Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 583 in total

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  1. Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents
  2. BETT WR
    Med J Malaya, 1956 Jun;10(4):338-40.
    PMID: 13399537
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents, Local*
  3. RODDIE TW
    Med J Malaya, 1960 Dec;15:62-4.
    PMID: 13742507
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents, Local*
  4. Nagreh DS
    Int J Dermatol, 1976 1 1;15(1):34-5.
    PMID: 1352
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents/adverse effects*
  5. Houghton PJ
    J Ethnopharmacol, 1984 Aug;11(3):293-308.
    PMID: 6482480
    Buddleja species play a minor role in the ethnopharmacology of several areas of the world where they are indigenous. Phytochemical investigation of the genus has been somewhat neglected but a picture is emerging of the type of constituents which are present in reasonable quantities, namely iridoid and flavonoid glycosides. Many of the uses of Buddleja in folk medicine such as a topical antiseptic and a diuretic can be partially explained at least by the known biological activity of compounds identical or similar to those found in the genus. Other reputed uses are, as yet, without explantation due to the incomplete state of knowledge of the chemistry and, to an even greater extent, the pharmacology of Buddleja.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents, Local
  6. Rajakumar MK, Ngeow YF, Khor BS, Lim KF
    Sex Transm Dis, 1988 1 1;15(1):25-6.
    PMID: 3162781
    Forty-three patients with uncomplicated gonorrhea were treated with 400 mg of ofloxacin. All had cultures negative for Neisseria gonorrhoeae at follow-up within two weeks of treatment. Minimal side effects were reported. Ofloxacin appears to be satisfactory as a single-dose oral drug for the treatment of gonococcal urethritis, including those cases caused by penicillinase-producing strains of N. gonorrhoeae.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use*
  7. Cheong LL, Chan RK, Nadarajah M
    Genitourin Med, 1992 Aug;68(4):260-2.
    PMID: 1328033
    To study the effectiveness of single-dose pefloxacin and ciprofloxacin in the treatment of uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis in males.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents*
  8. Ahmad N, Cheong YM, Tahir HM
    Malays J Pathol, 1994 Jun;16(1):63-7.
    PMID: 16329578
    Moraxella catarrhalis has gained reputation as a pathogen in the lower respiratory tract especially in patients with underlying chronic lung diseases. It is considered significant when isolated from sputum specimens of adults with respiratory tract infections. A study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Moraxella catarrhalis isolated in sputum specimens and beta-lactamase production of these isolates. Sputum specimens sent to the Bacteriology division, Institute for Medical Research from April 1990 until April 1993 were screened for Moraxella catarrhalis. A total of 1678 sputum specimens were processed and Moraxella catarrhalis was isolated from 15 (0.89%) of the sputum specimens. Six out of 15 (40%) were isolated from patients with chronic lung disease. Eight out of 15 (47%) were beta-lactamase producers. Moraxella catarrhalis isolated in good-quality sputum must not be disregarded and should be looked for especially in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Beta-lactamase production should be tested on all isolates so that appropriate treatment can be given. All the isolates in this study were sensitive to cotrimoxazole.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology
  9. Ibrahim D, Osman H
    J Ethnopharmacol, 1995 Mar;45(3):151-6.
    PMID: 7623478
    Ethanolic extract of Cassia alata leaves was investigated for its antimicrobial activities on several microorganisms including bacteria, yeast, dermatophytic fungi and non-dermatophytic fungi. In vitro, the extract exhibited high activity against various species of dermatophytic fungi but low activity against non-dermatophytic fungi. However, bacterial and yeast species showed resistance against in vitro treatment with the extract. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the extract revealed that Trichophyton mentagorphytes var. interdigitale, Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. mentagorophytes, Trichophyton rubrum and Microsporum gypseum had the MIC of 125 mg/ml, whereas Microsporum canis had the MIC of 62.5 mg/ml. The inhibition can be observed on the macroconidia of Microsporum gypseum which resulted in structural degeneration beyond repair. The mechanism of inhibition can be related to the cell leakage as observed by irregular, wrinkle shape and loss in rigidity of the macroconidia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology*
  10. Son R, Ansary A, Salmah I, Maznah A
    World J Microbiol Biotechnol, 1995 May;11(3):315-8.
    PMID: 24414656 DOI: 10.1007/BF00367107
    Thirty-five veterinary isolates of Salmonella enteritidis were characterized by their susceptibility to 10 antimicrobial agents and by their plasmid profiles on agarose gel electrophoresis. All were susceptible to carbenicillin, chloramphenicol and nalidixic acid but 89% were resistant to tetracycline. When examined, 91% of the isolates harboured plasmids, with sizes ranging from 9.8 to 60 MDa. However, it was only possible to associate the presence of plasmids with tetracycline resistance; plasmids occurring in 90% of the tetracycline-resistant isolates. In conjugation experiments, with Escherichia coli K12 Nal(r) as recipient, the tetracycline resistance in three selected S. enteritidis isolates was observed to transfer at frequencies of 3.0×10(-3) to 1.0×10(-2)/donor cell. The concomitant transfer of a 56-MDa or 60-MDa plasmid in these three S. enteritidis isolates was also detected.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents
  11. Sufarlan AW, Zainudin BM, Pit S, Ishak I
    Drugs, 1995;49 Suppl 2:442-5.
    PMID: 8549394
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use*
  12. Swaminathan, D., Moran, John, Addy, Martin
    Ann Dent, 1996;3(1):-.
    MyJurnal
    Side effects such as abrasion of the dental hard tissue have been frequently observed following the extensive use of mechanical cleansing. As promising antiseptics like chlorhexidine produces extrinsic dental staining on long term usage, there has been increasing interest and research generated towards chemically based stain removing agents. This invitro studyexamined whether some commercial oral hygiene products could inhibit chlorhexidine derived stain independent of any mechanical cleansing action. Perspex blocks were soaked in triplicate in chlorhexidine solution for 2 minutesand stain inhibition by these products was determined by further soaking the blocks in productl water slurries for 2 minutes and finally in tea solution for I hourly periods. The optical density (OD) of each specimen was determined at each hourly interval by spectrophotometry at 395 nm and the mean values obtained. At the end of the study, most of the products inhibited stain compared to water control and there was a variation in the stain inhibitingefficacyof the products. It is thus concluded that oral hygiene products like dentifricesand mouthrinses can inhibit chlorhexidine derived extrinsic dental stain to a variable degree through a chemical action by contained ingredients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents, Local
  13. Paramsothy M, Khanijow V, Ong TO
    Singapore Med J, 1997 Aug;38(8):347-9.
    PMID: 9364890
    Malignant Otitis Externa (MOE) can cause considerable morbidity and mortality in affected individuals. The outlook is now much improved with the use of ciprofloxacin, but it is important to ascertain that the infection has been completely eradicated before stopping treatment, as undertreatment may lead to a recurrence which is usually more resistant than the initial infection. Gallium-67 Single Photon Emmision Computerised Tomography (SPECT) is a sensitive and cost effective tool in monitoring the disease activity of MOE, and should be used in the assessment of the response to antibiotic therapy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use*
  14. Ismail NM, Mustapha MS, Megat R
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 1997 Nov;26(6):754-7.
    PMID: 9522974
    The aim of this study was to investigate if colloidal bismuth subcitrate (CBS) can penetrate the gastric mucus barrier to reach the different sites of the antral mucosa and to estimate the time course for CBS to reach and remain in the mucosa. A single dose of CBS was administered orally to rats that were sacrificed at different time intervals post treatment. The control group received gum acacia without CBS. Colloidal bismuth subcitrate, visualised as electron dense precipitate (EDP), was seen in the gastric mucus layer, intercellular spaces and intracellularly after 30 minutes and disappeared after 6 hours. Scant amounts of EDP were observed in the gastric crypts, confined only to the upper parts of these structures. We concluded that CBS can penetrate the mucus and has a wide but uneven distribution in the gastric mucosa. Colloidal bismuth subcitrate, in the concentration given only penetrated the upper two-thirds of gastric pits and not the lower one-third. We also concluded that CBS has to be given 6 hourly to ensure its continuous presence in the gastric mucosa.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents/administration & dosage; Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacokinetics*
  15. Zulfiqar MA, Zaleha AM, Zulkifli I, Chia WY, Samad SA
    Med J Malaysia, 1998 Sep;53(3):284-7.
    PMID: 10968168
    Three children aged 3-11 years had ultrasonography of the urinary tract for the investigation of dysuria and haematuria. A bladder mass was seen in these 3 children. One child had computed tomography scan, cystoscopy and bladder biopsy because rhabdomyosarcoma was considered. The biopsy revealed an inflammatory process. The urine culture of the other 2 children revealed E. coli. On ultrasonography, the inflammatory mass may appear homogeneously hypoechoic or may contain moderate level echoes. The mucosal surface of the mass may be smooth or lobulated. It is important to consider an infective cause for a bladder mass in children because computed tomography, cystoscopy and biopsy may be avoided.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary/therapeutic use
  16. Goh KL, Cutler A, Chua AB, Ding RP, Kandasami P, Mazlam MZ, et al.
    J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 1999 Jan;14(1):32-8.
    PMID: 10029275
    The aim of the present study was to determine the cost-efficiency of different duodenal ulcer disease treatment practices in Malaysia. Six Malaysian gastroenterologists met to discuss the direct costs related to Helicobacter pylori (HP) eradication treatment. Five treatment strategies were compared: (i) histamine H2 receptor antagonists (H2RA), acid suppression therapy for 6 weeks followed by maintenance therapy as needed; (ii) bismuth triple + proton pump inhibitor (PPI), bismuth (120 mg, q.i.d.), metronidazole (400 mg; t.i.d.), tetracycline (500 mg, q.i.d.) for 7 days and PPI, b.i.d., for 7 days; (iii) OAC, omeprazole (20 mg, b.i.d.), amoxycillin (1000 mg, b.i.d.) and clarithromycin (500 mg, b.i.d.) for 7 days; (iv) OMC, omeprazole (20mg, b.i.d.), metronidazole (400mg, b.i.d.) and clarithromycin (500 mg, b.i.d.) for 7 days; and (v) OAM, omeprazole (20 mg, b.i.d.), amoxycillin (1000 mg, b.i.d.) and metronidazole (400 mg, b.i.d.) for 7 days. A decision tree model was created to determine which therapy would be the most cost-effective. The model considered eradication rates, resistance to anti-microbial agents, compliance and cost implications of treatment regimens, physician visits and ulcer recurrences during a 1 year time period assumption. The H2RA maintenance therapy was the most expensive treatment at Malaysian Ringgit (MR) 2335, followed by bismuth triple therapy (MR 1839), OMC (MR 1786), OAM (MR 1775) and OAC, being the most cost-effective therapy, at MR 1679. In conclusion, HP eradication therapy is superior to H2RA maintenance therapy in the treatment of duodenal ulcer disease. Of the HP eradication regimens, OAC is the most cost-effective.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use
  17. Haresh K, Suresh K, Khairul Anus A, Saminathan S
    Trop Med Int Health, 1999 Apr;4(4):274-7.
    PMID: 10357863
    Isolates of Blastocystis hominis from infected immigrant workers from Indonesia, Bangladesh and infected individuals from Singapore and Malaysia were assessed for growth pattern and degree of resistance to different concentrations of metronidazole. Viability of the cells was assessed using eosin-brillian cresyl blue which stained viable cells green and nonviable cells red. The Bangladeshi and Singaporean isolates were nonviable even at the lowest concentration of 0.01 mg/ml, whereas 40% of the initial inoculum of parasites from the Indonesian isolate at day one were still viable in cultures with 1.0 mg/ml metronidazole. The study shows that isolates of B. hominis of different geographical origin have different levels of resistance to metronidazole. The search for more effective drugs to eliminate th parasite appears inevitable, especially since surviving parasites from metronidazole cultures show greater ability to multiply in subcultures than controls.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology*
  18. Mohamed KB
    J Pediatr, 1999 Sep;135(3):396.
    PMID: 10484812
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents/adverse effects*
  19. Pakianathan MR, Kamarulzaman A, Ismail R, McMillan A, Scott GR
    AIDS, 1999 Sep 10;13(13):1787-8.
    PMID: 10509585
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents/adverse effects*; Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use
  20. Al-Haddawi MH, Jasni S, Son R, Mutalib AR, Bahaman AR, Zamri-Saad M, et al.
    J Gen Appl Microbiol, 1999 Dec;45(6):269-275.
    PMID: 12501355
    Forty isolates of Pasteurella multocida from healthy (17 isolates) and diseased (23 isolates) rabbits were assayed for the presence of plasmids in seeking to determine whether any correlation exists between the presence of plasmids and health status, sensitivity to antimicrobial agents, capsular and somatic type, and the anatomic site of isolation. Six isolates were found harboring plasmids. A similar ladder pattern ranging from 18 to 3 megadalton (Mda) were found in three isolates recovered from diseased rabbits. One band of molecular weight 6.6 Mda was shared by four of five (4/5) isolates from the diseased rabbits. No correlation was found between the presence of the common plasmids and serotype, resistance to antimicrobial agents, and anatomic sites from which the bacteria were cultured. Random amplification polymorphic DNA was applied to subtype all the isolates of P. multocida. Two single primers were tested for their abilities to generate individual fingerprints by using PCR. Primer 1 grouped the isolates into 7 profiles, and primer 2 grouped them into 15. Random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) results show the presence of a wide heterogeneity within P. multocida isolates. Therefore RAPD-PCR is an efficient technique to detect the DNA polymorphism and could be used to discriminate P. multocida of rabbit isolates together with serologic typing.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents
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