Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 156 in total

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  1. Fulltext Crystal structure of [(2R,3R,4S)-3,4-bis(acet-yloxy)-5-iodo-3,4-di-hydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]methyl acetate
    Zukerman-Schpector J, Caracelli I, Stefani HA, Shamim A, Tiekink ER
    Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun, 2015 Jan 1;71(Pt 1):o53-4.
    PMID: 25705505 DOI: 10.1107/S205698901402564X
    In the title compound, C12H15IO7, the 3,4-di-hydro-2H-pyran ring is in a distorted half-boat conformation with the atom bearing the acet-yloxy group adjacent to the C atom bearing the methyl-acetate group lying 0.633 (6) Å above the plane of the remaining ring atoms (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0907 Å). In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked into a supra-molecular chain along the a axis through two C-H⋯O inter-actions to the same acceptor carbonyl O atom; these chains pack with no specific inter-molecular inter-actions between them.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bandages
  2. Fulltext Crystal structure of 2-meth-oxy-2-[(4-methyl-phen-yl)sulfan-yl]-1-phenyl-ethan-1-one
    Zukerman-Schpector J, Olivato PR, Traesel HJ, Valença J, Rodrigues DN, Tiekink ER
    Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun, 2015 Jan 1;71(Pt 1):o3-4.
    PMID: 25705490 DOI: 10.1107/S205698901402550X
    In the title β-thio-carbonyl compound, C16H16O2S, the carbonyl and meth-oxy O atoms are approximately coplanar [O-C-C-O torsion angle = -18.2 (5)°] and syn to each other, and the tolyl ring is orientated to lie over them. The dihedral angle between the planes of the two rings is 44.03 (16)°. In the crystal, supra-molecular chains are formed along the c axis mediated by C-H⋯O inter-actions involving methine and methyl H atoms as donors, with the carbonyl O atom accepting both bonds; these pack with no specific inter-molecular inter-actions between them.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bandages
  3. Fulltext Crystal structure of 5-(1,3-di-thian-2-yl)-2H-1,3-benzodioxole
    Zukerman-Schpector J, Caracelli I, Stefani HA, Gozhina O, Tiekink ER
    Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun, 2015 Mar 1;71(Pt 3):o167-8.
    PMID: 25844230 DOI: 10.1107/S2056989015002455
    In the title compound, C11H12O2S2, two independent but virtually superimposable mol-ecules, A and B, comprise the asymmetric unit. In each mol-ecule, the 1,3-di-thiane ring has a chair conformation with the 1,4-disposed C atoms being above and below the plane through the remaining four atoms. The substituted benzene ring occupies an equatorial position in each case and forms dihedral angles of 85.62 (9) (mol-ecule A) and 85.69 (8)° (mol-ecule B) with the least-squares plane through the 1,3-di-thiane ring. The difference between the mol-ecules rests in the conformation of the five-membered 1,3-dioxole ring which is an envelope in mol-ecule A (the methyl-ene C atom is the flap) and almost planar in mol-ecule B (r.m.s. deviation = 0.046 Å). In the crystal, mol-ecules of A self-associate into supra-molecular zigzag chains (generated by glide symmetry along the c axis) via methyl-ene C-H⋯π inter-actions. Mol-ecules of B form similar chains. The chains pack with no specific directional inter-molecular inter-actions between them.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bandages
  4. Wound infection following stoma reversal: a prospective comparative study between primary closure and partial closure with intervening silver dressings
    Zubaidah NH, Soo JY, Qisti N, Ong KW, Gee T
    Int J Colorectal Dis, 2016 Jul;31(7):1381-2.
    PMID: 26728021 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-015-2487-0
    Matched MeSH terms: Bandages*
  5. Sea cucumber (Stichopus hermanii) based hydrogel to treat burn wounds in rats
    Zohdi RM, Zakaria ZA, Yusof N, Mustapha NM, Abdullah MN
    J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater, 2011 Jul;98(1):30-7.
    PMID: 21504052 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31828
    Malaysian sea cucumber was incorporated into hydrogel formulation by using electron beam irradiation technique and was introduced as novel cross-linked Gamat Hydrogel dressing. This study investigated whether Gamat Hydrogel enhanced repair of deep partial skin thickness burn wound in rats and its possible mechanism. Wounds were treated with either Gamat Hydrogel, control hydrogel, OpSite® film dressing or left untreated. Skin samples were taken at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days post burn for histological and molecular evaluations. Gamat Hydrogel markedly enhanced wound contraction and improved histological reorganization of the regenerating tissue. Furthermore, the dressing modulated the inflammatory responses, stimulated the activation and proliferation of fibroblasts, and enhanced rapid production of collagen fiber network with a consequently shorter healing time. The level of proinflammatory cytokines; IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-6, were significantly reduced in Gamat Hydrogel treated wounds compared with other groups as assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In summary, our results showed that Gamat Hydrogel promoted burn wound repair via a complex mechanism involving stimulation of tissue regeneration and regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The resultant wound healing effects were attributed to the synergistic effect of the hydrogel matrix and incorporated sea cucumber.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bandages, Hydrocolloid*
  6. Fulltext Secondary bonding in di-methyl-bis-(morpholine-4-carbodi-thio-ato-κ(2)S,S')tin(IV): crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis
    Zaldi NB, Hussen RSD, Lee SM, Halcovitch NR, Jotani MM, Tiekink ERT
    Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun, 2017 Jun 01;73(Pt 6):842-848.
    PMID: 28638641 DOI: 10.1107/S2056989017006855
    The title compound, [Sn(CH3)2(C5H8NOS2)2], has the Sn(IV) atom bound by two methyl groups which lie over the weaker Sn-S bonds formed by two asymmetrically chelating di-thio-carbamate ligands so that the coordination geometry is skew-trapezoidal bipyramidal. The most prominent feature of the mol-ecular packing are secondary Sn⋯S inter-actions [Sn⋯S = 3.5654 (7) Å] that lead to centrosymmetric dimers. These are connected into a three-dimensional architecture via methyl-ene-C-H⋯S and methyl-C-H⋯O(morpholino) inter-actions. The Sn⋯S inter-actions are clearly evident in the Hirshfeld surface analysis of the title compound along with a number of other inter-molecular contacts.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bandages
  7. Malaysian orthopaedic surgeons' approach to venous thromboembolic disease prophylaxis: attitudes and practice
    Zairul-Nizam ZF, Gul YA
    J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong), 2003 Dec;11(2):178-83.
    PMID: 14676344
    To survey Malaysian orthopaedic surgeons' attitudes to and use of venous thromboembolic disease prophylaxis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bandages
  8. Fulltext Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Meat Yield of Boer Goats Fed Diets Containing Leaves or Whole Parts of Andrographis paniculata
    Yusuf AL, Goh YM, Samsudin AA, Alimon AR, Sazili AQ
    Asian-Australas J Anim Sci, 2014 Apr;27(4):503-10.
    PMID: 25049980 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13533
    The study was conducted to determine the effect of feeding diets containing Andrographis paniculata leaves (APL), whole Andrographis paniculata plant (APWP) and a control without Andrographis paniculata (AP0), on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat yield of 24 intact Boer bucks. The results obtained indicated that inclusion of Andrographis paniculata significantly improved feed intake, weight gain, feed efficiency and live weight. The ratios of carcass to fat, lean to bone, lean to fat, and composition of meat were also improved. In addition, there were significant differences (p<0.05) between the dietary treatments in dressing percentage and chilling loss. Goats fed on AP0 (control) had significantly higher proportions of fat and bone, as well as thicker back fat than the supplemented animals (APL and APWP). Higher gut fill in animals fed Andrographis paniculata suggested slow rate of digestion, which could have improved utilization and absorption of nutrients by the animals. Goats fed Andrographis paniculata also produced higher meat yield and relatively lower fat contents (p<0.05).
    Matched MeSH terms: Bandages
  9. Fulltext Outcome of Islanded Gastrocnemius Musculocutaneous Flap in Orthopaedic Practice
    Yusof MN, Ahmad-Alwi AA
    Malays Orthop J, 2019 Mar;13(1):25-29.
    PMID: 31001380 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1903.004
    Introduction: Large wounds in the leg require combination of local flaps or free flap for wound coverage. Gastrocnemius musculocutaneous flap (GMCF) allows a large wound to be covered by a single local flap. However, the conventional GMCF is often associated with donor site morbidity where the exposed soleus raphe causes poor uptake of the skin graft. Islanding the skin on the muscles allows the donor site to be closed primarily, thus avoiding the donor site morbidity. Materials and Methods: Medical records of twelve patients who underwent islanded GMCF surgery from 2004 till 2018 were reviewed retrospectively. Results: The mean age was 31 years old. Eight cases were with open fracture of the tibia, two degloving injury exposing the patella, one open fracture of patella and necrotising soft tissue infection. The wound size ranged from 12cm2 to 120cm2. All flaps survived. Three patients required skin grafting at the donor site while in the rest the donor sites were able to be closed primarily. Four patients developed deep infection, one healed after vacuum dressing, one after bone transport and one after split thickness skin graft. One patient ended up with below knee amputation after developing chronic osteomyelitis of the tibia. Conclusion: Islanded gastrocnemius musculocutaneous flap is an effective simple alternative for coverage of large soft tissue defects from the knee to half of the leg distally with minimal donor site morbidity. Aggressive debridement of unhealthy tissue is necessary to prevent infection following wound coverage with this flap.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bandages
  10. A non-solvated form of [(Z)-O-methyl-N-(2-methyl-phen-yl)-thio-carbamato-κS](tri-phenyl-phosphane-κP)gold(I): crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis
    Yeo CI, Tan SL, Tiekink ER
    Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun, 2016 Oct 1;72(Pt 10):1446-1452.
    PMID: 27746938
    The title compound, [Au(C9H10NOS)(C18H15P)], features a near linear P-Au-S arrangement defined by phosphane P and thiol-ate S atoms with the minor distortion from the ideal [P-Au-S is 177.61 (2)°] being traced in part to the close intra-molecular approach of an O atom [Au⋯O = 3.040 (2) Å]. The packing features supra-molecular layers lying parallel to (011) sustained by a combination of C-H⋯π and π-π [inter-centroid distance = 3.8033 (17) Å] inter-actions. The mol-ecular structure and packing are compared with those determined for a previously reported hemi-methanol solvate [Kuan et al. (2008 ▸). CrystEngComm, 10, 548-564]. Relatively minor differences are noted in the conformations of the rings in the Au-containing mol-ecules. A Hirshfeld surface analysis confirms the similarity in the packing with the most notable differences relating to the formation of C-H⋯S contacts between the constituents of the solvate.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bandages
  11. Fulltext The efficacy of Morinda citrifolia leaves extracts in diabetic wound treatment
    Xin Ying Chong, Syafiiqa Parlan, Tiu Ling Yii, Dayang Nurafiqah Awang Lokman, Clementine Jrillus, Nur Syamira Zainal Abidin, et al.
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(105):12-0.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: An economical and alternative diabetic wound care product is needed to address the escalating cost of diabetic wound ulcer treatment in Indonesia. Morindac itrifolia or commonly called noni, is a medicinal plant, dietary supplement, and traditional wound care product. This leaves extract contains antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immune-stimulant, and antimicrobial properties. Trigona honey which is currently used to treat the diabetic wound at Kitamura Wound Specialist Clinic, Pontianak, Indonesia is known for its anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and anti-proliferative properties. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of Morinda citrifolia leaves extract and Trigona honey in diabetic wound healing. Methods: A quasi-experimental study (a randomized control trial design) was conductedin the clinicon two subjects with diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). Trigona honey and Morinda citrifolia leaves extract packing was done to the ulcer of controlled subject and treatment subject respectively as a primary dressing. DFU assessment was done every 2 days using the MUNGS assessment tool and a wound closure rate for- mula. Wound C&S was analysed using a bacterial count machine. Results: Morinda citrifolia leaves extract was able to promote wound contraction, improved MUNGS score (from 9 to 8), reduced bacteria count significantly (from
    8.51 x 105 to 1.00 x 105), reduced the percentage of slough by 70% and increased granulating tissue by 60% after the first application. Whereas, Trigona honey extract showed no wound contraction but improved MUNGS score (from 11 to 7). However, bacteria count was maintained at the lowest level (1.00 x 105), reduce the percentage of slough by 10%, and only increased granulating tissues by 10% after the first application. Conclusion: Both products were able to promote diabetic wound healing but the Morinda citrifolia leaves extract was found to be more effective, thus concludes the potential use of Morinda citrifolia leaves extract in treating DFU.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bandages
  12. Antibacterial efficacy of quaternized chitosan/poly (vinyl alcohol) nanofiber membrane crosslinked with blocked diisocyanate
    Wu JY, Ooi CW, Song CP, Wang CY, Liu BL, Lin GY, et al.
    Carbohydr Polym, 2021 Jun 15;262:117910.
    PMID: 33838797 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117910
    N-[(2-hydroxyl-3-trimethylammonium) propyl] chitosan chloride (HTCC), which is a type of chitosan derivative with quaternary ammonium groups, possesses a higher antibacterial activity as compared to the pristine chitosan. The nanofiber membranes made of HTCC are attractive for applications demanding for antibacterial function. However, the hydrophilic nature of HTCC makes it unsuitable for electrospinning of nanofibers. Hence, biodegradable polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was proposed as an additive to improve the electrospinnability of HTCC. In this work, PVA/HTCC nanofiber membrane was crosslinked with the blocked diisocyanate (BI) to enhance the stability of nanofiber membrane in water. Microbiological assessments showed that the PVA/HTCC/BI nanofiber membranes possessed a good antibacterial efficacy (∼100 %) against E. coli. Moreover, the biocompatibility of PVA/HTCC/BI nanofiber membrane was proven by the cytotoxicity test on mouse fibroblasts. These promising results indicated that the PVA/HTCC/BI nanofiber membrane can be a promising material for food packaging and as a potential wound dressing for skin regeneration.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bandages
  13. Use of a portable negative pressure wound therapy device on a hard-to-heal wound with exposed bone: a case study
    Wen CWY, Nasir FABM, Charl MK, Jane CA, Abdullah NSKH, Ping LB, et al.
    J Wound Care, 2023 Oct 01;32(Sup10a):S16-S20.
    PMID: 37830842 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2023.32.Sup10a.S16
    This case study examines the effectiveness of using negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) in the management of a hard-to-heal (chronic) wound with exposed ankle bone to reduce associated wound exudate and promote production of granulation tissue. A 60-year-old male patient who was able to attend wound follow-up diligently twice weekly for eight weeks, and weekly thereafter, was selected from a private hospital to take part. During each dressing change, the wound was cleansed with superoxidised cleansing solution, and minimal sharp debridement was performed. In the authors' opinion, the NPWT device used in this study is light and convenient for use in the community or home care setting. The NPWT wound dressing was connected to the NPWT machine via a connecting tube and the device then switched on using the default setting of a negative pressure of 125mmHg. Following the application of the NPWT device, the exposed ankle bone was successfully covered with healthy granulation tissue and healed within 20 weeks with minimal exudate formation in the wound. In the authors' opinion, NPWT is able to promote progress to wound healing; to minimise unnecessary dressing changes and, based on feedback from the patient, is comfortable to wear and when in use.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bandages
  14. Simultaneous dual syringe electrospinning system using benign solvent to fabricate nanofibrous P(3HB-co-4HB)/collagen peptides construct as potential leave-on wound dressing
    Vigneswari S, Murugaiyah V, Kaur G, Abdul Khalil HPS, Amirul AA
    Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl, 2016 Sep 01;66:147-155.
    PMID: 27207048 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.03.102
    The main focus of this study is the incorporation of collagen peptides to fabricate P(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB-co-4HB)] nano-fiber construct to further enhance surface wettability and support cell growth while harbouring desired properties for biodegradable wound dressing. Simultaneous electrospinning of nanofiber P(3HB-co-4HB)/collagen peptides construct was carried out using dual syringe system. The wettability of the constructs increased with the increase in 4HB molar fraction from 20mol% 4HB [53.2°], P(3HB-co-35mol%4HB)[48.9°], P(3HB-co-50mol%4HB)[44.5°] and P(3HB-co-82mol%4HB) [37.7°]. In vitro study carried out using mouse fibroblast cells (L929) grown on nanofiber P(3HB-co-4HB)/collagen peptides construct showed an increase in cell proliferation. In vivo study using animal model (Sprague Dawley rats) showed that nanofibrous P(3HB-co-4HB)/collagen peptides construct had a significant effect on wound contractions with the highest percentage of wound closure of 79%. Hence, P(3HB-co-4HB)/collagen peptides construct suitable for wound dressing have been developed using nano-fabrication technique.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bandages
  15. Biomacromolecule immobilization: grafting of fish-scale collagen peptides onto aminolyzed P(3HB-co-4HB) scaffolds as a potential wound dressing
    Vigneswari S, Murugaiyah V, Kaur G, Abdul Khalil HP, Amirul AA
    Biomed Mater, 2016 10 06;11(5):055009.
    PMID: 27710927
    Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is a microbial polymer that has been at the forefront of many attempts at tissue engineering. However, the surface of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) (P(3HB-co-4HB)) is hydrophobic with few recognition sites for cell attachment. Various concentrations of fish-scale collagen peptides (FSCPs) were incorporated into P(3HB-co-4HB) copolymer by aminolysis. Later, FSCPs were introduced onto the aminolyzed P(3HB-co-4HB) scaffolds. Introduction of the FSCP groups was verified using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and the ninhydrin method. The effect of the incorporation of FSCPs on hydrophilicity was investigated using the water contact angle. As the concentration of FSCPs increased, the water contact angle decreased. In vitro study demonstrated that P(3HB-co-4HB)/FSCP scaffolds provided better cell attachment and growth of L929 mouse fibroblast cells and better cell proliferation. In vivo study showed that P(3HB-co-4HB)/1.5 wt% FSCPs had a significant effect on wound contractions, with the highest percentage of wound closure (61%) in 7 d.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bandages*
  16. 1-Acetyl-3-[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-oxopropylidene]-1H-indol-2(3H)-one: a twinned crystal
    Usman A, Razak IA, Fun HK, Chantrapromma S, Zhang Y, Xu JH
    Acta Crystallogr C, 2002 Apr;58(Pt 4):O239-41.
    PMID: 11932554
    The crystal of the title compound, C(20)H(17)NO(4), which was used for collecting intensity data was twinned. Each of the two crystallographically independent molecules in the asymmetric unit has a planar indole moiety perpendicular to a planar oxopropyl moiety. The distribution of the bonds at the central C atom joining the oxopropyl, phenyl and indole substituents is also planar. The packing is stabilized by intermolecular C-H* * *O interactions, as well as by dipole-dipole and van der Waals interactions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bandages
  17. Polymeric structure of (ethylenediamine)silver(I) 3-nitrobenzoate monohydrate
    Usman A, Fun HK, Chantrapromma S, Zhu HL, Wang XJ
    Acta Crystallogr C, 2003 Mar;59(Pt 3):m97-9.
    PMID: 12711770
    In the ternary title compound, catena-poly[[silver(I)-mu-ethylenediamine-kappa(2)N:N'] 3-nitrobenzoate monohydrate], [[Ag(C(2)H(8)N(2))](C(7)H(4)NO(4)) x H(2)O](n), the Ag atom is bicoordinated in a linear configuration by two different N atoms from two symmetry-related ethylenediamine ligands, thus giving linear polymeric chains with an [-Ag-N-C-C-N-](n) backbone running parallel to the a axis. In the crystal packing, these linear chains are interconnected by N-H...O and O-H...O hydrogen bonds to form layers parallel to the ab plane.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bandages
  18. Physical properties and biocompatibility of oligochitosan membrane film as wound dressing
    Ujang Z, Abdul Rashid AH, Suboh SK, Halim AS, Lim CK
    J Appl Biomater Funct Mater, 2014 Dec 30;12(3):155-62.
    PMID: 24700269 DOI: 10.5301/jabfm.5000190
    BACKGROUND: The physical and biological characteristics of oligochitosan (O-C) film, including its barrier and mechanical properties, in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo biocompatibility, were studied to assess its potential use as a wound dressing.

    METHODS: Membrane films were prepared from water-soluble O-C solution blended with various concentrations of glycerol to modify the physical properties of the films. In vitro and in vivo biocompatibility evaluations were performed using primary human skin fibroblast cultures and subcutaneous implantation in a rat model, respectively.

    RESULTS: Addition of glycerol significantly influenced the barrier and mechanical properties of the films. Water absorption capacity was in the range of 80%-160%, whereas water vapor transmission rate varied from 1,180 to 1,618 g/m2 per day. Both properties increased with increasing glycerol concentration. Tensile strength decreased while elongation at break increased with the addition of glycerol. O-C films were found to be noncytotoxic to human fibroblast cultures and histological examination proved that films are biocompatible.

    CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the membrane film from O-C has potential application as a wound-dressing material.

    Matched MeSH terms: Bandages*
  19. Treatment of the fractures of the jaws
    Tratman EK
    Journal of the Malaya Branch of the British Medical Association, 1940;3:357-73.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bandages
  20. Fulltext Electrospun deferoxamine nanofiber for diabetic wound healing
    Tracey Anastacia Jeckson, Sreenivas Patro Sisinthy, Neo Yun Ping
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(102):46-46.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is the most distressing complication of diabetes mellitus and often associated with risk of non-traumatic lower extremity amputations. Available formulations and wound dressings for DFU treatment are unfortunately less effective both on controlling and healing DFU. Issues commonly found are associated with providing an optimum environment which facilitates healing process; moist environment, effective oxygen exchange, preventing infection, controlling exudate and also patients compliance. The challenge is therefore to develop a novel drug delivery which address this unmet medical need for better wound treatment of chronic and slow healing DFU. This study aimed to develop a biomaterial based nanofibrous wound dressing formulation containing deferoxamine (DFO), which reported as a potential therapeutic approach to improve wound healing. Deferoxamine regulates the expression and increase stability of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1 α), growthfactor that crucial in wound repair, and thus increase neovascularization. Preparation and characterization of chosen polymers; chitosan/ alginate/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) for nanofiber formulation will be carried out. Such biodegradable polymer nanofiber is a great benefit for drug delivery owing to its high surface area to volume ratio and high porosity which creates ideal environment to aid in wound healing. Methods: Nanofibers loaded DFO will be fabricated by electrospinning
    method that utilizes electrostatic force to produce fine fibers from the polymeric solution. Results: Various polymers concentrations and ratios are investigated to obtain the desired fibers characteristics. The selected optimized DFO nanofibers will be studied for its efficacy in wound healing through in-vivo animal studies. Conclusion: The proposed formulation would be an ideal low cost novel wound dressing with improved healing potential for efficient treatment
    of diabetic foot ulcer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bandages
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