Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 1427 in total

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  1. Tenang EM, McCaldin B
    Biochem. Int., 1989 Jan;18(1):197-202.
    PMID: 2541720
    The activities of membrane marker enzymes in normal (3T3) and simian virus transformed mouse cells (SV3T3) are affected not only by densities of cultures but also by the sera types used in the growth media. We have assayed the levels of 5'nucleotidase, monoamine oxidase and rotenone insensitive NADH ferricyanide reductase in these cells grown to sparse and confluent cultures in medium supplemented with 10% newborn calf serum (n.c.s.) or in medium supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum (f.b.s.). It was found that in 3T3 cells grown in 10% f.b.s. the transition from sparse to confluent cultures was associated with a reduction in the activities of the marker enzymes while in those grown in 10% n.c.s., the activities of these enzymes increased. In the SV3T3 cells, the activities of all the enzymes except for monoamine oxidase decreased from sparse to confluent culture densities in cells grown in 10% n.c.s. whereas in those grown in 10% f.b.s. there were no significant change in the activities of the enzymes over the same culture densities. The results suggest that the marker enzymes are affected by sera types and culture densities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers/analysis*
  2. Sam CK, Prasad U, Pathmanathan R
    Eur J Surg Oncol, 1989 Aug;15(4):357-60.
    PMID: 2547665
    The titres of IgA against Epstein-Barr virus, viral capsid antigens and the titres of IgG against early antigen were found to be useful markers for the diagnosis of different histopathological types of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/immunology*
  3. Yap SF, Peh SC
    Malays J Pathol, 1991 Dec;13(2):115-8.
    PMID: 1726642
    Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels and its expression in liver tissue was studied in 50 cases of histologically confirmed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Serum AFP levels were elevated (greater than 20iu/ml) in 35/50 (70%) of the cases, 28 of whom had levels greater than 500 iu/ml, which is highly suggestive of HCC. These results indicate that serum AFP, by itself, is a relatively insensitive diagnostic test for HCC. Although elevated levels in high risk patients provide a specific clue, a negative result does not exclude the diagnosis of HCC. Expression of AFP by tumour cells paralleled that of serum in the majority of cases. However, tissue AFP was negative in 7 patients who had markedly elevated serum AFP. This observation may be a reflection of preferential excretion of the tumour antigen or differential expression of the antigen by the tumour cells. None of the patients with normal serum AFP demonstrated a reaction for tissue AFP. There was no correlation between AFP production and tumour differentiation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis*
  4. Kamariah K, Satgunasingam N, Nasri NM, Ng KY
    Med J Malaysia, 1993 Mar;48(1):40-5.
    PMID: 7688063
    Eighty-nine patients who had hydatidiform moles evacuated at the General Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, were followed with serum beta hCG determinations from October 1988 to June 1991. A regression curve for serum beta hCG, as measured by RIA, was derived from the results of 47 of the patients who demonstrated spontaneous regression of serum beta hCG titres. All 47 patients had normal serum titres at 135 days after evacuation. The mean time taken to reach normal level was 82.6 days, while the range was 39 to 135 days (5 to 19 weeks).
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/blood*
  5. Rahmat A, Ngah WZ, Shamaan NA, Gapor A, Abdul Kadir K
    Nutrition, 1993 May-Jun;9(3):229-32.
    PMID: 8102564
    The effects of long-term administration of tocotrienol on hepatocarcinogenesis in rats induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) were investigated by determining the activities of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), and glutathione (GSH) levels in blood and liver. Twenty-eight male 7- to 8-wk-old Rattus norwegicus rats, weighing 120-160 g, were used in this study. The rats were divided into four treatment groups: a control group on a basal diet, a group fed a basal diet supplemented with tocotrienol (30 mg/kg food), a group treated with DEN/AAF, and a group treated with DEN/AAF and fed a diet supplemented with tocotrienol (30 mg/kg food). Blood was collected monthly, and GGT, ALP, and GSH levels were determined. The rats were killed after 9 mo, and the livers were examined morphologically. Grayish white nodules (2/liver) were found in all the DEN/AAF-treated rats (n = 10), but only one of the rats treated with DEN/AAF and supplemented with tocotrienol (n = 6) had liver nodules. A significant increase in the level of blood and liver GSH, ALP, and GGT activities was observed in the DEN/AAF-treated rats. Liver GSTs were similarly increased with DEN/AAF treatment. Tocotrienol supplementation attenuated the impact of the carcinogens in the rats.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis*
  6. Zarida H, Wan Zurinah WN, Zanariah J, Michael LK, Khalid BA
    Exp. Toxicol. Pathol., 1994 Mar;46(1):31-6.
    PMID: 7916223
    The effect of ovariectomy and sex hormone/s replacement in female rats was investigated by the determination of the tumour marker enzymes gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). This was compared to ovariectomized rats receiving sex hormone replacement and treated with carcinogen. Ovariectomy significantly increased the activity of plasma GGT. Plasma and microsomal ALP and microsomal GGT were unchanged. When replacements of estrogen (E), or progesterone (Prog), or combinations of both estrogen and progesterone were given to ovariectomized rats, the activity of plasma GGT was brought to the level of normal intact females. Treatment with carcinogen increased the PGGT activities in intact rats. In ovariectomized rats receiving carcinogen, the PGGT activities were significantly lower than in intact females and rats receiving both hormone replacement and carcinogen (p < 0.01). Carcinogen treatment in case of estrogen or progesterone replacement, either individually or in combination, showed GGT activities comparable to intact females receiving carcinogen. Both plasma and microsomal ALP were not affected by carcinogen administration. These results showed that ovariectomy reduced the severity of hepatocarcinogenesis while sex hormone replacement worsened the process.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism*
  7. Jayaram G, Looi LM
    Malays J Pathol, 1994 Jun;16(1):83-7.
    PMID: 16329582
    A five-month-old male baby presented with an abdominal mass which was found on computerised tomography (CT) to be involving the left kidney. Nephrectomy and histopathological study showed morphological featues of a malignant rhabdoid tumour. The tumour cells stained strongly for cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen and less intensely for vimentin. Electron microscopy revealed concentric whorled arrays of intermediate filaments within the tumour cell cytoplasm. The child was put on post-operative chemotherapy and radiotherapy but developed bilateral lung metastases and died three months after surgery.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
  8. Cheah PL, Liam CK, Yap SF, Looi LM
    J Clin Pathol, 1994 Jun;47(6):535-7.
    PMID: 8063936
    AIMS: To determine (1) the detection rate of primary carcinoma of the lung by serological assay of CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen); and (2) whether addition of seroassay of squamous cell carcinoma related antigen before treatment improves detection sensitivity.

    METHODS: A prospective study spanning 27 months was conducted at the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur. Serum CEA (Abbott IMx) and serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen (Abbott IMx) from patients clinically suspected of having primary carcinoma of the lung, were assayed using the microparticle enzyme immunoassay method.

    RESULTS: Thirty seven cases of histologically confirmed primary lung carcinoma were studied. Of these, 17 were squamous cell carcinomas, 10 adenocarcinomas, nine small cell carcinomas, and one large cell carcinoma. The patients' ages ranged from 34-82 years. The male:female ratio was 3.6:1. Squamous cell carcinoma antigen was raised above the cutoff value of 1.5 ng/ml in 94.1% of squamous cell carcinomas, 20.0% of adenocarcinomas, and 11.1% of small cell carcinomas. By comparison, CEA was raised above the cutoff value of 3.0 ng/ml in 70.6% of squamous cell carcinomas, 77.8% of small cell carcinomas, and 100% of adenocarcinomas. CEA and squamous cell carcinoma antigen were not raised in the patient with large cell carcinoma and in 14 healthy volunteers. None of 15 patients with a variety of benign lung diseases showed a rise of CEA, while two patients--a 25 year old Indian woman with pneumonia and a 64 year old Malay man with bronchial asthma--had raised squamous cell carcinoma antigen values above the cutoff. Serum CEA and squamous cell carcinoma antigen values did not seem to correlate with stage or degree of differentiation of the tumours.

    CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that CEA is a good general marker for carcinoma, particularly adenocarcinoma. In contrast, squamous cell carcinoma antigen is more specific for squamous carcinoma.

    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/blood*
  9. Lopez JB, Thambyrajah V, Balasegaram M, Satgunasingam N
    Br J Biomed Sci, 1994 Jun;51(2):177-80.
    PMID: 7519505
    Sera from 80 Malaysians with confirmed hepatocellular carcinoma were tested for five markers of the hepatitis B virus, anti-HCV and anti-HDV by enzyme immunoassay, and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) was measured by radioimmunoassay. Of the patients, 98.8% had evidence of HBV infection and 75% were positive for HBsAg--which latter correlated with AFP raised above cut-off values of 500 ng/ml (P = 0.0001) and 200 ng/ml (P = 0.005). Males correlated significantly with the presence of HBsAg (P = 0.002). Thirty-one per cent of HBsAg positive patients were also positive for HBeAg and 74% for anti-HBe. Twenty per cent of the cases were concurrently positive for both HBsAg and anti-HBs. Six of 70 (8.6%) patients were positive for anti-HCV, of whom four were also positive for HBsAg. None of 67 patients tested for anti-HDV were positive. The results strongly indicate an important aetiological role for hepatitis B virus in causation of hepatocellular carcinoma among Malaysians.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers/blood
  10. Sam CK, Abu-Samah AJ, Prasad U
    Eur J Surg Oncol, 1994 Oct;20(5):561-4.
    PMID: 7926060
    Titers of IgA/VCA from 92 nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients were monitored for 3 to 11 years from the time of diagnosis. The fluctuations in the IgA/VCA titers during follow-up did not correlate with the clinical status of the patients, suggesting that IgA/VCA is of marginal significance in the monitoring of NPC patients during follow-up. In addition, the frequency of recurrence of NPC was independent of presence or absence of elevated IgA/VCA at diagnosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/blood*
  11. Choon-Kook S, Teck-Soong SL
    Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol, 1995 Jun;13(1):23-7.
    PMID: 7488340
    The specific serum IgE levels to 20 allergens were determined by enzyme immunoassay in 90 Malaysian patients with allergic rhinitis. Ninety-two percent of patients had elevated IgE to at least 1 of the allergens. The housedust mites D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae were the major allergens, elevated IgE to either allergen being present in 86% of the patients. Prick skin tests were carried out in some of the patients, housedust mites, cat fur, dog hair and shrimp were the allergens used. Close correspondence was found between IgE and prick skin tests to the mites.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers
  12. Zain RB, Sakamoto F, Shrestha P, Mori M
    Malays J Pathol, 1995 Jun;17(1):23-30.
    PMID: 8907001
    Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a well known marker for cell proliferation. It tends to accumulate in the late G1 and S-phase of the cell cycle. A monoclonal antibody (MoAb) against PCNA is now available and it can react with paraffin-embedded specimens. In the present study, PCNA immunohistochemical staining of 36 cases of oral cancer specimens obtained from surgery were investigated. The results showed differing nuclear staining patterns for PCNA in normal, hyperplastic and dysplastic epithelium, early cancer and 3 levels of differentiation for squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. It appears that PCNA can be a useful marker in delineating normal epithelium and hyperplastic epithelium from dysplasia in the oral cavity. The use of PCNA staining may further emphasize the conventional histopathological grading of well-differentiated, moderately-differentiated and poorly-differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma but is still dependent on basic criteria as observed without immunostaining. PCNA expression for all grades of squamous cell carcinoma are present at the deep, infiltrative margins.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis*
  13. Rohani MY, Cheong YM, Rani JM
    Malays J Pathol, 1995 Dec;17(2):67-71.
    PMID: 8935128
    The diagnostic value of adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity was studied to evaluate its use in the differential diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis in the local setting. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 119 patients with meningitis and other conditions with central nervous system symptoms were collected and ADA activity determined by the colorimetric method of Guisti read at 628 nm. The CSF was also subjected to other laboratory examinations so as to provide the aetiological diagnosis. All 14 tuberculous meningitis patients had ADA activity greater than the cut off value of 9.0 IU/L. High ADA activity was also seen in 13 of 105 non-tuberculous cases giving a specificity of 87.6%. Even though the ADA activity determination is sensitive for tuberculosis, it was not specific enough to be used as a rapid diagnostic test. However when interpreted together with clinical signs and symptoms and other laboratory tests, it is a useful adjunctive rapid marker for tuberculosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers
  14. Choong ML, Ton SH, Cheong SK
    Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol, 1996 Jun;14(1):19-24.
    PMID: 8980796
    The percentage of lymphocyte subsets from the peripheral blood of healthy adults and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers were analyzed by flow cytometry. The five lymphocyte subsets studied were:- T (CD3) cells, B (CD19) cells, CD4 cells, CD8 cells, Natural Killer (CD3- CD16+/CD56+) cells (NK cells) and the CD4/CD8 ratio. The percentage (mean +/- SD) for the five lymphocyte subsets from the healthy adults were (67.5 +/- 8.5)%, (12.4 +/- 4.5)%, (35.5 +/- 7.8)%, (36.8 +/- 8.5)%, (17.9 +/- 8.1)% and 1.1 +/- 0.6, respectively. HBsAg carriers positive for HBV-DNA had a lower CD4/CD8 ratio than the healthy population (P = 0.030). The percentage of CD8 cells in HBsAg carriers increased significantly (r = 0.28; P = 0.019) with an increase in ALT levels but the values remained within normal range. The percentage of NK cells and CD4/CD8 ratio in HBsAg carriers positive for anti-HBe were higher than HBsAg carriers negative for anti-HBe (92% of which are HBeAg positive) (P = 0.045 and P = 0.035, respectively). The CD4/CD8 ratio in HBsAg carriers negative for anti-HBe (92% positive for HBeAg) was also lower than in the healthy population (P = 0.042). HBsAg carriers positive for HBV-DNA, HBeAg and raised ALT levels had a lower CD4/ CD8 ratio than did the healthy population. The lower ratio was due to an increase in the percentage of CD8 cells. This suggests an activated immune response triggered by the infection in an attempt to clear the virus. HBsAg carriers with normal ALT levels and who are negative for HBV-DNA may be in a state of tolerance.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers
  15. Ng KH, Siar CH
    J Laryngol Otol, 1996 Aug;110(8):757-62.
    PMID: 8869610
    We reviewed the clinicopathological characteristics of 13 cases of calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour (CEOT) (Pindborg tumour) diagnosed in the Division on Stomatology, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, over a 29-year period. There were eight female and five male patients. These consisted of eight (61.5 per cent) Malays, three (23.1 per cent) Chinese, one (7.7 per cent) Indian and one (7.7 per cent) Melanau. Their ages at presentation ranged from 19-61 years (mean age, 31.8 years). There were 12 central and one peripheral CEOT. Of these, 76.9 per cent of cases were located in the maxilla, the remaining in the mandible. The commonest clinical diagnosis was a dentigerous cyst (66.7 per cent). Enucleation was the main mode of treatment. Histologically, sheets and strands of polyhedral epithelial cells containing eosinophilic, homogeneous globules with Liesegang rings were observed. One case also showed extensive calcification and clear cell differentiation. Immunohistochemistry revealed a variable keratin staining of the CEOT epithelium, confirming its heterogeneity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
  16. Lopez JB, Balasegaram M, Thambyrajah V
    Int. J. Biol. Markers, 1996 Jul-Sep;11(3):178-82.
    PMID: 8915714
    This study was undertaken to investigate whether serum CA 125 could complement alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) to improve the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). CA 125 showed a sensitivity of 92% for HCC against the 58.8% sensitivity of AFP at the cutoff value of 200 ng/ml. However, the former was less specific (48.5% versus 97.4%) in relation to benign liver diseases (BLD). CA 125 had a higher negative predictive value (NPV) of 84.6% compared to 69.2% for AFP; when both markers were combined, however, the NPV rose to 91.7%. Overall, AFP was more efficient than CA 125 for the diagnosis of HCC. While a positive AFP result was highly indicative of HCC, a negative result did not rule out the disease; however, negative AFP and CA 125 meant that the likelihood of the disease was low. In situations of low HCC prevalence, CA 125 could serve as a first-line screening test followed by confirmation of positives by AFP.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
  17. Makpol S, Shamaan NA, Jarien Z, Top AG, Khalid BA, Wan Ngah WZ
    Gen. Pharmacol., 1997 Apr;28(4):589-92.
    PMID: 9147029
    1. alpha-Tocopherol (alpha-T) and gamma-tocotrienol (gamma-T) were supplemented continuously for 8 weeks in the diets of normal rats and rats chemically induced with cancer using diethylnitrosamine (DEN), 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) and partial hepatectomy. Hepatocarcinogenesis was followed by determining the plasma gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities as well as placental glutathione S-transferase (PGST) and GGT activities histochemically, at 4-week intervals. 2. Male Rattus norvegicus were supplemented alpha-T and gamma-T at two different doses of 30 and 300 mg/kg diet. The supplementation was started at three different times: simultaneously with DEN administration; 4 weeks; and 8 weeks after DEN administration. 3. Elevation of plasma GGT activities and formation of PGST and GGT positive foci were attenuated significantly (P < 0.05) when alpha-T and gamma-T were supplemented simultaneously with cancer induction. Supplementation begun 4 and 8 weeks after cancer induction did not affect plasma enzyme activities and formation of enzyme-positive foci. 4. alpha-T was more effective than gamma-T, and a lower dose of 30 mg/kg was found to be more effective in reducing the severity of hepatocarcinogenesis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/blood*
  18. Lopez JB, Balasegaram M, Timor J, Thambyrajah V
    Malays J Pathol, 1997 Jun;19(1):53-8.
    PMID: 10879242
    Although alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is regarded as the reference marker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), it sometimes produces false results. The objective of this study was to see if some of the readily available laboratory markers could complement AFP to improve the laboratory diagnosis of HCC. The markers tested and their sensitivities were: CA 125, 92%; ferritin, 71.3%; CA 19-9, 69.8%; beta-2-microglobulin (B2M), 53.3%; CA 72-4, 13.6%; and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), 10.6%. In comparison, AFP had a sensitivity of 58.8%. CA 72-4 and CEA (at the "tumour" cut-off level of 20 ng/ml) had specificities of 100%, and AFP, 97.4%. The specificities of the other markers were less impressive: CEA, 77.8% (at the cut-off level of 5 ng/ml); ferritin, 48.6%; CA 125, 48.5%; B2M, 39.6%; and CA 19-9, 37.3%. The efficiencies of the markers for HCC, which are based on the consideration of sensitivity and specificity together, were as follows: AFP, 77.6%; CA 125, 71.3%; ferritin, 60.5%; CA 19-9, 55.3; B2M, 46.9%; CEA, 40.8%; and CA 72-4, 34.5%. The receiver-operating characteristic plots confirmed AFP to be the most efficient marker for HCC. Nevertheless, it is proposed that CA 125 be combined with AFP for HCC screening because of their excellent sensitivity and specificity, respectively: a negative result for both, or even just CA 125 alone, would indicate that the disease is unlikely while a positive AFP (which would likely occur with a positive CA 125) would make its presence highly probable. A positive CA 125 and negative AFP would be equivocal for HCC. Other markers in combination with AFP are less useful.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/blood*
  19. Islam N, Kazmi F, Chusney GD, Mattock MB, Zaini A, Pickup JC
    Diabetes Care, 1998 Mar;21(3):385-8.
    PMID: 9540020
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether microalbuminuria is associated with markers of the acute-phase response in NIDDM and whether there are ethnic differences in this association among the three main racial groups in Malaysia.

    RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: NIDDM patients of Chinese, Indian, and Malay origin attending a diabetic clinic in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, were matched for age, sex, diabetes duration, and glycemic control (n = 34 in each group). Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio was measured in an early morning urine sample. Biochemical measurements included markers of the acute-phase response: serum sialic acid, triglyceride, and (lowered) HDL cholesterol.

    RESULTS: The frequency of microalbuminuria did not differ among the Chinese, Indian, and Malay patients (44, 41, and 47%, respectively). In Chinese patients, those with microalbuminuria had evidence of an augmented acute-phase response, with higher serum sialic acid and triglyceride and lower HDL cholesterol levels; and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio was correlated with serum sialic acid and triglyceride. The acute-phase response markers were not different in Indians, with microalbuminuria being high in even the normoalbuminuric Indians; only the mean arterial blood pressure was correlated with urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio in the Indians. Malay NIDDM subjects had an association of microalbuminuria with acute-phase markers, but this was weaker than in the Chinese subjects.

    CONCLUSIONS: Microalbuminuria is associated with an acute-phase response in Chinese NIDDM patients in Malaysia, as previously found in Caucasian NIDDM subjects. Elevated urinary albumin excretion has different correlates in other racial groups, such as those originating from the Indian subcontinent. The acute-phase response may have an etiological role in microalbuminuria.

    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers/blood; Biomarkers/urine
  20. Naidu R, Yadav M, Nair S, Kutty MK
    Br. J. Cancer, 1998 Nov;78(10):1385-90.
    PMID: 9823984
    Expression of c-erbB3 protein was investigated in 104 primary breast carcinomas comprising nine comedo ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), 91 invasive ductal carcinomas and four invasive lobular carcinomas using two monoclonal antibodies, RTJ1 and RTJ2. Of the 91 invasive ductal carcinomas, seven contained the comedo DCIS component adjacent to the invasive component. An immunohistochemical technique was used to evaluate the association between expression of c-erbB3 and clinical parameters and tumour markers such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), c-erbB2, cathepsin-D and p53 in archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumour tissues. Our results indicated that RTJ1 and RTJ2 gave identical staining patterns and concordant results. It was found that the overexpression of c-erbB3 protein was observed in 67% (6/9) of comedo DCIS, 52% (44/84) of invasive ductal carcinomas, 71% (5/7) of carcinomas containing both the in situ and invasive lesions and 25% (1/4) of invasive lobular carcinomas. A significant relationship (P < 0.05) was observed between strong immunoreactivity of c-erbB3 protein and histological grade, EGFR and cathepsin-D, but not with expression of c-erbB2, p53, oestrogen receptor status, lymph node metastases or age of patient. However, we noted that a high percentage of oestrogen receptor-negative tumours (59%), lymph node-positive tumours (63%) and c-erbB2 (63%) were strongly positive for c-erbB3 protein. We have also documented that a high percentage of EGFR (67%), c-erbB2 (67%), p53 (75%) and cathepsin-D-positive DCIS (60%) were strongly positive for c-erbB3. These observations suggest that overexpression of c-erbB3 protein could play an important role in tumour progression from non-invasive to invasive and, also, that it may have the potential to be used as a marker for poor prognosis of breast cancer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis; Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics*
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