Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 654 in total

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  1. Artemisia argyi extract exerts antioxidant properties and extends the lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster
    Yang Y, Cao Y, Zhang J, Fan L, Huang Y, Tan TC, et al.
    J Sci Food Agric, 2024 May;104(7):3926-3935.
    PMID: 38252625 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13273
    BACKGROUND: Chinese mugwort (Artemisia argyi) possesses extensive pharmacological activities associated with anti-tumour, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. The present study aimed to investigate the antioxidant and anti-ageing effects of A. argyi extract (AAE) on the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) ageing model by detecting antioxidant enzyme activities and the mRNA level of antioxidant genes.

    RESULTS: AAE could significantly lengthen the mean lifespan, 50% survival days, and maximum lifespan of D. melanogaster, especially when the amount of AAE added reached 6.68 mg mL-1, the mean lifespan of both female and male flies increased by 23.74% and 22.30%, respectively, indicating the effective life extension effect of AAE. At the same time, AAE could improve the climbing ability and tolerance to hydrogen peroxide in D. melanogaster. In addition, the addition of AAE effectively increased the activities of copper-zinc-containing superoxide dismutase, manganese-containing superoxide dismutase and catalase in D. melanogaster and reduced the contents of malondialdehyde. Moreover, when reared with diets containing AAE, the expression of antioxidant-related genes SOD1, SOD2 and CAT was up-regulated in D. melanogaster and down-regulated for MTH genes.

    CONCLUSION: The study indicates that AAE effectively enhances the antioxidant capacity of D. melanogaster and has potential applications as an antioxidant and anti-ageing agent in the nutraceutical industry. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

    Matched MeSH terms: Antioxidants/pharmacology
  2. Pro-inflammatory enzyme inhibition of lipoxygenases by flavonoid rich extract from Artemisia vulgaris
    Lim JR, Chua LS, Mustaffa AA
    J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci, 2024 Apr 15;1237:124072.
    PMID: 38484676 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124072
    The peroxyl radicals generated by the activity of lipoxygenases (LOX) are mediators to trigger inflammatory diseases. Therefore, it is important to investigate potent LOX inhibitor for modulating the occurrence and resolving inflammatory processes. Artemisa vulgaris, is a herbal plant that is known for flavonoids, potentially inhibiting lipid peroxidation and scavenging radicals. The objectives of the present study were to obtain flavonoids rich extract from A. vulgaris, and determine the inhibitory mode of the extract against LOX. The flavonoids rich extract was optimized in an ultrasound assisted extraction using ionic liquids as extraction solvent. The results found that the optimum conditions; ratio of solid-to-liquid (1:10) and 30 min of extraction time could produce the high yield (10.14 %) and flavonoid content (5.30 mg QE/g). The LOX activity was demonstrated to follow a mixed mode of inhibition in the presence of the flavonoid rich extract as an inhibitor. The Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) was increased from 0.283 µM to 0.435 µM, whereas the maximum velocity was reduced from 0.22 µM/min to 0.058 µM/min in the inhibition. The flavonoids rich extract is likely to be a natural potent non-competitive inhibitor which may bind to free LOX or substrate-bound LOX.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antioxidants/pharmacology
  3. Starch biopolymer films containing chitosan nanoparticles: A review
    Othman SH, Shapi'i RA, Ronzi NDA
    Carbohydr Polym, 2024 Apr 01;329:121735.
    PMID: 38286535 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121735
    Starch biopolymer films incorporated with chitosan nanoparticles (CNP) or starch/CNP films are promising alternatives to non-degradable food packaging materials. The films can be utilized for active food packaging applications because CNP exhibits antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, which can improve food shelf-life. Nonetheless, knowledge of the effects of CNP inclusion on the properties of starch films is not fully elucidated. This paper reviews the influences of various concentrations of CNP, sizes of CNP, and other additives on the mechanical, thermal, barrier, antimicrobial, antioxidant, biodegradability, and cytotoxicity properties of starch/CNP films as well as the mechanisms involved in relation to food packaging applications. The usage of starch/CNP films for active food packaging can help to reduce environmental issues and contribute to food safety and security.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antioxidants/pharmacology
  4. Fulltext Zerumbone liquid crystalline nanoparticles protect against oxidative stress, inflammation and senescence induced by cigarette smoke extract in vitro
    Paudel KR, Clarence DD, Panth N, Manandhar B, De Rubis G, Devkota HP, et al.
    Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol, 2024 Apr;397(4):2465-2483.
    PMID: 37851060 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02760-7
    The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of zerumbone-loaded liquid crystalline nanoparticles (ZER-LCNs) in the protection of broncho-epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages against oxidative stress, inflammation and senescence induced by cigarette smoke extract in vitro. The effect of the treatment of ZER-LCNs on in vitro cell models of cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-treated mouse RAW264.7 and human BCi-NS1.1 basal epithelial cell lines was evaluated for their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-senescence activities using colorimetric and fluorescence-based assays, fluorescence imaging, RT-qPCR and proteome profiler kit. The ZER-LCNs successfully reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory markers including Il-6, Il-1β and Tnf-α, as well as the production of nitric oxide in RAW 264.7 cells. Additionally, ZER-LCNs successfully inhibited oxidative stress through reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and regulation of genes, namely GPX2 and GCLC in BCi-NS1.1 cells. Anti-senescence activity of ZER-LCNs was also observed in BCi-NS1.1 cells, with significant reductions in the expression of SIRT1, CDKN1A and CDKN2A. This study demonstrates strong in vitro anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and anti-senescence activities of ZER-LCNs paving the path for this formulation to be translated into a promising therapeutic agent for chronic respiratory inflammatory conditions including COPD and asthma.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antioxidants/pharmacology
  5. Synthesis and characterization of marine seagrass (Cymodocea serrulata) mediated titanium dioxide nanoparticles for antibacterial, antibiofilm and antioxidant properties
    Narayanan M, Srinivasan S, Gnanasekaran C, Ramachandran G, Chelliah CK, Rajivgandhi G, et al.
    Microb Pathog, 2024 Apr;189:106595.
    PMID: 38387848 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106595
    Cymodocea serrulata mediated titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) were successfully synthesized. The XRD pattern and FTIR spectra demonstrated the crystalline structure of TiO2 NPs and the presence of phenols, flavonoids and alkaloids in the extract. Further SEM revealed that TiO2 NPs has uniform structure and spherical in shape with their size ranged from 58 to 117 nm. Antibacterial activity of TiO2 NPs against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Vibrio cholerae (V. cholerae), provided the zone of inhibition of 33.9 ± 1.7 and 36.3 ± 1.9 mm, respectively at 100 μg/mL concentration. MIC of TiO2 NPs against MRSA and V. cholerae showed 84% and 87% inhibition at 180 μg/mL and 160 μg/mL respectively. Subsequently, the sub-MIC of V. cholerae demonstrated minimal or no impact on bacterial growth at concentration of 42.5 μg/mL concentration. In addition, TiO2 NPs exhibited their ability to inhibit the biofilm forming V. cholerae which caused distinct morphological and intercellular damages analysed using CLSM and TEM. The antioxidant properties of TiO2 NPs were demonstrated through TAA and DPPH assays and exposed its scavenging activity with IC50 value of 36.42 and 68.85 μg/mL which denotes its valuable antioxidant properties with potential health benefits. Importantly, the brine shrimp based lethality experiment yielded a low cytotoxic effect with 13% mortality at 100 μg/mL. In conclusion, the multifaceted attributes of C. serrulata mediated TiO2 NPs encompassed the antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-biofilm inhibition effects with low cytotoxicity in nature were highlighted in this study and proved the bioderived TiO2 NPs could be used as a promising agent for biomedical applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antioxidants/pharmacology
  6. Fulltext Kaempferol: Paving the path for advanced treatments in aging-related diseases
    Hussain MS, Altamimi ASA, Afzal M, Almalki WH, Kazmi I, Alzarea SI, et al.
    Exp Gerontol, 2024 Apr;188:112389.
    PMID: 38432575 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112389
    Aging-related diseases (ARDs) are a major global health concern, and the development of effective therapies is urgently needed. Kaempferol, a flavonoid found in several plants, has emerged as a promising candidate for ameliorating ARDs. This comprehensive review examines Kaempferol's chemical properties, safety profile, and pharmacokinetics, and highlights its potential therapeutic utility against ARDs. Kaempferol's therapeutic potential is underpinned by its distinctive chemical structure, which confers antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Kaempferol counteracts reactive oxygen species (ROS) and modulates crucial cellular pathways, thereby combating oxidative stress and inflammation, hallmarks of ARDs. Kaempferol's low toxicity and wide safety margins, as demonstrated by preclinical and clinical studies, further substantiate its therapeutic potential. Compelling evidence supports Kaempferol's substantial potential in addressing ARDs through several mechanisms, notably anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic actions. Kaempferol exhibits a versatile neuroprotective effect by modulating various proinflammatory signaling pathways, including NF-kB, p38MAPK, AKT, and the β-catenin cascade. Additionally, it hinders the formation and aggregation of beta-amyloid protein and regulates brain-derived neurotrophic factors. In terms of its anticancer potential, kaempferol acts through diverse pathways, inducing apoptosis, arresting the cell cycle at the G2/M phase, suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers, and affecting the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathways. Subsequent studies should focus on refining dosage regimens, exploring innovative delivery systems, and conducting comprehensive clinical trials to translate these findings into effective therapeutic applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antioxidants/pharmacology
  7. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, hemolytic activities and in silico POM/DFT/DNA-binding and pharmacokinetic analyses of new sulfonamide bearing thiazolidin-4-ones
    Hassan SA, Aziz DM, Abdullah MN, Bhat AR, Dongre RS, Hadda TB, et al.
    J Biomol Struct Dyn, 2024 Apr;42(7):3747-3763.
    PMID: 37402503 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2226713
    In this work, Schiff bases and Thiazolidin-4-ones, were synthesized using Sonication and Microwave techniques, respectively. The Schiff base derivatives (3a-b) were synthesized via the reaction of Sulfathiazole (1) with benzaldehyde derivatives (2a-b), followed by the synthesis of 4-thiazoledinone (4a-b) derivatives by cyclizing the synthesized Schiff bases through thioglycholic acid. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by spectroscopic techniques such as FT IR, NMR and HRMS. The synthesized compounds were tested for their in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant and in vivo cytotoxicity and hemolysis ability. The synthesized compounds displayed better antimicrobial and antioxidant activity and low toxicity in comparison to reference drugs and negative controls, respectively. The hemolysis test revealed the compounds exhibit lower hemolytic effects and hemolytic values are comparatively low and the safety of compounds is in comparison with standard drugs. Theoretical calculations were carried out by using the molecular operating environment (MOE) and Gaussian computing software and observations were in good agreement with the in vitro and in vivo biological activities. Petra/Osiris/Molinspiration (POM) results indicate the presence of three combined antibacterial, antiviral and antitumor pharmacophore sites. The molecular docking revealed the significant binding affinities and non-bonding interactions between the compounds and Erwinia Chrysanthemi (PDB ID: 1SHK). The molecular dynamics simulation under in silico physiological conditions revealed a stable conformation and binding pattern in a stimulating environment. HighlightsNew series of Thaiazolidin-4-one derivatives have been synthesized.Sonication and microwave techniques are used.Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, cytotoxicity, and hemolysis activities were observed for all synthesized compounds.Molecular Docking and DFT/POM analyses have been predicted.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antioxidants/pharmacology
  8. Multifunctional curcumin mediated zinc oxide nanoparticle enhancing biofilm inhibition and targeting apoptotic specific pathway in oral squamous carcinoma cells
    Tayyeb JZ, Priya M, Guru A, Kishore Kumar MS, Giri J, Garg A, et al.
    Mol Biol Rep, 2024 Mar 15;51(1):423.
    PMID: 38489102 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09407-7
    BACKGROUND: Oral health remains a significant global concern with the prevalence of oral pathogens and the increasing incidence of oral cancer posing formidable challenges. Additionally, the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains has complicated treatment strategies, emphasizing the urgent need for alternative therapeutic approaches. Recent research has explored the application of plant compounds mediated with nanotechnology in oral health, focusing on the antimicrobial and anticancer properties.

    METHODS: In this study, curcumin (Cu)-mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized and characterized using SEM, EDAX, UV spectroscopy, FTIR, and XRD to validate their composition and structural features. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of ZnO-CU NPs was investigated through DPPH, ABTS, and zone of inhibition assays. Apoptotic assays and gene expression analysis were performed in KB oral squamous carcinoma cells to identify their anticancer activity.

    RESULTS: ZnO-CU NPs showcased formidable antioxidant prowess in both DPPH and ABTS assays, signifying their potential as robust scavengers of free radicals. The determined minimal inhibitory concentration of 40 µg/mL against dental pathogens underscored the compelling antimicrobial attributes of ZnO-CU NPs. Furthermore, the interaction analysis revealed the superior binding affinity and intricate amino acid interactions of ZnO-CU NPs with receptors on dental pathogens. Moreover, in the realm of anticancer activity, ZnO-CU NPs exhibited a dose-dependent response against Human Oral Epidermal Carcinoma KB cells at concentrations of 10 µg/mL, 20 µg/mL, 40 µg/mL, and 80 µg/mL. Unraveling the intricate mechanism of apoptotic activity, ZnO-CU NPs orchestrated the upregulation of pivotal genes, including BCL2, BAX, and P53, within the KB cells.

    CONCLUSIONS: This multifaceted approach, addressing both antimicrobial and anticancer activity, positions ZnO-CU NPs as a compelling avenue for advancing oral health, offering a comprehensive strategy for tackling both oral infections and cancer.

    Matched MeSH terms: Antioxidants/pharmacology
  9. Evaluation of the cytotoxicity, antioxidant activity, and molecular docking of biogenic zinc oxide nanoparticles derived from pumpkin seeds
    Kadir NHA, Murugan N, Khan AA, Sandrasegaran A, Khan AU, Alam M
    Microsc Res Tech, 2024 Mar;87(3):602-615.
    PMID: 38018343 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24437
    This study aimed to investigate the characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) produced from Cucurbita pepo L. (pumpkin seeds) and their selective cytotoxic effectiveness on human colon cancer cells (HCT 116) and African Green Monkey Kidney, Vero cells. The study also investigated the antioxidant activity of ZnONPs. The study also examined ZnONPs' antioxidant properties. This was motivated by the limited research on the comparative cytotoxic effects of ZnO NPs on normal and HCT116 cells. The ZnO NPs were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Transmission Electron Microscope/Selected Area Electron Diffraction (TEM/SAED), and Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) for determination of chemical fingerprinting, heat stability, size, and morphology of the elements, respectively. Based on the results, ZnO NPs from pumpkins were found to be less than 5 μm and agglomerates in nature. Furthermore, the ZnO NPs fingerprinting and SEM-EDX element analysis were similar to previous literature, suggesting the sample was proven as ZnO NPs. The ZnO NPs also stable at a temperature of 380°C indicating that the green material is quite robust at 60-400°C. The cell viability of Vero cells and HCT 116 cell line were measured at two different time points (24 and 48 h) to assess the cytotoxicity effects of ZnO NP on these cells using AlamarBlue assay. Cytotoxic results have shown that ZnO NPs did not inhibit Vero cells but were slightly toxic to cancer cells, with a dose-response curve IC50 = ~409.7 μg/mL. This green synthesis of ZnO NPs was found to be non-toxic to normal cells but has a slight cytotoxicity effect on HCT 116 cells. A theoretical study used molecular docking to investigate nanoparticle interaction with cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), exploring its mechanism in inhibiting CDK2's role in cancer. Further study should be carried out to determine suitable concentrations for cytotoxicity studies. Additionally, DPPH has a significant antioxidant capacity, with an IC50 of 142.857 μg/mL. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Pumpkin seed extracts facilitated a rapid, high-yielding, and environmentally friendly synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles. Spectrophotometric analysis was used to investigate the optical properties, scalability, size, shape, dispersity, and stability of ZnO NPs. The cytotoxicity of ZnO NPs on Vero and HCT 116 cells was assessed, showing no inhibition of Vero cells and cytotoxicity of cancer cells. The DPPH assay was also used to investigate the antioxidant potential of biogenic nanoparticles. A molecular docking study was performed to investigate the interaction of ZnO NPs with CDK2 and to explore the mechanism by which they inhibit CDK2's role in cancer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antioxidants/pharmacology
  10. Effect of type and concentration of antioxidant on sperm motility, viability, and DNA integrity of climbing perch Anabas testudineus Bloch, 1792 (Pisces: Anabantidae) post-cryopreservation
    Maulida S, Eriani K, Fadli N, Siti-Azizah MN, Kocabas FK, Kocabas M, et al.
    Cryobiology, 2024 Mar;114:104851.
    PMID: 38237749 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2024.104851
    Sperm quality is preserved through the crucial involvement of antioxidants, which play a vital role in minimizing the occurrence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during the cryopreservation process. The suitability of the type and concentration of antioxidants are species-dependent, and this study is crucial in order to improve the quality of the climbing perch sperm post-cryopreservation. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the best type and concentration of antioxidants for cryopreservation of climbing perch Anabas testudineus sperm. To achieve this, 6 types of antioxidants, namely, ascorbic acid, beta-carotene, glutathione, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), myo-inositol, and alpha-tocopherol, with inclusion of a control were tested in 3 replications at three concentration levels of 0 mg/L (control), 20 mg/L, 40 mg/L, and 60 mg/L. Sperm was diluted in a glucose-base extender at a ratio of 1:60 (sperm: glucose base), then 10 % DMSO and 5 % egg yolk was added before cryopreservation for two weeks. The results showed that the type and concentration of antioxidants had a significant effect on the motility and viability of cryopreserved climbing perch sperm (P 
    Matched MeSH terms: Antioxidants/pharmacology
  11. Fulltext Zingiber zerumbet: A Scoping Review of its Medicinal Properties
    Chan JSW, Lim XY, Japri N, Ahmad IF, Tan TYC
    Planta Med, 2024 Mar;90(3):204-218.
    PMID: 38035621 DOI: 10.1055/a-2219-9801
    Zingiber zerumbet, a plant native to tropical and subtropical Asia, has a vast range of traditional uses and has been continuously studied for its medicinal properties. However, a systematic methodological approach in evidence synthesis on the plant's efficacy is lacking, and there is a need to elicit the current research status of this plant. This scoping review was conducted to systematically explore and collate the available scientific evidence on the efficacy of Z. zerumbet and its main phytoconstituents in various formulations, their biological mechanisms, and their safety. Results included 54 articles consisting of animal studies, while there were no published human studies. Only half of the included studies provided adequate reporting on the quality-related details of Z. zerumbet formulations. Identified pharmacological activities were analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-neoplastic, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, antipyretic, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, gastroprotective, and locomotor-reducing activities. Notably, the ethanolic extract of Z. zerumbet was found to be well tolerated for up to 28 days. In conclusion, Z. zerumbet and zerumbone have various pharmacological effects, especially in analgesic and anti-inflammatory models. However, there is still a pressing need for comprehensive safety data to conduct clinical trials.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antioxidants/pharmacology
  12. Antioxidant and L-asparaginase activities of culturable endophytic fungi from ornamental Dendrobium orchids
    Chua RW, Song KP, Ting ASY
    Lett Appl Microbiol, 2024 Mar 01;77(3).
    PMID: 37563083 DOI: 10.1093/lambio/ovad096
    This study reports the antioxidant potential and L-asparaginase production of culturable fungal endophytes from Dendrobium orchids in Malaysia. Twenty-nine isolates were screened using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay to determine their free radical scavenging activities and antioxidant capacity (IC50 and AEAC). L-asparaginase production of fungal endophytes was detected by the qualitative plate assay, and the enzyme activities estimated via the Nesslerization method. All 29 endophytic isolates exhibited various degrees of radical scavenging activities (35.37%-77.23%), with Fusarium fujikuroi (D1) identified as having the highest antioxidant capacity (IC50 6.097 mg/mL) and the highest AEAC value (11.55  mg/g). For L-asparaginase production, the majority of the isolates (89.66%) showed positive results, especially among the culturable species of Fusarium, Trichoderma, and Daldinia. Most Fusarium spp. were able to produce L-asparaginase (80.77%), but the highest L-asparaginase activity was detected in Daldinia eschscholtzii (D14) with 2.128 units/mL. Results from this study highlighted the potential of endophytic fungi from medicinal orchids (Dendrobium sp.) as natural sources of bioactive compounds to be developed into novel antioxidants and anticancer drugs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antioxidants/pharmacology
  13. Zinc oxide nanoparticles functionalized with cinnamic acid for targeting dental pathogens receptor and modulating apoptotic genes in human oral epidermal carcinoma KB cells
    Ravikumar OV, Marunganathan V, Kumar MSK, Mohan M, Shaik MR, Shaik B, et al.
    Mol Biol Rep, 2024 Feb 24;51(1):352.
    PMID: 38400866 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09289-9
    BACKGROUND: Oral diseases are often attributed to dental pathogens such as S. aureus, S. mutans, E. faecalis, and C. albicans. In this research work, a novel approach was employed to combat these pathogens by preparing zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) capped with cinnamic acid (CA) plant compounds.

    METHODS: The synthesized ZnO-CA NPs were characterized using SEM, FTIR, and XRD to validate their composition and structural features. The antioxidant activity of ZnO-CA NPs was confirmed using DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging assays. The antimicrobial effects of ZnO-CA NPs were validated using a zone of inhibition assay against dental pathogens. Autodock tool was used to identify the interaction of cinnamic acid with dental pathogen receptors.

    RESULTS: ZnO-CA NPs exhibited potent antioxidant activity in both DPPH and ABTS assays, suggesting their potential as powerful antioxidants. The minimal inhibitory concentration of ZnO-CA NPs against dental pathogens was found 25 µg/mL, indicating their effective antimicrobial properties. Further, ZnO-CA NPs showed better binding affinity and amino acid interaction with dental pathogen receptors. Also, the ZnO-CA NPs exhibited dose-dependent (5 µg/mL, 15 µg/mL, 25 µg/mL, and 50 µg/mL) anticancer activity against Human Oral Epidermal Carcinoma KB cells. The mechanism of action of apoptotic activity of ZnO-CA NPs on the KB cells was identified through the upregulation of BCL-2, BAX, and P53 genes.

    CONCLUSIONS: This research establishes the potential utility of ZnO-CA NPs as a promising candidate for dental applications. The potent antioxidant, anticancer, and effective antimicrobial properties of ZnO-CA NPs make them a valuable option for combating dental pathogens.

    Matched MeSH terms: Antioxidants/pharmacology
  14. Bioassay-guided detection, identification and assessment of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory compounds from olive tree flower extracts by high-performance thin-layer chromatography linked to spectroscopy
    Agatonovic-Kustrin S, Wong S, Dolzhenko AV, Gegechkori V, Morton DW
    J Pharm Biomed Anal, 2024 Feb 15;239:115912.
    PMID: 38128161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115912
    Olive trees are one of the most widely cultivated fruit trees in the world. The chemical compositions and biological activities of olive tree fruit and leaves have been extensively researched for their nutritional and health-promoting properties. In contrast, limited data have been reported on olive flowers. The present study aimed to analyse bioactive compounds in olive flower extracts and the effect of fermentation-assisted extraction on phenolic content and antioxidant activity. High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) hyphenated with the bioassay-guided detection and spectroscopic identification of bioactive compounds was used for the analysis. Enzymatic and bacterial in situ bioassays were used to detect COX-1 enzyme inhibition and antibacterial activity. Multiple zones of antibacterial activity and one zone of COX-1 inhibition were detected in both, non-fermented and fermented, extracts. A newly developed HPTLC-based experimental protocol was used to measure the high-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for the assessment of the relative potency of the extracts in inhibiting COX-1 enzyme and antibacterial activity. Strong antibacterial activities detected in zones 4 and 7 were significantly higher in comparison to ampicillin, as confirmed by low IC50 values (IC50 = 57-58 µg in zone 4 and IC50 = 157-167 µg in zone 7) compared to the ampicillin IC50 value (IC50 = 495 µg). The COX-1 inhibition by the extract (IC50 = 76-98 µg) was also strong compared to that of salicylic acid (IC50 = 557 µg). By comparing the locations of the bands to coeluted standards, compounds from detected bioactive bands were tentatively identified. The eluates from bioactive HPTLC zones were further analysed by FTIR NMR, and LC-MS spectroscopy. Multiple zones of antibacterial activity were associated with the presence of triterpenoid acids, while COX-1 inhibition was related to the presence of long-chain fatty acids.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antioxidants/pharmacology
  15. Potential role of ergothioneine rich mushroom as anti-aging candidate through elimination of neuronal senescent cells
    Apparoo Y, Wei Phan C, Rani Kuppusamy U, Chan EWC
    Brain Res, 2024 Feb 01;1824:148693.
    PMID: 38036238 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148693
    Oxidative stress can upset the antioxidant balance and cause accelerated aging including neurodegenerative diseases and decline in physiological function. Therefore, an antioxidant-rich diet plays a crucial role in healthy aging. This study aimed to identify and quantify mushrooms with the highest ergothioneine content through HPLC analysis and evaluate their anti-aging potential as a natural antioxidant and antisenescence in HT22 cells. Among the 14 evaluated mushroom species, Lentinula edodes (LE), shiitake mushroom contains the highest ergothioneine content and hence was used for the in-vitro studies. The cells were preincubated with ethanolic extract of ergothioneine-rich mushroom and the equimolar concentration of EGT on t-BHP-induced senescence HT22 cells. The extract was analyzed for its free radical scavenging properties using DPPH and ABTS methods. Then, the neuroprotective effect was conducted by measuring the cell viability using MTT. Senescence-associated markers and ROS staining were also analyzed. Our results revealed that a low dose of t-BHP reduces cell viability and induces senescence in HT22 cells as determined through β-galactosidase staining and expressions of P16INK4a, P21CIPL which are the markers of cellular senescence. However, the pretreatment with ethanolic extract of LE for 8 h significantly improved the cell viability, reversed the t-BHP-induced cellular senescence in the neuronal cells, and reduced the reactive oxygen species visualized through DCFH-DA staining. These results suggest that ergothioneine-rich mushroom is a potential candidate for anti-aging exploration through the elimination of senescent cells.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antioxidants/pharmacology
  16. Mangiferin (mango) attenuates AOM-induced colorectal cancer in rat's colon by augmentation of apoptotic proteins and antioxidant mechanisms
    Abdul-Aziz Ahmed K, Jabbar AAJ, Abdulla MA, Zuhair Alamri Z, Ain Salehen N, Abdel Aziz Ibrahim I, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2024 Jan 08;14(1):813.
    PMID: 38191592 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50947-y
    Mangiferin (MF) is a natural C-glucosylxantone compound that has many substantial curative potentials against numerous illnesses including cancers. The present study's goal is to appraise the chemo preventive possessions of MF on azoxymethane (AOM)-mediated colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in rats. Rats clustered into 5 groups, negative control (A), inoculated subcutaneously with normal saline twice and nourished on 0.5% CMC; groups B-E injected twice with 15 mg/kg azoxymethane followed by ingestion of 0.5% CMC (B, cancer control); intraperitoneal inoculation of 35 mg/kg 5-fluorouracil (C, reference rats) or nourished on 30 mg/kg (D) and 60 mg/kg (E) of MF. Results of gross morphology of colorectal specimens showed significantly lower total colonic ACF incidence in MF-treated rats than that of cancer controls. The colon tissue examination of cancer control rats showed increased ACF availability with bizarrely elongated nuclei, stratified cells, and higher depletion of the submucosal glands compared to MF-treated rats. Mangiferin treatment caused increased regulation of pro-apoptotic (increased Bax) proteins and reduced the β-catenin) proteins expression. Moreover, rats fed on MF had significantly higher glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and lower malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in their colonic tissue homogenates. Mangiferin supplementation significantly down-shifted pro-inflammatory cytokines (transforming growth factor-α and interleukine-6) and up-shifted anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukine-10) based on serum analysis. The chemo-protective mechanistic of MF against AOM-induced ACF, shown by lower ACF values and colon tissue penetration, could be correlated with its positive modulation of apoptotic cascade, antioxidant enzymes, and inflammatory cytokines originating from AOM oxidative stress insults.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antioxidants/pharmacology
  17. Biochemical, Toxicological, and in Silico Aspects of Trillium govanianum Wall. ex D.Don (Trilliaceae): A Rich Source of Natural Bioactive Compounds
    Khan KM, Nadeem MF, Mannan A, Chohan TA, Islam M, Ansari SA, et al.
    Chem Biodivers, 2024 Jan;21(1):e202301375.
    PMID: 38031244 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301375
    Trillium govanianum is a high-value medicinal herb, having multifunctional traditional and culinary uses. The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the phytochemical, biological and toxicological parameters of the T. govanianum Wall. ex D. Don (Family: Trilliaceae) roots collected from Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. Phytochemical profiling was achieved by determining total bioactive contents (total phenolic and flavonoid contents) and UHPLC-MS analysis. For biological evaluation, antioxidant activities (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, CUPRAC, phosphomolybdenum, and metal chelation assays) and enzyme inhibition activities (against AChE, BChE, glucosidase, amylase, and tyrosinase) were performed. Moreover, cytotoxicity was assessed against three human carcinoma cell lines (MDA-MB-231, CaSki, and DU-145). The tested extract was found to contain higher total phenolics (7.56 mg GAE/g dry extract) as compared to flavonoid contents (0.45 mg RE/g dry extract). Likewise, for the antioxidant activity, higher CUPRAC activity was noted with 39.84 mg TE/g dry extract values. In the case of enzyme assays, higher activity was pointed out against the cholinesterase, glucosidase and tyrosinase enzymes. The plant extract displayed significant cytotoxicity against the cell lines examined. Moreover, the in-silico studies highlighted the interaction between the important phytochemicals and tested enzymes. To conclude, the assessed biological activity and the existence of bioactive phytochemicals in the studied plant extract may pave the way for the development of novel pharmaceuticals.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antioxidants/pharmacology
  18. Exploring the therapeutic potential of naturally occurring piceatannol in non-communicable diseases
    Gandhi H, Mahant S, Sharma AK, Kumar D, Dua K, Chellappan DK, et al.
    Biofactors, 2024;50(2):232-249.
    PMID: 37702264 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2009
    Piceatannol is a naturally occurring hydroxylated resveratrol analogue that can be found in a variety of fruits and vegetables. It has been documented to have a wide range of beneficial effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-allergic, antidiabetic, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, and chemopreventive properties. Piceatannol has significantly higher antioxidant activity than resveratrol. Piceatannol has been shown in preclinical studies to have the ability to inhibit or reduce the growth of cancers in various organs such as the brain, breast, lung, colon, cervical, liver, prostate, and skin. However, the bioavailability of Piceatannol is comparatively lower than resveratrol and other stilbenes. Several approaches have been reported in recent years to enhance its bioavailability and biological activity, and clinical trials are required to validate these findings. This review focuses on several aspects of natural stilbene Piceatannol, its chemistry, and its mechanism of action, and its promising therapeutic potential for the prevention and treatment of a wide variety of complex human diseases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antioxidants/pharmacology
  19. Investigation on Anti-diabetic Efficacy of a Cucurbitaceae Food Plant from the North-East Region of India: Exploring the Molecular Mechanism through Modulation of Oxidative Stress and Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c)
    Jana S, Gayen S, Gupta BD, Singha S, Mondal J, Kar A, et al.
    Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets, 2024;24(2):220-234.
    PMID: 37691221 DOI: 10.2174/1871530323666230907115818
    BACKGROUND: The medicinal plants of the Cucurbitaceae family, such as Solena heterophylla Lour. fruits, have significant ethnobotanical value and are readily accessible in North East India.

    AIMS: We conducted a study on Solena heterophylla Lour. fruits to evaluate their anti-diabetic activity in vivo, standardize their HPTLC, and profile their metabolites using LC-QTOF-MS. We aimed to explore the molecular mechanism behind their effects on oxidative stress and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c).

    METHODS: Firstly, the ethyl acetate fraction of Solena heterophylla Lour. fruits was standardized using Cucurbitacin B as a standard marker by conducting HPTLC evaluation. Next, we delved into analyzing metabolite profiling. In addition, the standardized fraction was utilized in an experimental study to investigate the molecular mechanism of action in an in vivo high-fat diet and a low dose of streptozotocin-induced diabetic model.

    RESULTS: We have reportedly identified 52 metabolites in the ethyl acetate fraction of Solena heterophylla (EASH). In the in vitro tests, it has been observed that this extract from plants possesses notable inhibitory properties against α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Solena heterophylla fruits with high levels of Cucurbitacin B (2.29% w/w) helped lower FBG levels in animals with EASH treatment. EASH treatment reduced HbA1c levels and normalized liver lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme levels. SGOT, SGPT, and SALP serum enzyme levels also returned to normal.

    CONCLUSION: Based on the current evaluation, it was found that EASH exhibited encouraging hypoglycemic effects in diabetic rats induced by a low dose of STZ and high-fat diet, which warrants further investigation.

    Matched MeSH terms: Antioxidants/pharmacology
  20. The Effects and Mechanisms of Xanthones in Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review
    Pang LW, Hamzah S, Tan SLJ, Mah SH, Yow HY
    Neurochem Res, 2023 Dec;48(12):3485-3511.
    PMID: 37578655 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-04005-8
    Xanthones are natural secondary metabolites that possess great potential as neuroprotective agents due to their prominent biological effects on Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, their underlying mechanisms in AD remain unclear. This study aimed to systematically review the effects and mechanisms of xanthones in cell culture and animal studies, gaining a better understanding of their roles in AD. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in the Medline and Scopus databases using specific keywords to identify relevant articles published up to June 2023. After removing duplicates, all articles were imported into the Rayyan software. The article titles were screened based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Relevant full-text articles were assessed for biases using the OHAT tool. The results were presented in tables. Xanthones have shown various pharmacological effects towards AD from the 21 preclinical studies included. Cell culture studies demonstrated the anti-cholinesterase activity of xanthones, which protects against the loss of acetylcholine. Xanthones exhibited neuroprotective effects by promoting cell viability, reducing the accumulation of β-amyloid and tau aggregation. The administration of xanthones in animal models resulted in a reduction in neuronal inflammation by decreasing microglial and astrocyte burden. In terms of molecular mechanisms, xanthones prevented neuroinflammation through the modulation of signaling pathways, including TLR4/TAK1/NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Mechanisms such as activation of caspase-3 and -9 and suppression of endoplasmic reticulum stress were also reported. Despite the various neuroprotective effects associated with xanthones, there are limited studies reported on their underlying mechanisms in AD. Further studies are warranted to fully understand their potential roles in AD.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antioxidants/pharmacology
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