    Stigma perpetuated by health-care providers has been found to be a barrier to care for vulnerable populations, including HIV-infected, people who inject drugs (PWIDs), and men who have sex with men (MSM) in multiple clinical contexts and remains unexamined among professional health-care students in Malaysia. This cross-sectional, anonymous, and Internet-based survey assessed the attitudes of medical and dental students toward HIV-infected, PWID, and MSM patients. Survey invitation was emailed to 3191 students at 8 professional schools; 1296 (40.6%) responded and scored their attitudes toward these patient groups using a feeling thermometer, indicating their attitudes on a sliding scale from 0 (most negative) to 100 (most positive). Compared to general patients (mean = 76.50), the mean scores for HIV-infected (mean = 54.04; p < 0.001), PWID (mean = 37.50; p < 0.001), and MSM (mean = 32.13; p < 0.001) patients were significantly lower and significantly different between each group comparison. Within group differences, most notably religion, ethnicity, and personally knowing someone from these populations were associated with significant differences in attitudes. No differences were noted between pre-clinical and clinical year of training. Health-care students represent the next generation of clinicians who will be responsible for future HIV prevention and treatment efforts. Our findings suggest alarmingly negative attitudes toward these patients, especially MSM, necessitating prompt and effective interventions designed to ameliorate the negative attitudes of health-care students toward vulnerable populations, specifically HIV-infected, PWID, and MSM patients in Malaysia.
    Site site: online surveys at seven universities: University of Malaya, National University of Malaysia, International Islamic University Malaysia, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Penang International Dental College, Universiti Teknologi MARA Malaysia, and Universiti Sains Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Analysis of Variance
  4. Muntari B, Amid A, Mel M, Jami MS, Salleh HM
    AMB Express, 2012;2:12.
    PMID: 22336426 DOI: 10.1186/2191-0855-2-12
    Bromelain, a cysteine protease with various therapeutic and industrial applications, was expressed in Escherichia coli, BL21-AI clone, under different cultivation conditions (post-induction temperature, L-arabinose concentration and post-induction period). The optimized conditions by response surface methodology using face centered central composite design were 0.2% (w/v) L-arabinose, 8 hr and 25°C. The analysis of variance coupled with larger value of R2 (0.989) showed that the quadratic model used for the prediction was highly significant (p < 0.05). Under the optimized conditions, the model produced bromelain activity of 9.2 U/mg while validation experiments gave bromelain activity of 9.6 ± 0.02 U/mg at 0.15% (w/v) L-arabinose, 8 hr and 27°C. This study had innovatively developed cultivation conditions for better production of recombinant bromelain in shake flask culture.
    Matched MeSH terms: Analysis of Variance
  5. Nasim Seyedsalehi, Rohany Nasir, Wan Shahrazad Wan Sulaiman, Ashkan Seyedsalehi, Sadaf Seyedsalehi
    MyJurnal
    Objective: The objective of this study to assess the comparative effectiveness of exposure and response prevention (GERP) and cognitive-behaviour therapy (GCBT) in a group of Iranian patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and comorbid depression symptoms (CDS).

    Methods: Ninety OCD patients were selected (both genders, married or unmarried and ages from 18-65 years) using a non-probability sampling (availability sampling) procedure. The respondents subsequently sampled via cluster randomization into three equal groups: a control group (n = 30) that did not receive any treatment intervention during the study and two other groups who received 12 weeks of psychotherapy in the form of GERP (n=30) or GCBT (n=30). This study obtained the required data through a clinical interview with all participants based on the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders text revision (DSM-IV-TR). The statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), Bonferroni correction and Pearson correlations.

    Result: We found that GCBT and GERP are effective treatments for alleviating OCD symptoms among patients. The results demonstrated that OCD scores were significantly reduced among participants after receiving GCBT and GERP treatments, with mean (standard deviation, SD) changes of 0.829 (0.287) and 0.970 (0.258), respectively. The study measured CDS through the Persian-language version of the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II-PERSIAN). The study further found a significant correlation between OCD and CDS. The findings suggested that GCBT and GERP improved comorbid depression symptoms (CDS) significantly with mean (SD) changes of 13.57 (3.92) and 12.85 (4.50) respectively.

    Conclusion: GCBT and GERP separately produced equivalent improvements for OCD and CDS.
    Matched MeSH terms: Analysis of Variance
  6. Indah M Amin, Mohd Ridzuan Hamid, Dayang Zahidah A. Othman, Rosfaiizah Siran, Siti Hamimah S.A. Kadir, Narimah AH Hasani
    ASM Science Journal, 2014;8(2):165-173.
    MyJurnal
    Aloe emodin, an anthraquinone of Aloe barbadensis Miller has been shown to have more cytotoxic effect in
    different kinds of human cancer cell lines compared to normal. Accordingly, we found it to selectively inhibit
    the proliferation of oestrogen-receptor-positive-(ER+)-breast cancer cells, MCF-7; but not controls cells,
    MCF-10A. However, its precise mechanism is not well understood. Several studies have shown that there is
    evidence of increased intracellular calcium (Ca2+), both at early and late stage of apoptosis which associated
    with the down-regulation of ERK1/2 proliferative pathway. Therefore, we aim to elucidate the involvement
    of intracellular Ca2+ in aloe emodin induced apoptosis on MCF-7. Apoptotic morphological changes were
    observed under fluorescence microscope. The involvement of cytoplasmic Ca2+ and MAPKs were investigated
    using Fluo-4 intracellular Ca2+ imaging and QuantiGene 2.0 Plex assay, respectively. IC50 of aloe emodin
    (80 μM) at 72 hours incubation was used. Data were evaluated using the one-way or two-way ANOVA tests.
    Our results indicated that aloe emodin at IC50 80µM induced apoptosis on MCF-7 through the association of
    intracellular Ca2+ signalling. This observation include a significant increased (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Analysis of Variance
  7. Borhan MN, Ibrahim ANH, Aziz A, Yazid MRM
    Accid Anal Prev, 2018 Dec;121:94-100.
    PMID: 30237047 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2018.09.004
    In the context of road safety, risk-taking is undoubtedly one of the main contributory factors in road accidents. The actual forces which influence individuals to take such risks, nevertheless, are still not fully understood. To address this, this study was therefore conducted to investigate the relationship of the demographic, personal, and social factors of motorcyclists, with a specific focus on their risk-taking behavior at signalized intersections in Malaysia. This study adopted the quantitative method using cross-sectional questionnaire surveys and involved 251 respondents. The demographic factors were analyzed using the t-test and an ANOVA Scheffe Post-Hoc test, while the motorcyclists' personal and social characteristics were analyzed with multiple linear regression. The findings indicate that the individuals who were greater risk takers at signalized intersections were teenage motorcyclists (16-25 years old) who had finished their education before taking their high school diploma, and who also received a lower than average monthly income from private sector firms. The actual experience of accidents was also shown to be positively related to this risk-taking behavior. In addition, in term of personal and social factors, results showed that, for these individuals, there was a significant difference between the strength of peer influence and that of parental and spouse guidance. However, there was no significant difference in the risk-taking behavior of Malaysian motorcyclists riding at signalized intersections for the following factors: between genders, in terms of accident involvement, in terms of enforcement of traffic regulations, and prevention steps and confidence level after being involved in an accident.
    Matched MeSH terms: Analysis of Variance
  8. Suhaimi FW, Yusoff NH, Dewa A, Yusof AP
    Acta Neurol Belg, 2010 Mar;110(1):57-64.
    PMID: 20514927
    Obesity is intimately associated with hypertension; increases in blood pressure are closely related to the magnitude of weight gain. The present study aims to determine whether the excitatory amino acid input to rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) contributes to elevated blood pressure in rats with diet-induced obesity. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 280 to 300 grams were fed with a low-fat diet (10% kcal from fat) or moderately high-fat diet (32% kcal from fat) for 16 weeks. At week 16, rats on the moderate high-fat diet were segregated into obesity-prone and obesity-resistant rats based on body weight distribution. Baseline mean arterial pressure (MAP) was significantly higher in obesity-prone rats as compared to obesity-resistant and rats on a low-fat diet. Bilateral injection of kynurenic acid (KYN) (40 nM) into the RVLM of the obesity-prone rats reduced MAP to levels significantly different from those observed in rats on a low-fat diet and obesity-resistant rats (no change in MAP). At a lower concentration (4 nM), KYN injection did not produce any change in MAP in any group. The results obtained suggest that excitatory amino acid input to the RVLM does contribute to the development of hypertension in rats with diet-induced obesity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Analysis of Variance
  9. Low PS, Saha N, Tay JS, Hong S
    Acta Paediatr, 1996 Dec;85(12):1476-82.
    PMID: 9001661
    In multiracial Singapore, the prevalence of coronary artery disease is highest in ethnic Indian and lowest in ethnic Chinese populations. Since susceptibility to coronary artery disease is closely associated with plasma lipid traits, we studied the cord blood lipid and apolipoprotein profiles of the three ethnic groups in Singapore to determine if ethnic differences in lipid profile are present at birth. The high-risk lipid traits of high LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and apo B, low HDL-cholesterol and apo A-I were found to be highest in ethnic Indian and lowest in ethnic Chinese populations. This difference was concordant with the relative coronary mortality rates for their respective adult populations in Singapore.
    Matched MeSH terms: Analysis of Variance
  10. Alhajj MN, Salim NS, Johari Y, Syahrizal M, Abdul-Muttlib NA, Ariffin Z
    Acta Stomatol Croat, 2020 Sep;54(3):263-272.
    PMID: 33132389 DOI: 10.15644/asc54/3/4
    Objective: Endodontically treated teeth may require posts for retaining the core and replacing the coronal structures that have been lost. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the push-out bond strength between different types of post cemented with different types of luting cement at different types of root level.

    Materials and Methods: In this in-vitro study, a total of 48 single-rooted permanent human teeth were decoronated, and the roots were treated endodontically. Following post space preparation, the sample was divided into four groups (n= 12 each) based on the types of post and cement. Two different types of post [GC everStick®POST (ES) and Parapost® Fiber LuxTM (PF)], and two different types of cement [G-CEMTM (G), and RelyXTM Unicem (R)] were used according to the manufacturer's instructions. All roots were sectioned at the coronal and middle thirds with a thickness of 3±0.1mm. The Push-out bond strength (PBS) test was performed using a universal testing machine at a cross-head speed of 0.5mm/ min. The bond strength values were recorded, and the data were analyzed using the SPSS program. Apart from descriptive statistics, three-way ANOVA was used for the interaction of the independent variables (post, cement, and root level). For differences between the groups, the Mann-Whitney U test was used. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant for all analyses.

    Results: Push-out bond strength of samples at the middle level (11.38±10.31 MPa), with PF posts (11.18±9.98 MPa), and of those luted with RelyXTM Unicem cement (13.26±8.73 MPa) was higher than that of their counterparts. The PBS means of RelyXTM Unicem cement at both root levels were much higher than PBS means of G-CEMTM cement. Three-way ANOVA test revealed a significant effect for each variable with a higher effect of cement (Sum of Squares= 1310.690; P< 0.001). No significant difference (P= 0.153) was found between the coronal and middle parts and between ES and PF posts (P= 0.058). However, a highly significant difference (P< 0.001) was found between RelyXTM Unicem and G-CEMTM cements.

    Conclusion: The type of cement had a significant effect on push-out bond strength with RelyXTM Unicem which had higher values than G-CEMTM. However, the type of post and root level had no significant effect on PBS, although Parapost® Fiber LuxTM and middle root level had higher values than their counterparts.

    Matched MeSH terms: Analysis of Variance
  11. Salim NA, Muttlib NAA, Alawi R, Rahman NA, Ariffin Z
    Acta Stomatol Croat, 2018 Sep;52(3):218-226.
    PMID: 30510297 DOI: 10.15644/asc52/3/5
    Objective: This study aimed to compare the difference in marginal dye penetration between everStick, Parapost XP, Parapost fiber white and control groups under gradual loading.

    Materials and Methods: Sixty-eight human maxillary permanent incisors were divided into four groups. Each specimen was endodontically treated with step-back technique and prepared for each post system according to experimental groups, subsequently cemented in the canal. Composite resin cores were built and laboratory fabricated metal crowns were cemented. All specimens except those in the control group were subjected to thermal cycling. All groups were subjected to gradual loading from 0N-50N for 100 cycles. Specimens were sectioned transversely and the depths of dye penetration along the post were measured. Data were entered in SPSS ver. 22 and analyzed using two-way ANOVA test.

    Results: There was no significant difference in marginal dye penetration between each group (p-value>0.05). However, there was a significant difference in percentage of marginal dye penetration between all groups (p-value<0.05); post-hoc comparison showed significant difference between Fiber White and Control groups (p-value=0.009).

    Conclusion: All the groups showed dye penetration but the percentage was significant only between Parapost Fiber White and the control groups.

    Matched MeSH terms: Analysis of Variance
  12. Mellor D, Hucker A, Waterhouse M, binti Mamat NH, Xu X, Cochrane J, et al.
    Am J Mens Health, 2014 Nov;8(6):521-31.
    PMID: 24707036 DOI: 10.1177/1557988314528370
    This study investigated how dissatisfaction with particular aspects of the body was associated with overall body dissatisfaction among male adolescents in Western and Asian cultures. One hundred and six Malaysian Malays, 55 Malaysian Chinese, 195 Chinese from China, and 45 non-Asian Australians aged 12 to 19 years completed a questionnaire assessing dissatisfaction with their overall body and dissatisfaction with varying aspects of their body. Dissatisfaction with the face, height, and hair was positively correlated with overall body dissatisfaction among Malaysian Malays after body mass index, age and dissatisfaction with body areas typically included in measures (weight/shape, upper, middle, and lower body, and muscles) had been controlled for. Dissatisfaction with the face was positively correlated with overall body dissatisfaction among Malaysian Chinese. These findings demonstrate the differences in body focus for males from different cultures and the importance of using assessment measures that address all possible areas of body focus.
    Matched MeSH terms: Analysis of Variance
  13. Alp S, Baka ZM
    Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 2018 Oct;154(4):517-523.
    PMID: 30268262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2018.01.010
    INTRODUCTION: In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of regular probiotic consumption on microbial colonization in saliva in orthodontic patients and to comparatively evaluate the difference between the systemic consumption of probiotic products and the local application.

    METHODS: This study included 3 groups with 15 orthodontic patients in each. The control group included patients who had no probiotic treatment, the subjects in the kefir group consumed 2 × 100 ml of kefir (Atatürk Orman Ciftligi, Ankara, Turkey) per day, and the subjects in the toothpaste group brushed their teeth with toothpaste with probiotic content (GD toothpaste; Dental Asia Manufacturing, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia) twice a day. Samples were collected at 3 times: beginning of the study, 3 weeks later, and 6 weeks later. The salivary flow rate, buffer capacity, and Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus levels in the saliva were evaluated. Chair-side kits were used to determine the S mutans and Lactobacillus levels.

    RESULTS: A statistically significant decrease was observed in the salivary S mutans and Lactobacillus levels in the kefir and toothpaste groups compared with the control group (P <0.05). A statistically significant increase was observed in the toothpaste group compared with the control and kefir groups in buffer capacity. Changes in the salivary flow rate were not statistically significant.

    CONCLUSIONS: The regular use of probiotics during fixed orthodontic treatment reduces the S mutans and Lactobacillus levels in the saliva.

    Matched MeSH terms: Analysis of Variance
  14. Chiu CL, Ong G, Majid AA
    Anaesth Intensive Care, 2007 Jun;35(3):342-7.
    PMID: 17591126
    Propofol anaesthesia using target control infusion during cardiac surgery has become more popular recently. However, without depth of anaesthesia monitoring, the standard target concentration used may be higher than necessary to maintain adequate hypnosis during hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of bispectral index monitoring on propofol administration during hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. After ethics committee approval and written informed consent, 20 New York Heart Association class I-III patients scheduled for elective cardiac surgery requiring hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass were studied in this prospective randomised controlled trial. In group C, routine anaesthesia was practised, where patients received propofol at target concentration between 1.5 to 2.5 microg/ml during cardiopulmonary bypass. In group B, the target concentration was titrated to a bispectral index value of 40 to 50. Mean arterial pressure and bispectral index were recorded at various time intervals. The use of propofol, phenylephrine, sodium nitroprusside and adrenaline were recorded. The median propofol administration in group B was significantly less than that in group C (2.9 mg/kg/h compared to 6.0 mg/kg/h). The bispectral index value during bypass was significantly lower in group C than in group B, reflecting a deeper state of anaesthesia. There was no difference in the use of inotropes, vasoconstrictors or vasodilators. Bispectral index monitoring enables a 50% reduction in propofol administration at this standard dose during hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass.
    Matched MeSH terms: Analysis of Variance
  15. Wee LK, Chai HY, Samsury SR, Mujamil NF, Supriyanto E
    An Acad Bras Cienc, 2012 Dec;84(4):1157-68.
    PMID: 23207710
    Current two-dimensional (2D) ultrasonic marker measurements are inherent with intra- and inter-observer variability limitations. The objective of this paper is to investigate the performance of conventional 2D ultrasonic marker measurements and proposed programmable interactive three-dimensional (3D) marker evaluation. This is essentially important to analyze that the measurement on 3D volumetric measurement possesses higher impact and reproducibility vis-à-vis 2D measurement. Twenty three cases of prenatal ultrasound examination were obtained from collaborating hospital after Ethical Committee's approval. The measured 2D ultrasonic marker is Nuchal Translucency or commonly abbreviated as NT. Descriptive analysis of both 2D and 3D ultrasound measurement were calculated. Three trial measurements were taken for each method. Both data were tested with One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test and results indicate that markers measurements were distributed normally with significant parametric values at 0.621 and 0.596 respectively. Computed mean and standard deviation for both measurement methods are 1.4495 ± 0.46490 (2D) and 1.3561 ± 0.50994 (3D). ANOVA test shows that computerized 3D measurements were found to be insignificantly different from the mean of conventional 2D at the significance level of 0.05. With Pearson's correlation coefficient value or R = 0.861, the result proves strong positive linear correlation between 2D and 3D ultrasonic measurements. Reproducibility and accuracy of 3D ultrasound in NT measurement was significantly increased compared with 2D B-mode ultrasound prenatal assessment. 3D reconstructed imaging has higher clinical values compare to 2D ultrasound images with less diagnostics information.
    Matched MeSH terms: Analysis of Variance
  16. Heidari MH, Movafagh A, Abdollahifar MA, Abdi S, Barez MM, Azimi H, et al.
    Anat Cell Biol, 2017 Mar;50(1):69-72.
    PMID: 28417057 DOI: 10.5115/acb.2017.50.1.69
    Prostate cancer is the most common cancer type in men and is the second cause of death, due to cancer, in patients over 50, after lung cancer. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is a widely used tumor marker for prostate cancer. Recently, PSA is discovered in non-prostatic cancer tissues in men and women raising doubts about its specificity for prostatic tissues. PSA exists in low serum level in healthy men and in higher levels in many prostate disorders, including prostatitis and prostate cancer. Thus, a supplementary tumor marker is needed to accurately diagnose the cancer and to observe the patient after treatment. Recently, soluble human leukocyte antigen-G (sHLA-G) has been introduced as a new tumor marker for different cancer types, including colorectal, breast, lung, and ovary. The present descriptive-experimental study was carried out including patients with malignant prostate tumor, patients with benign prostate tumor, and a group of health men as the control group, as judged by an oncologist as well as a pathologist. After sterile blood sampling, sHLA-G was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in each group. The data was then analyzed using one-way ANOVA. P≤0.05 was considered as statistically significant. The results showed that the mean of sHLA-G level was high in patients. Also, it was found that there was a significant difference in sHLA serum level between the three groups. The data revealed that sHLA-G can be a novel supplementary tumor marker in addition to PSA to diagnose prostate cancer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Analysis of Variance
  17. Sulaiman, E., Yeo, Y.M., Chong, Y.T.
    Ann Dent, 2007;14(1):39-45.
    MyJurnal
    Purpose of the study: The objective of this study was to investigate the flexural strengths of five commercially available tooth-coloured restorative materials – Alpha-Dent (composite resin, Dental Technologies Inc.), Solare Anterior (composite resin, GC), F2000 (polyacid-modified composite resin, 3M), Beautifil (giomer, Shofu) and Fuji II LC (resin- modified glass ionomer cement, GC] using the ISO 4049 specifications. Materials and Method: Ten specimens of (25±0.2)mm x (2±0.1)mm x (2±0.1)mm from each material were prepared at 22-23ºC using a customized metal mould. After light polymerization, the specimens were stored in distilled water at 37ºC for 24 hours. The specimens were subsequently blotted dry, measured and subjected to flexural testing using an Instron Universal Testing Machine with a crosshead speed of 0.5mm/min. The flexural strengths were calculated from the maximum load exerted on the specimens. Data were analysed using one way ANOVA and scheffe’s post-hoc multiple comparison tests at a significance level of 0.05.Results: The results showed that the mean flexural strengths of Beautifil, Solare Anterior and Alpha-Dent were above 80 MPa and those of F2000 and Fuji II LC were below 80 MPa. The results of one-way ANOVA and Scheffe’s post-host tests demonstrated that Beautifil had significantly higher mean flexural strength compared to Fuji II LC, F2000 and Alpha-Dent (P
    Matched MeSH terms: Analysis of Variance
  18. Zamri Radzi, Noor Hayaty Abu Kasim, Yahya, N.A., Gan, S.N., Daud, N.M., Saffai, L., et al.
    Ann Dent, 2007;14(1):46-51.
    MyJurnal
    The impact strength of a newly developed experimental polyurethane-based polymer which is derived from palm oil (Experimental PU) was compared with denture polymers; heat-cured and self cured polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and ® Eclipse , light-activated urethane dimethacrylate prosthetic resin system. Ten specimens were ® prepared using heat-cured PMMA (Meliodent Heat Cure, Heraeus Kulzer, Germany), self cured PMMA ® (Meliodent Rapid Repair, Heraeus Kulzer, ® Germany), Eclipse baseplate resin (Dentsply, USA) and Experimental PU material. Specimens were prepared following manu- facturer’s instructions except for the Experimental PU material where it was prepared in bulk and sectioned to the desired dimension, 64 x 6 x 4 mm. A ‘V’ notch of approximately 0.8mm in depth was machine cut across the 6mm width. Prior to the Charpy type impact test, specimens were soaked in a water bath for 50 hours at 37ºC. ® Eclipse baseplate resin showed the highest 2 impact strength (2.73 kJ/m ±0.54) followed by ® 2 Meliodent Rapid Repair (2.50kJ/m ±0.65), ® 2 Meliodent Heat Cure (1.96kJ/m ±0.42) and 2 Experimental PU (1.04kJ/m ±0.29). One-way ANOVA showed significant interaction between materials (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Analysis of Variance
  19. SH, Ku, YS, Tan, Yahya NA
    Ann Dent, 2014;21(1):25-32.
    MyJurnal
    The study aimed to evaluate the quality of the hybrid
    layer form by three different adhesive systems. Class V
    cavities were prepared on the buccal surface of fourty
    extracted human premolars. The prepared teeth were
    randomly assigned into four groups according to the
    adhesive system and application mode. The systems
    were: Optibond S (OS, total-etch); Optibond Versa (OV,
    two-bottles, self-etch); Single Bond Universal (SBU,
    one-bottle, self-etch) and Single Bond Universal with
    etchant (SBU + etchant). All cavities were restored with
    composite (Filtek Z350XT). The samples were sectioned,
    polished and pretreated to remove minerals, protein
    and water prior to SEM evaluation. From the images,
    thickness of the hybrid layers was measured. Present of
    resin tags and adaptation failure were also recorded. The
    data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA, Dunnett’s
    T3, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. OS group
    showed the highest average hybrid layer thickness (4.34
    µm), followed by SBU + etchant (3.06 µm), OV (1.91 µm)
    and SBU (0.95 µm). Both adhesive and cohesive failures
    were observed in SBU group. Present of prominent resin
    tags were seen in both OS and OV groups. In conclusion,
    all the investigated adhesive systems were able to perform
    distinguishable actions as shown in micro-morphological
    alteration and hybrid layer thickness. Two-bottles, selfetch
    adhesive (OV) was proven to produce negligible
    adaptation failure compared to other adhesive systems in
    the present study. Combined all-in-one adhesive (SBU)
    was found to render a superior bonding performance in
    total-etch mode comparing to self-etch mode.
    Matched MeSH terms: Analysis of Variance
  20. KV, Lee, A, Philip, Yahya NA
    Ann Dent, 2015;22(1):30-37.
    MyJurnal
    To evaluate the effect of several beverages on the physical properties of SonicFill (Kerr Corp.,
    USA), a new bulk-fill dental composite, over a period of time. Methods: A total of 28 discs (10 mm x 2
    mm) were prepared and randomly assigned into 4 groups (n=7) according to the beverages they would
    be immersed in. The beverages chosen were Coca-Cola©, Nescafe© coffee, Lipton tea© and distilled
    water (control). Surface roughness, microhardness and colour stability were evaluated using 3D optical
    surface texture analyser, Vickers microhardness tester and spectrophotometer respectively. Readings
    were recorded at the time intervals of 24 hours, 1 week and 1 moth after immersion. The data obtained
    were analysed using one-way ANOVA, repeated measures ANOVA and MANOVA. Results: There were
    significant differences in surface roughness for only two pairs of groups (distilled water and Coca-Cola,
    distilled water and coffee). However, there was no significant difference between the groups within the
    chosen time. Statistical analysis showed significant difference in microhardness between time only for
    Coca-Cola, with significant differences between 24 hours and 1 week; and 24 hours and 1 month. For
    the colour evaluation, there was significant difference between the groups within time. Conclusions:
    All the beverages chosen were able to affect the physical properties of the SonicFill. However, no
    particular beverage had a higher or lower impact on the surface roughness than the other beverages.
    Microhardness was affected by distilled water and Coca-Cola, in ascending order. Colour was affected
    most by coffee, followed by tea and Coca-Cola.
    Matched MeSH terms: Analysis of Variance
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