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  1. Bakar AYA, Ramli S
    Asian J Psychiatr, 2020 Dec;54:102272.
    PMID: 32653851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102272
    Matched MeSH terms: Behavioral Symptoms/psychology*; Behavioral Symptoms/therapy
  2. Fatimah Sham, Siti Munirah Abdul Wahab, Nor Afizah Ramli, Norlia Anuar, Wan Nor Izzatul Huda Wan Hassan
    MyJurnal
    Clinical posting is the most important part in nursing education, requiring knowledge, skills, and the right
    attitude to facilitate the development to be a professional nurse. However, clinical posting was found to be the
    most stressful phase for nursing students throughout their education process in most countries. As nursing
    students enter the real hospital environment with the lack of knowledge and nursing skills, their health can be
    affected. The aim of this study is to assess the level of stress and physio-psycho-social symptoms among
    nursing students in a public university during clinical posting. This cross-sectional study design involved 181
    undergraduate nursing students who had completed their clinical posting in a government hospital. The
    results showed that the nursing students experienced stress most of time especially during their clinical
    posting. The most common cause of stress was from the workload and assignment and the most common
    response to stress was behavioral symptoms. This study revealed that the residence where these students lived
    had significance with the level of stress during their clinical posting (p=0.01). Detecting early stress events,
    creating more effective environment and understanding the effectiveness of coping behaviors may help
    nursing educators reduce the negative effects of stress which will altogether help students handle stress more
    effectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Behavioral Symptoms
  3. Mohammadzadeh M, Awang H, Ismail S, Shahr HK
    Asian J Psychiatr, 2020 Feb;48:101892.
    PMID: 31864126 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2019.101892
    The current study amid to determine whether a life skills-based education could improve coping skills among adolescents in Malaysian orphanages. It was a randomized controlled trial comprising intervention and control groups which were randomly selected to receive the life skills, or the Placebo education programmes. The DASS21 and Brief COPE were used as the study instruments. Results showed the mean scores of self-distraction, active coping, use of emotional support, use of instrumental support, positive reinterpretation, planning and acceptance, at post-test, were significantly increased compared to the pre-test values. Denial, substance abuse, behavioural disengagement and self-blame significantly decreased. The findings provide an opportunity to assess the effects of participation in a life skills education programme on behavioural health in Malaysia orphanages.
    Matched MeSH terms: Behavioral Symptoms/rehabilitation*
  4. Nurul Izzah Wahidul Azam, Amir Muhriz Abdul Latiff, Chandra Kannan Thanapalan, Raja Mohamad Alif Raja Adnan
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Restricted and repetitive behaviours (RRBs) is one of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) core criteria. Exhibitions of RRBs produce profound implications on the functional aspect of these children and family. Evidence found that RRBs is related to the reward system dysfunction in the basal ganglia of these children. RRBs induces intrinsically rewarding effects on children with ASD. Listening to music was found to influence the reward system on the typical population and also discover to be promising as complementary strategies for ASD. A study found that high functioning adolescents with ASD cognitively stimulated through listening to happy music. Planning inter-vention for RRBs by looking towards the mechanism of reward system function remained unexplored. The primary objectives of this study is to examine the effect of happy music on RRBs symptoms. Methods: This study will use a randomised control trial research design with pre-test and post-test assessments in 20 children with ASD. Two parallel randomly assigned group will undergo twelve weeks of intervention sessions. The experimental group will listen to happy music and engage in free play sessions. For the control group, they will engage in free play session only without the music. Parents will complete the Repetitive Behaviour Scale-Revised, which consists of 6 subscales on RRBs to measure the outcome of the study. Results: The study will compare the RRBs between two groups. Con-clusion: Outcome of this study may set forth further investigation on the management of RRB using non-aversive contemporary approach.
    Matched MeSH terms: Behavioral Symptoms
  5. Singh D, Müller CP, Vicknasingam BK, Mansor SM
    J Psychoactive Drugs, 2015 5 8;47(2):125-31.
    PMID: 25950592 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2015.1012610
    Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) is an indigenous plant known for its traditional medicinal use, and for its addiction potential, in Southeast Asia. In recent years, kratom and its major alkaloid, mitragynine, spread worldwide with largely unknown effects on behavior and mental health. Recent studies show that kratom use can lead to dependence and that mitragynine works as an addictive drug in animal studies. Nevertheless, kratom preparations were also suggested as a less harmful substitute in opiate withdrawal. Potential side-effects of prolonged kratom use, however, are currently unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the social functioning of regular kratom users in Malaysia. A cross-sectional survey was carried out in three northern states of Peninsular Malaysia investigating 293 regular kratom consumers using the Addiction Severity Index in a snowball sampling technique. Findings showed that regular kratom users do not experience major impairments in their social functioning, despite being dependent on kratom for prolonged periods. Our findings suggest that chronic kratom administration does not significantly impair social functioning of users in a natural context in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Behavioral Symptoms/psychology
  6. Srinivasan V, Pandi-Perumal SR, Cardinali DP, Poeggeler B, Hardeland R
    Behav Brain Funct, 2006 May 04;2:15.
    PMID: 16674804
    Increased oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction have been identified as common pathophysiological phenomena associated with neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD). As the age-related decline in the production of melatonin may contribute to increased levels of oxidative stress in the elderly, the role of this neuroprotective agent is attracting increasing attention. Melatonin has multiple actions as a regulator of antioxidant and prooxidant enzymes, radical scavenger and antagonist of mitochondrial radical formation. The ability of melatonin and its kynuramine metabolites to interact directly with the electron transport chain by increasing the electron flow and reducing electron leakage are unique features by which melatonin is able to increase the survival of neurons under enhanced oxidative stress. Moreover, antifibrillogenic actions have been demonstrated in vitro, also in the presence of profibrillogenic apoE4 or apoE3, and in vivo, in a transgenic mouse model. Amyloid-beta toxicity is antagonized by melatonin and one of its kynuramine metabolites. Cytoskeletal disorganization and protein hyperphosphorylation, as induced in several cell-line models, have been attenuated by melatonin, effects comprising stress kinase downregulation and extending to neurotrophin expression. Various experimental models of AD, PD and HD indicate the usefulness of melatonin in antagonizing disease progression and/or mitigating some of the symptoms. Melatonin secretion has been found to be altered in AD and PD. Attempts to compensate for age- and disease-dependent melatonin deficiency have shown that administration of this compound can improve sleep efficiency in AD and PD and, to some extent, cognitive function in AD patients. Exogenous melatonin has also been reported to alleviate behavioral symptoms such as sundowning. Taken together, these findings suggest that melatonin, its analogues and kynuric metabolites may have potential value in prevention and treatment of AD and other neurodegenerative disorders.
    Matched MeSH terms: Behavioral Symptoms
  7. Kandiah N, Pai MC, Senanarong V, Looi I, Ampil E, Park KW, et al.
    Clin Interv Aging, 2017;12:697-707.
    PMID: 28458525 DOI: 10.2147/CIA.S129145
    Several studies have demonstrated clinical benefits of sustained cholinesterase inhibition with rivastigmine in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD). Unlike donepezil and galantamine that selectively inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC 3.1.1.7), rivastigmine is a unique cholinesterase inhibitor with both AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE; EC 3.1.1.8) inhibitory activity. Rivastigmine is also available as transdermal patch that has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of mild, moderate, and severe AD as well as mild-to-moderate PDD. In this review, we explore the role of BuChE inhibition in addition to AChE inhibition with rivastigmine in the outcomes of cognition, global function, behavioral symptoms, and activities of daily living. Additionally, we review the evidence supporting the use of dual AChE-BuChE inhibitory activity of rivastigmine as a therapeutic strategy in the treatment of neurological disorders, with a focus on the role of rivastigmine in subcortical dementias such as vascular dementia (VaD) and PDD. Toward this objective, we performed a literature search in PubMed and Ovid with limits to articles published in the English language before June 2016. The available evidence from the literature suggests that the dual inhibition of AChE and BuChE may afford additional therapeutic potential of rivastigmine in subcortical dementias (subcortical VaD and PDD) with benefits on cognition and behavioral symptoms. Rivastigmine was found to specifically benefit executive dysfunction frequently observed in subcortical dementias; however, large randomized clinical studies are warranted to support these observations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Behavioral Symptoms
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