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  1. An agar diffusion study comparing the antimicrobial activity of Nanoseal with some other endodontic sealers
    Aal-Saraj AB, Ariffin Z, Masudi SM
    Aust Endod J, 2012 Aug;38(2):60-3.
    PMID: 22827817 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-4477.2010.00241.x
    The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of a new experimental nano-hydroxyapatite epoxy resin-based sealer (Nanoseal) with several other commercially available sealers; AH26, Tubliseal, Sealapex and Roekoseal against Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus and Escherichia coli for up to 7 days. Agar diffusion was used in this study. Fifty Muller-Hinton agar plates were prepared and divided into five experimental groups (n = 10), for each micro-organism. Another 10 agar plates were used as positive and negative controls. Endodontic sealers were tested against each micro-organism. Inhibition zones produced were recorded. The results of this study showed that all test materials exhibited inhibition zones towards the tested micro-organisms for 7 days except for Roekoseal, which showed no inhibition zones. Nanoseal and AH26 exhibited similar zones of inhibition. Significant difference was found between Nanoseal and the other tested sealers (P < 0.001).
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology*
  2. Antimicrobial susceptibility and occurrence of resistance genes among Salmonella enterica serovar Weltevreden from different countries
    Aarestrup FM, Lertworapreecha M, Evans MC, Bangtrakulnonth A, Chalermchaikit T, Hendriksen RS, et al.
    J Antimicrob Chemother, 2003 Oct;52(4):715-8.
    PMID: 12972453
    This study was conducted to investigate the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance among Salmonella Weltevreden isolates from different sources in South-East Asia (Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam), Australia, Denmark, New Zealand and the USA.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology*
  3. Fulltext Stingless Bee Honey, the Natural Wound Healer: A Review
    Abd Jalil MA, Kasmuri AR, Hadi H
    Skin Pharmacol Physiol, 2017;30(2):66-75.
    PMID: 28291965 DOI: 10.1159/000458416
    BACKGROUND: The stingless bee is a natural type of bee that exists in almost every continent. The honey produced by this bee has been widely used across time and space. The distinctive feature of this honey is that it is stored naturally in the pot (cerumen), thus contributing to its beneficial properties, especially in the wound healing process.

    METHODS: In this article, several studies on stingless bee honey that pointed out the numerous therapeutic profiles of this honey in terms of its antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, as well as moisturizing properties are reviewed. All of these therapeutic properties are related to wound healing properties.

    RESULTS: Antioxidant in stingless bee honey could break the chain of free radicals that cause a detrimental effect to the wounded area. Furthermore, the antimicrobial properties of stingless bee honey could overcome the bacterial contamination and thus improve the healing rate. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory attribute in this honey could protect the tissue from highly toxic inflammatory mediators. The moisturizing properties of the honey could improve wound healing by promoting angiogenesis and oxygen circulation.

    CONCLUSION: The application of honey to the wound has been widely used since ancient times. As a result, it is essential to understand the pharmacological mechanism of the honey towards the physiology of the wounded skin in order to optimize the healing rate in the future.

    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents/administration & dosage; Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology
  4. Fulltext The role of natural antioxidants in cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity
    Abd Rashid N, Abd Halim SAS, Teoh SL, Budin SB, Hussan F, Adib Ridzuan NR, et al.
    Biomed Pharmacother, 2021 Dec;144:112328.
    PMID: 34653753 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112328
    Cisplatin is a potent platinum-based anticancer drug approved by the Food Drug Administration (FDA) in 1978. Despite its advantages against solid tumors, cisplatin confers toxicity to various tissues that limit its clinical uses. In cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity, few mechanisms have been identified, which started as excess generation of reactive oxygen species that leads to oxidative stress, inflammation, DNA damage and apoptosis in the liver. Various natural products, plant extracts and oil rich in flavonoids, terpenoids, polyphenols, and phenolic acids were able to minimize oxidative stress by restoring the level of antioxidant enzymes and acting as an anti-inflammatory agent. Likewise, treatment with honey and royal jelly was demonstrated to decrease serum transaminases and scavenge free radicals in the liver after cisplatin administration. Medicinal properties of these natural products have a promising potential as a complementary therapy to counteract cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity. This review concentrated on the protective role of several natural products, which has been proven in the laboratory findings to combat cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use
  5. Antimicrobial activity of Ficus deltoidea Jack (Mas Cotek)
    Abdsamah O, Zaidi NT, Sule AB
    Pak J Pharm Sci, 2012 Jul;25(3):675-8.
    PMID: 22713960
    Present study aimed to investigate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the chloroform, methanol and aqueous extracts of Ficus deltoidea at 10mg/ml, 20mg/ml and 50 mg/ml, respectively using the disc diffusion method against 2 Gram positive {Staphylococcus aureus (IMR S-277), Bacillus subtilis (IMR K-1)}, 2 Gram negative {Escherichia coli (IMR E-940), Pseudomonas aeroginosa (IMR P-84)} and 1 fungal strain, Candida albicans (IMR C-44). All the extracts showed inhibitory activity on the fungus, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria strains tested except for the chloroform and aqueous extracts on B. subtilis, E. coli, and P. aeroginosa. The methanol extract exhibited good antibacterial and antifungal activities against the test organisms. The methanol extract significantly inhibited the growth of S. aureus forming a wide inhibition zone (15.67 ± 0.58 mm) and lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value (3.125 mg/ml). B. subtilis was the least sensitive to the chloroform extract (6.33 ± 0.58 mm) and highest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value (25 mg/ml). Antimicrobial activity of F. deltoidea in vitro further justifies its utility in folkleric medicines for the treatment of infections of microbial origin.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology*
  6. The effect of selected plant extracts on the development of single-species dental biofilms
    Abdul Rahim ZH, Shaikh S, Hasnor Wan Ismail WN, Wan Harun WH, Razak FA
    J Coll Physicians Surg Pak, 2014 Nov;24(11):796-801.
    PMID: 25404435 DOI: 11.2014/JCPSP.796801
    To determine the effect of a mixture of plant extracts on the adherence and retention of bacteria in dental biofilm.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology*
  7. Fulltext The antibacterial efficacy of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is not modulated by potassium iodide (KI) supplements: A study on in-situ plaque biofilms using viability real-time PCR with propidium monoazide
    Abdullah N, Al Marzooq F, Mohamad S, Abd Rahman N, Rani KGA, Chi Ngo H, et al.
    PLoS One, 2020;15(11):e0241519.
    PMID: 33141868 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241519
    Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is commonly used to arrest caries lesions, especially in early childhood caries. Recently, it was suggested that SDF can be combined with potassium iodide (KI) to minimize the discoloration of demineralized dentine associated with SDF application. However, the antibacterial efficacy of SDF alone or combined with KI on in-situ biofilm is unknown. Hence, we compared the anti-plaque biofilm efficacy of two different commercially available SDF solutions, with or without KI, using an in-situ biofilm, analysed using viability real-time PCR with propidium monoazide (PMA). Appliance-borne in-situ biofilm samples (n = 90) were grown for a period of 6 h in five healthy subjects who repeated the experiment on three separate occasions, using a validated, novel, intraoral device. The relative anti-biofilm efficacy of two SDF formulations; 38.0% Topamine (SDFT) and 31.3%, Riva Star (SDFR), KI alone, and KI in combination with SDFR (SDFR+KI) was compared. The experiments were performed by applying an optimized volume of the agents onto the biofilm for 1min, mimicking the standard clinical procedure. Afterwards the viability of the residual biofilm bacteria was quantified using viability real-time PCR with PMA, then the percentage of viable from total bacteria was calculated. Both SDF formulations (SDFT and SDFR) exhibited potent antibacterial activities against the in-situ biofilm; however, there was non-significant difference in their efficacy. KI alone did not demonstrate any antibacterial effect, and there was non-significant difference in the antibacterial efficacy of SDF alone compared to SDF with KI, (SDFT v SDFR/KI). Thus, we conclude that the antibacterial efficacy of SDF against plaque biofilms is not modulated by KI supplements. Viability real-time PCR with PMA was successfully used to analyze the viability of naturally grown oral biofilm; thus, the same method can be used to test the antimicrobial effect of other agents on oral biofilms in future research.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents
  8. Fulltext Cranial neural tube defect after trimethoprim exposure
    Abdullah NL, Gunasekaran R, Mohd-Zin SW, Lim BH, Maniam P, Mohd-Salleh AS, et al.
    BMC Res Notes, 2018 Jul 16;11(1):475.
    PMID: 30012199 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3593-1
    OBJECTIVES: The Neural Tube Defects Research Group of University of Malaya was approached to analyze a tablet named TELSE, which may have resulted in a baby born with central nervous system malformation at the University of Malaya Medical Centre. In this animal experimental study, we investigated the content of TELSE and exposure of its contents that resulted in failure of primary neurulation.

    RESULTS: Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass spectrophotometry analysis of the TELSE tablet confirmed the presence of trimethoprim as the active compound. The TELSE tablet-treated females produced significant numbers of embryos with exencephaly (n = 8, 36.4%, *P 

    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary/toxicity*
  9. Status of the effectiveness of contact lens disinfectants in Malaysia against keratitis-causing pathogens
    Abjani F, Khan NA, Jung SY, Siddiqui R
    Exp Parasitol, 2017 Dec;183:187-193.
    PMID: 28919333 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2017.09.007
    The aim of this study was (i) to assess the antimicrobial effects of contact lens disinfecting solutions marketed in Malaysia against common bacterial eye pathogens and as well as eye parasite, Acanthamoeba castellanii, and (ii) to determine whether targeting cyst wall would improve the efficacy of contact lens disinfectants. Using ISO 14729 Stand-Alone Test for disinfecting solutions, bactericidal and amoebicidal assays of six different contact lens solutions including Oxysept®, AO SEPT PLUS, OPTI-FREE® pure moist®, Renu® fresh™, FreshKon® CLEAR and COMPLETE RevitaLens™ were performed using Manufacturers Minimum recommended disinfection time (MRDT). The efficacy of contact lens solutions was determined against keratitis-causing microbes, namely: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Acanthamoeba castellanii. In addition, using chlorhexidine as an antiamoebic compound and cellulase enzyme to disrupt cyst wall structure, we determined whether combination of both agents can enhance efficacy of marketed contact lens disinfectants against A. castellanii trophozoites and cysts, in vitro. The results revealed that all contact lens disinfectants tested showed potent bactericidal effects exhibiting 100% kill against all bacterial species tested. In contrast, none of the contact lens disinfectants had potent effects against Acanthamoeba cysts viability. When tested against trophozoites, two disinfectants, Oxysept Multipurpose and AO-sept Multipurpose showed partial amoebicidal effects. Using chlorhexidine as an antiamoebic compound and cellulase enzyme to disrupt cyst wall structure, the findings revealed that combination of both agents in contact lens disinfectants abolished viability of A. castellanii cysts and trophozoites. Given the inefficacy of contact lens disinfectants tested in this study, these findings present a significant concern to public health. These findings revealed that targeting cyst wall by using cyst wall degrading molecules in contact lens disinfecting solutions will enhance their efficacy against this devastating eye infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents, Local/pharmacology*
  10. Thermoluminescence properties of the Cu-doped lithium potassium borate glass
    Aboud H, Wagiran H, Hussin R, Ali H, Alajerami Y, Saeed MA
    Appl Radiat Isot, 2014 Aug;90:35-9.
    PMID: 24681645 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.01.012
    Characteristics of lithium potassium borate glasses with various copper concentrations are reported. The glasses were prepared by the melt quenching method and irradiated with photons to doses in the 0.5-4.0 Gy range. Glowing curves, dose response curves, reproducibility of the response, dose threshold, thermal fading and optical bleaching were studied.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents
  11. Fulltext Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Docking Studies of 6-Aryl-2-Styrylquinazolin-4(3H)-Ones
    Agbo EN, Makhafola TJ, Choong YS, Mphahlele MJ, Ramasami P
    Molecules, 2015 Dec 25;21(1):E28.
    PMID: 26712730 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21010028
    Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of 6-bromo-2-styrylquinazolin-4(3H)-ones with arylboronic acids afforded a series of novel 6-aryl-2-styrylquinazolin-4(3H)-ones. These compounds were evaluated for potential anticancer properties against the human renal (TK-10), melanoma (UACC-62) and breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines. Their antimicrobial properties were also evaluated against six Gram-positive and four Gram-negative bacteria, as well as two strains of fungi. Molecular docking studies (in silico) were conducted on compounds 5a, b, d and 6a, b, d-f to recognize the hypothetical binding motif of the title compounds within the active site of the dihydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthase enzymes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents/chemical synthesis*; Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology; Anti-Infective Agents/chemistry
  12. The in vitro efficacy of antimicrobial agents against the pathogenic free-living amoeba Balamuthia mandrillaris
    Ahmad AF, Heaselgrave W, Andrew PW, Kilvington S
    J. Eukaryot. Microbiol., 2013 Sep-Oct;60(5):539-43.
    PMID: 23869955 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12062
    The free-living amoeba Balamuthia mandrillaris causes usually fatal encephalitis in humans and animals. Only limited studies have investigated the efficacy of antimicrobial agents against the organism. Assay methods were developed to assess antimicrobial efficacy against both the trophozoite and cyst stage of B. mandrillaris (ATCC 50209). Amphotericin B, ciclopirox olamine, miltefosine, natamycin, paromomycin, pentamidine isethionate, protriptyline, spiramycin, sulconazole and telithromycin had limited activity with amoebacidal levels of > 135-500 μM. However, diminazene aceturate (Berenil(®) ) was amoebacidal at 7.8 μM and 31.3-61.5 μM for trophozoites and cysts, respectively. Assays for antimicrobial testing may improve the prognosis for infection and aid in the development of primary selective culture isolation media.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology*
  13. Fulltext Efficient Synthesis of Novel Pyridine-Based Derivatives via Suzuki Cross-Coupling Reaction of Commercially Available 5-Bromo-2-methylpyridin-3-amine: Quantum Mechanical Investigations and Biological Activities
    Ahmad G, Rasool N, Ikram HM, Gul Khan S, Mahmood T, Ayub K, et al.
    Molecules, 2017 Jan 27;22(2).
    PMID: 28134790 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22020190
    The present study describes palladium-catalyzed one pot Suzuki cross-coupling reaction to synthesize a series of novel pyridine derivatives 2a-2i, 4a-4i. In brief, Suzuki cross-coupling reaction of 5-bromo-2-methylpyridin-3-amine (1) directly or via N-[5-bromo-2-methylpyridine-3-yl]acetamide (3) with several arylboronic acids produced these novel pyridine derivatives in moderate to good yield. Density functional theory (DFT) studies were carried out for the pyridine derivatives 2a-2i and 4a-4i by using B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) basis with the help of GAUSSIAN 09 suite programme. The frontier molecular orbitals analysis, reactivity indices, molecular electrostatic potential and dipole measurements with the help of DFT methods, described the possible reaction pathways and potential candidates as chiral dopants for liquid crystals. The anti-thrombolytic, biofilm inhibition and haemolytic activities of pyridine derivatives were also investigated. In particular, the compound 4b exhibited the highest percentage lysis value (41.32%) against clot formation in human blood among all newly synthesized compounds. In addition, the compound 4f was found to be the most potent against Escherichia coli with an inhibition value of 91.95%. The rest of the pyridine derivatives displayed moderate biological activities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology; Anti-Infective Agents/chemistry
  14. Fulltext Bioactivity and Pharmacological Potential of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Against Pandemic COVID-19: a Comprehensive Review
    Ahmad Mohd Zain MR, Abdul Kari Z, Dawood MAO, Nik Ahmad Ariff NS, Salmuna ZN, Ismail N, et al.
    Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 2022 Oct;194(10):4587-4624.
    PMID: 35579740 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03952-2
    A novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) or severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), transmitted from person to person, has quickly emerged as the pandemic responsible for the current global health crisis. This infection has been declared a global pandemic, resulting in a concerning number of deaths as well as complications post-infection, primarily among vulnerable groups particularly older people and those with multiple comorbidities. In this article, we review the most recent research on the role of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruits (DPFs) to prevent or treat COVID-19 infection. The mechanisms underlying this preventive or therapeutic effect are also discussed in terms of bioactivity potentials in date palm, e.g., antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and hemolytic potential, as well as prospect against COVID-19 disease and the potential product development. Therefore, it can be concluded that regular consumption of DPFs may be associated with a lower risk of some chronic diseases. Indeed, DPFs have been widely used in folk medicine since ancient times to treat a variety of health conditions, demonstrating the importance of DPFs as a nutraceutical and source of functional nourishment. This comprehensive review aims to summarize the majority of the research on DPFs in terms of nutrient content and biologically active components such as phenolic compounds, with an emphasis on their roles in improving overall health as well as the potential product development to ensure consumers' satisfaction in a current pandemic situation. In conclusion, DPFs can be given to COVID-19 patients as a safe and effective add-on medication or supplement in addition to routine treatments.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents*
  15. Isolation of Moraxella catarrhalis from sputum specimens of Malaysian patients
    Ahmad N, Cheong YM, Tahir HM
    Malays J Pathol, 1994 Jun;16(1):63-7.
    PMID: 16329578
    Moraxella catarrhalis has gained reputation as a pathogen in the lower respiratory tract especially in patients with underlying chronic lung diseases. It is considered significant when isolated from sputum specimens of adults with respiratory tract infections. A study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Moraxella catarrhalis isolated in sputum specimens and beta-lactamase production of these isolates. Sputum specimens sent to the Bacteriology division, Institute for Medical Research from April 1990 until April 1993 were screened for Moraxella catarrhalis. A total of 1678 sputum specimens were processed and Moraxella catarrhalis was isolated from 15 (0.89%) of the sputum specimens. Six out of 15 (40%) were isolated from patients with chronic lung disease. Eight out of 15 (47%) were beta-lactamase producers. Moraxella catarrhalis isolated in good-quality sputum must not be disregarded and should be looked for especially in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Beta-lactamase production should be tested on all isolates so that appropriate treatment can be given. All the isolates in this study were sensitive to cotrimoxazole.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology
  16. Biomimetic amphiphilic chitosan nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity
    Ahmad N, Wee CE, Wai LK, Zin NM, Azmi F
    Carbohydr Polym, 2021 Feb 15;254:117299.
    PMID: 33357867 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117299
    Naturally derived antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are an attractive source of new antimicrobial agents. However, clinical application of AMPs is associated with poor bioavailability and toxicity. In this study, we address these limitations by designing a new series of chitosan derivatives to mimic the amphiphilic topology of AMPs. The synthesized chitosan derivatives were found to self-assemble into nanoparticles in the aqueous environment. Among the compounds, a chitosan derivative grafted with arginine and oleic acid (CH-Arg-OA) exhibited the most potent antimicrobial activity, especially against Gram-negative bacteria. It also caused minimal cell death when tested in HEK293 and HepG2 cell lines, thus confirming the role of cationicity and lipophilicity for selective bacteria targeting. CH-Arg-OA exhibited its antimicrobial activity by disrupting bacterial membranes and causing the leakage of cytoplasmic contents. Thus, amphiphilic chitosan nanoparticles offer a great promise as a new class of AMPs mimics that is effective against Gram-negative bacteria.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents
  17. Fulltext Volatile profiling of aromatic traditional medicinal plant, Polygonum minus in different tissues and its biological activities
    Ahmad R, Baharum SN, Bunawan H, Lee M, Mohd Noor N, Rohani ER, et al.
    Molecules, 2014 Nov 20;19(11):19220-42.
    PMID: 25420073 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191119220
    The aim of this research was to identify the volatile metabolites produced in different organs (leaves, stem and roots) of Polygonum minus, an important essential oil producing crop in Malaysia. Two methods of extraction have been applied: Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) and hydrodistillation coupled with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Approximately, 77 metabolites have been identified and aliphatic compounds contribute significantly towards the aroma and flavour of this plant. Two main aliphatic compounds: decanal and dodecanal were found to be the major contributor. Terpenoid metabolites were identified abundantly in leaves but not in the stem and root of this plant. Further studies on antioxidant, total phenolic content, anticholinesterase and antimicrobial activities were determined in the essential oil and five different extracts. The plant showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity in polar (ethanol) extract for all the tissues tested. For anti-acetylcholinesterase activity, leaf in aqueous extract and methanol extract showed the best acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities. However, in microbial activity, the non-polar extracts (n-hexane) showed high antimicrobial activity against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) compared to polar extracts. This study could provide the first step in the phytochemical profiles of volatile compounds and explore the additional value of pharmacology properties of this essential oil producing crop Polygonum minus.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology
  18. Fulltext Antibacterial activity of extracted hemolymph from larvae and pupae of local fly species, Musca domestica and Chrysomya megacephala
    Ahmad Zorin Sahalan, Baharudin Omar, Aima Yusirah Mohamed, Jeffery, John
    Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2006;4(2):1-11.
    MyJurnal
    Natural peptides in insect vectors played an important role in the control of
    pathogens. Musca domestica Linnaeus and Chrysomya megacephala Fabricius were
    two species of local fly chosen to detect presence of antimicrobial peptide substance.
    The screening of the antimicrobial activity was carried using a spectrophotometric
    method. Results were obtained much quicker and less laborious. The results showed
    larva hemolymph of M. domestica lysed Bacillus subtilis and two Gram negatives,
    Escherichia coli and Pseudomona. aeruginosa. The pupae hemolymph only lysed E.
    coli. Whereas, the hemolymph of C. megacephala larva showed bactericidal effect
    against both of the Gram positives tested, i.e. B. subtilis and Staph. aureus. and no
    effect was against the Gram negatives. The pupa showed lytic activity against Staph.
    aureus and P. aeruginosa. As a conclusion, the larva and pupa hemolymph of M.
    domestica and C. megacephala demonstrated antibacterial activity. However, larva
    hemolymph of M. domestica and C. megacephala has broader antibacterial activity
    against both Gram positive and negative bacteria.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents
  19. PVA-PEG physically cross-linked hydrogel film as a wound dressing: experimental design and optimization
    Ahmed AS, Mandal UK, Taher M, Susanti D, Jaffri JM
    Pharm Dev Technol, 2018 Oct;23(8):751-760.
    PMID: 28378604 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2017.1295067
    The development of hydrogel films as wound healing dressings is of a great interest owing to their biological tissue-like nature. Polyvinyl alcohol/polyethylene glycol (PVA/PEG) hydrogels loaded with asiaticoside, a standardized rich fraction of Centella asiatica, were successfully developed using the freeze-thaw method. Response surface methodology with Box-Behnken experimental design was employed to optimize the hydrogels. The hydrogels were characterized and optimized by gel fraction, swelling behavior, water vapor transmission rate and mechanical strength. The formulation with 8% PVA, 5% PEG 400 and five consecutive freeze-thaw cycles was selected as the optimized formulation and was further characterized by its drug release, rheological study, morphology, cytotoxicity and microbial studies. The optimized formulation showed more than 90% drug release at 12 hours. The rheological properties exhibited that the formulation has viscoelastic behavior and remains stable upon storage. Cell culture studies confirmed the biocompatible nature of the optimized hydrogel formulation. In the microbial limit tests, the optimized hydrogel showed no microbial growth. The developed optimized PVA/PEG hydrogel using freeze-thaw method was swellable, elastic, safe, and it can be considered as a promising new wound dressing formulation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents/administration & dosage*; Anti-Infective Agents/chemistry
  20. Size selectivity in antibiofilm activity of 3-(diphenylphosphino)propanoic acid coated gold nanomaterials against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans
    Ahmed D, Anwar A, Khan AK, Ahmed A, Shah MR, Khan NA
    AMB Express, 2017 Nov 21;7(1):210.
    PMID: 29164404 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-017-0515-x
    Biofilm formation by pathogenic bacteria is one of the major threats in hospital related infections, hence inhibiting and eradicating biofilms has become a primary target for developing new anti-infection approaches. The present study was aimed to develop novel antibiofilm agents against two Gram-positive bacteria; Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 43300) and Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) using gold nanomaterials conjugated with 3-(diphenylphosphino)propionic acid (Au-LPa). Gold nanomaterials with different sizes as 2-3 nm small and 9-90 nm (50 nm average size) large were stabilized by LPa via different chemical synthetic strategies. The nanomaterials were fully characterized using atomic force microscope (AFM), transmission electron microscope, ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, and Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy. Antibiofilm activity of Au-LPa nanomaterials was tested using LPa alone, Au-LPa and unprotected gold nanomaterials against the both biofilm-producing bacteria. The results showed that LPa alone did not inhibit biofilm formation to a significant extent below 0.025 mM, while conjugation with gold nanomaterials displayed manifold enhanced antibiofilm potential against both strains. Moreover, it was also observed that the antibiofilm potency of the Au-LPa nanomaterials varies with size variations of nanomaterials. AFM analysis of biofilms further complemented the assay results and provided morphological aspects of the antibiofilm action of Au-LPa nanomaterials.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents
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