Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 92 in total

Abstract:
Sort:
  1. Fathinul F, Nordin AJ, Lau WF
    Cell Biochem Biophys, 2013 May;66(1):37-43.
    PMID: 22790883 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-012-9395-5
    Molecular imaging employing (18)[F]FDG-PET/CT enables in-vivo visualization, characterisation and measurement of biological process in tumour at the molecular and cellular level. In oncology, this approach can be directly applied as translational biomarkers of disease progression. In this article, the improved roles of FDG as an in-vivo glycolytic marker which reflect biological changes across in-vitro cellular environment are discussed. New understanding in how altered metabolism via glycolytic downstream drivers of malignant transformation as reviewed below offers unique promise as to monitor tumour aggressiveness and hence optimize the therapeutic management.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis*
  2. Ng KH, Siar CH
    J Laryngol Otol, 1996 Aug;110(8):757-62.
    PMID: 8869610
    We reviewed the clinicopathological characteristics of 13 cases of calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour (CEOT) (Pindborg tumour) diagnosed in the Division on Stomatology, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, over a 29-year period. There were eight female and five male patients. These consisted of eight (61.5 per cent) Malays, three (23.1 per cent) Chinese, one (7.7 per cent) Indian and one (7.7 per cent) Melanau. Their ages at presentation ranged from 19-61 years (mean age, 31.8 years). There were 12 central and one peripheral CEOT. Of these, 76.9 per cent of cases were located in the maxilla, the remaining in the mandible. The commonest clinical diagnosis was a dentigerous cyst (66.7 per cent). Enucleation was the main mode of treatment. Histologically, sheets and strands of polyhedral epithelial cells containing eosinophilic, homogeneous globules with Liesegang rings were observed. One case also showed extensive calcification and clear cell differentiation. Immunohistochemistry revealed a variable keratin staining of the CEOT epithelium, confirming its heterogeneity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
  3. Hussaini HM, Angel CM, Speight PM, Firth NA, Rich AM
    Head Neck Pathol, 2012 Dec;6(4):471-5.
    PMID: 22427262 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-012-0350-y
    The hallmark of the histology of epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC) is the presence of a regular repetitive mixture of bilayered duct-like structures with an outer layer of myoepithelial cells and inner ductal epithelial cells. Clear cell change in the myoepithelial component is common, but clearing of both cell types, giving an impression of a monocellular neoplasm, is rare. A parotid biopsy was received from an 83-year-old male and subject to routine histologic processing for conventional staining and immunohistochemistry. The encapsulated tumour was composed of sheets of PAS/diastase negative clear cells, separated by fibrous septae. The clear myoepithelial cells were positive for S-100 protein, SMA, and p63 and negative for CK19 and surrounded CK19-positive luminal cells. It is important to utilise immunohistochemistry to differentiate this tumour from others with a similar histologic pattern. Information about the behaviour of the double-clear EMC is limited since there are few cases reported.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
  4. Jessie K, Jayapalan JJ, Rahim ZH, Hashim OH
    Electrophoresis, 2014 Dec;35(24):3504-11.
    PMID: 25223738 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400252
    Prolonged chewing of betel quid is known to cause oral diseases, including cancer. The present study was performed to screen for aberrant proteins in the saliva of habitual betel quid chewers compared to nonchewers. Saliva of female subjects (n = 10) who had been chewing betel quid for more than 20 years and nonbetel quid chewers (n = 10) of the same gender and range of age was analyzed by gel-based proteomics. Increased structural microheterogeneity of saliva haptoglobin beta chains indicated by shifts of focused spots similar to that earlier reported in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma, and their relatively higher abundance compared to nonbetel quid chewers, were detected in saliva protein profiles of all chewers. In addition, the majority of the betel quid chewers also showed significant higher abundance of hemopexin, alpha-1B glycoprotein, alpha1-antitrypsin, complement C3, and transthyretin. These proteins had previously been associated with several different cancers. Our data demonstrated different forms of protein aberration in the saliva of betel quid chewers, which may be indicative of early oral precancerous conditions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis*
  5. Chuah YY, Lee YY, Shih CA
    Br J Hosp Med (Lond), 2017 Aug 02;78(8):474.
    PMID: 28783396 DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2017.78.8.474
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
  6. Yap SF, Peh SC
    Malays J Pathol, 1991 Dec;13(2):115-8.
    PMID: 1726642
    Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels and its expression in liver tissue was studied in 50 cases of histologically confirmed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Serum AFP levels were elevated (greater than 20iu/ml) in 35/50 (70%) of the cases, 28 of whom had levels greater than 500 iu/ml, which is highly suggestive of HCC. These results indicate that serum AFP, by itself, is a relatively insensitive diagnostic test for HCC. Although elevated levels in high risk patients provide a specific clue, a negative result does not exclude the diagnosis of HCC. Expression of AFP by tumour cells paralleled that of serum in the majority of cases. However, tissue AFP was negative in 7 patients who had markedly elevated serum AFP. This observation may be a reflection of preferential excretion of the tumour antigen or differential expression of the antigen by the tumour cells. None of the patients with normal serum AFP demonstrated a reaction for tissue AFP. There was no correlation between AFP production and tumour differentiation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis*
  7. Teoh KH, Looi LM, Sabaratnam S, Cheah PL, Nazarina AR, Mun KS
    Malays J Pathol, 2011 Jun;33(1):35-42.
    PMID: 21874750 MyJurnal
    Predictive biomarkers such as oestrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors and c-erbB-2 oncoprotein have become a staple in breast cancer reports in the country as they increasingly play an important role in the treatment and prognosis of women with breast cancers. This study reviews the practice of histopathology reporting of these biomarkers in a Malaysian tertiary hospital setting. Retrospective data on demographic, pathological and biomarker profiles of patients with invasive ductal carcinoma who had undergone mastectomy or lumpectomy with axillary node clearance from 2005 to 2006 were retrieved from the Department of Pathology, Penang Hospital and analysed. The prevalence of ER positivity (55.8%), PR positivity (52.5%), c-erbB-2 oncoprotein overexpression (24%) and triple negativity (ER negative, PR negative, c-erbB-2 negative) (15%) by immunohistochemistry were comparable with other studies. Notably, c-erbB-2 overexpression was equivocal (2+) in 15% of cases. Since about a quarter of equivocal (2+) cases usually show amplification by FISH, a small but certain percentage of patients would miss the benefit of anti-c-erbB-2 antibody therapy if FISH is not performed. New ASCO/CAP guidelines on the quantitation of ER and PR will probably increase the prevalence of ER/PR positivity, invariably leading to significant ramifications on the management of patients as more patients would be deemed eligible for endocrine therapy, as well as categorisation of triple negative breast cancers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis*
  8. Nwanaji-Enwerem JC, Chung FF, Van der Laan L, Novoloaca A, Cuenin C, Johansson H, et al.
    Clin Epigenetics, 2021 12 17;13(1):224.
    PMID: 34920739 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01218-y
    Metformin and weight loss relationships with epigenetic age measures-biological aging biomarkers-remain understudied. We performed a post-hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial among overweight/obese breast cancer survivors (N = 192) assigned to metformin, placebo, weight loss with metformin, or weight loss with placebo interventions for 6 months. Epigenetic age was correlated with chronological age (r = 0.20-0.86; P 
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
  9. Siti-Aishah MA, Noriah O, Malini MN, Zainul-Rashid MR, Das S
    Clin Ter, 2011;162(5):447-50.
    PMID: 22041803
    A 30-year-old, nulliparous woman presented with a history of subfertility. On examination she was found to have uterine fibroid of 28 weeks size of gravid uterus and subsequently laporatomy myomectomy was performed. Multilobulated masses, with diameters ranging from 22 mm to 160 mm were found. Cut sections of the lobulated masses showed whitish whorled cut surface. One of the multilobulated masses had a cystic cavity, measuring 60x50x35 mm(3). Light microscopic findings of the mass with the cystic cavity showed a well-circumscribed cellular tumour composed of cells exhibiting moderate nuclear atypia which were enlarged, nuclei with prominent chromatin clumping and were distributed in areas. Some tumour cells showed large nuclear pseudoinclusions, multinucleated or multilobated tumour giant cells, smudging and few enlarged nucleoli. Mitotic activity was 4 MFs per 10 HPFs. Occasional cells with intracytoplasmic inclusions resembling rhabdoid - like features were seen. There were no atypical mitoses or tumour necroses were noted. Diagnosis of atypical leiomyoma or symplastic leiomyoma was made. Atypical or symplastic leiomyomas are rare in the region of Malaysia and the present case discusses its incidence in younger age, its morphological features along with diagnosis and clinical outcome.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
  10. Masir N, Campbell LJ, Goff LK, Jones M, Marafioti T, Cordell J, et al.
    Br J Haematol, 2009 Mar;144(5):716-25.
    PMID: 19120369 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2008.07528.x
    The t(14;18)(q32;q21) chromosomal translocation induces BCL2 protein overexpression in most follicular lymphomas. However the expression of BCL2 is not always homogeneous and may demonstrate a variable degree of heterogeneity. This study analysed BCL2 protein expression pattern in 33 cases of t(14;18)-positive follicular lymphomas using antibodies against two different epitopes (i.e. the widely used antibody BCL2/124 and an alternative antibody E17). 16/33 (49%) cases demonstrated strong BCL2 expression. In 10/33 (30%) cases, BCL2 expression was heterogeneous and in some of these, its loss appeared to be correlated with cell proliferation, as indicated by Ki67 expression. Double immunofluorescence labelling confirmed an inverse BCL2/Ki67 relationship, where in 24/28 (86%) cases cellular expression of BCL2 and Ki67 was mutually exclusive. In addition, seven BCL2 'pseudo-negative' cases were identified in which immunostaining was negative with antibody BCL2/124, but positive with antibody E17. Genomic DNA sequencing of these 'pseudo-negative' cases demonstrated eleven mutations in four cases and nine of these were missense mutations. It can be concluded that in follicular lymphomas, despite carrying the t(14;18) translocations, BCL2 protein expression may be heterogeneous and loss of BCL2 could be related to cell proliferation. Secondly, mutations in translocated BCL2 genes appear to be common and may cause BCL2 pseudo-negative immunostaining.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis*
  11. Saedi TA, Ghafourian S, Jafarlou M, Sabariah MN, Ismail P, Eusni RM, et al.
    J Biol Regul Homeost Agents, 2015 Apr-Jun;29(2):395-9.
    PMID: 26122228
    Tumor protein p53 encoded by the TP53 gene in humans is known as a cancer biomarker in patients diagnosed with cancer, and it plays an essential role in apoptosis, genomic stability, and inhibition of angiogenesis. Cancer therapies with common chemotherapy methods are effective, as known, but have some side effects. Berberis vulgaris is traditionally administrated as a cancer drug. The current research aims to evaluate p53 as a biomarker in WEHI-3 cell line and to demonstrate the Berberis vulgaris fruit crude extract (BVFCE) as a new anticancer drug. For this purpose, we evaluated the effect of BVFCE in different concentrations against WEHI-3cell line in vitro and determined the quantitative level of p53 gene in the treated WEHI-3 cells. The results demonstrated that even at only 1 mg/ml concentration of Berberis vulgaris crude extract, there was a low level of p53 biomarker expression on WEHI-3 cells in comparison with doxorubicin. Therefore, the current study suggests BVFCE as a reliable anti-leukaemic drug and candidate for anticancer therapy. However, further investigation need be carried out to confirm its efficiency in vivo.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
  12. Rhodes A, Teoh KH, See MH, Ganesan K, Looi LM
    Pathology, 2020 Apr;52(3):385-387.
    PMID: 32107079 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2019.12.006
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis*
  13. Fernandopulle SM, Cher-Siangang P, Tan PH
    Pathology, 2006 Jun;38(3):219-22.
    PMID: 16753742
    To document the pathological features of breast carcinoma diagnosed in women aged 35 years or less.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
  14. Kaur M, Verma S, Gupta R, Pant L, Singh S
    Malays J Pathol, 2018 Apr;40(1):57-60.
    PMID: 29704385
    CD10, a transmembrane endopeptidase, has been shown to be lost as an early event in prostate cancer. We aimed at evaluating the pattern of expression of CD10 in various Gleason's grades of prostatic adenocarcinoma in comparison with nodular hyperplasia of prostate. This retrospective study included 30 cases of nodular hyperplasia and 30 of prostatic adenocarcinoma of various Gleason's grades. Immunohistochemical staining for CD10 was performed on all cases and positivity evaluated as percentage of cells as well as location (membranous or cytoplasmic or both). Of prostatic adenocarcinomas, grade 3 was seen in 10 foci, grade 4 in 28 and grade 5 in 22 foci. CD10 positivity in carcinoma was lower than in nodular hyperplasia, with the lowest positivity in grade 5. The pattern of expression of CD10 also changed from membranous in grade 3 to cytoplasmic in grade 5. Loss of CD10 expression appears to be associated with increasing tumour grade in carcinoma prostate and this can potentially be useful in stratification of such patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis*
  15. Muthusamy S, Azhar Sha S, Abdullah Suhaimi SN, Kassim N, Mahasin M, Mohd Saleh MF, et al.
    Malays J Pathol, 2018 Aug;40(2):111-119.
    PMID: 30173227 MyJurnal
    INTRODUCTION: Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy with more than 95% originating from follicular epithelial cells. Diagnostic dilemma may arise in occasional cases such as when an encapsulated nodule with a follicular growth pattern exhibits clear nuclei with grooves making it difficult to distinguish a follicular adenoma from encapsulated follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinoma. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of an immunohistochemical marker, CD56, to distinguish between benign and malignant thyroid lesions.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively studied CD56 expression in 54 benign and 54 malignant thyroid lesions using archival formalin fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks for the study period from January 2010 to December 2015, diagnosed in a tertiary hospital.

    RESULTS: CD56 was expressed in 52/54 (96.3%) of benign specimens and only 24/54 (44.4%) of malignant ones. The malignant specimens comprised 31 (57.4%) papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC), 11 (20.3%) follicular carcinomas (FC), seven (13%) medullary thyroid carcinomas (MC), one (1.9%) poorly differentiated carcinoma (PC) and four (7.4%) anaplastic carcinomas (AC). CD56 was not expressed in 28/31 (90.3%) of the PTCs, 1/11 (9.1%) FCs, 1/4 (25%) of ACs while all MCs and the PD were positive. The benign group comprised nodular hyperplasias (29/54), lymphocytic thyroiditis (10/54), follicular adenomas (FA) (14/54) and one hyalinising trabecular tumour. CD56 was expressed in all the benign cases except one FA and one nodular hyperplasia. Thirteen of the 14 FAs were CD56 positive. The difference in expression between benign and malignant tumours was statistically significant as the p value was <0.01.

    CONCLUSION: CD56 is a potentially good immunohistochemical marker for differentiating papillary thyroid carcinoma from other benign follicular lesions of the thyroid especially in differentiating follicular variant PTC from FA in equivocal cases.

    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis*
  16. Samberkar S, Rajandram R, Mun KS, Samberkar P, Danaee M, Zulkafli IS
    Malays J Pathol, 2019 Dec;41(3):233-242.
    PMID: 31901907
    INTRODUCTION: Tissue biomarker carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is purported to have prognostic value for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) but contradicting findings from previous studies have also been documented. This study aims to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on the role of CAIX in RCC disease progression.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Following the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, online searches of multiple databases were performed to retrieve articles from their inception until December 2017. Inclusion criteria included all English-based original articles of immunohistochemistry (IHC) studies investigating CAIX expression in human RCC tissue. Four articles were finally selected for meta-analysis with a total of 1964 patients. Standard meta-analysis methods were applied to evaluate the role of CAIX in RCC prognosis. The relative risk (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were recorded for the association between biomarker and prognosis, and data were analysed using MedCalc statistical software.

    RESULTS: The meta-analysis showed that high CAIX expression was associated with low tumour stage (RR 0.90%, 95% CI 0.849-0.969, p= 0.004), low tumour grade (RR 0.835%, 95% CI 0.732-0.983, p= 0.028), absence of nodal involvement (RR 0.814%, 95% CI 0.712-0.931, p= 0.003) and better ECOS-PS index (RR 0.888%, 95% CI 0.818-0.969, p= 0.007). The high tissue CAIX expression in RCC is hence an indication of an early malignancy with a potential to predict favourable disease progression and outcome.

    CONCLUSION: The measurement of this marker may be beneficial to determine the course of the illness. It is hoped that CAIX can be developed as a specific tissue biomarker for RCC in the near future.

    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis*
  17. Yeoh LC, Dharmaraj S, Gooi BH, Singh M, Gam LH
    World J Gastroenterol, 2011 Apr 28;17(16):2096-103.
    PMID: 21547128 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i16.2096
    To evaluate the usefulness of differentially expressed proteins from colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues for differentiating cancer and normal tissues.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis*
  18. Tay TKY, Lim KL, Hilmy MH, Thike AA, Goh ST, Song LH, et al.
    Malays J Pathol, 2017 Dec;39(3):257-265.
    PMID: 29279588
    INTRODUCTION: Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing is used as a means of triaging cervico-vaginal smears with low grade squamous abnormalities or as part of co-testing with cytology. While HPV testing has a high sensitivity, it has a low specificity in detecting cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 and above (CIN 2+) leading to unnecessary colposcopy referrals. We investigate the accuracy of the p16/Ki-67 dual immunocytochemical stain in determining the presence of CIN 2+ lesions on histology and its potential as a superior biomarker for triage.

    METHODS: Liquid based cervico-vaginal cytology specimens with squamous abnormalities and corresponding histology from 97 women with subsequent colposcopy and biopsy were included. The specimens were then subjected to the dual stain and Roche Cobas 4800 multiplex real time PCR HPV DNA testing. The sensitivity and specificity of the dual stain and HPV testing were calculated using CIN 2+ on histology as a reference standard.

    RESULTS: The sensitivity and specificity of the dual stain in detecting histology proven CIN 2+ was 93.7% and 76.5% while HPV testing was 85.7% and 14.7% respectively. Of the 44 women with ASCUS or LSIL on cytology, the dual stain also reduced the number of unnecessary colposcopy referrals from 27 to 7 when used as a triage marker compared to HPV testing.

    CONCLUSION: p16/Ki-67 dual stain was more sensitive and specific than HPV testing in determining the presence of CIN 2+ on histology. It could triage low grade cervico-vaginal specimens more effectively and potentially help women avoid unnecessary colposcopies. Future studies are needed to further evaluate its role in cervical cancer screening programmes.

    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis*
  19. Isa NM, Bong JJ, Ghani FA, Rose IM, Husain S, Azrif M
    Diagn Cytopathol, 2012 Nov;40(11):1010-4.
    PMID: 21563319 DOI: 10.1002/dc.21706
    Cutaneous metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is very rare, accounting for less than 0.8% of all known cutaneous metastases and occurring in 2.7-3.4% of HCCs. With less than 50 such cases reported worldwide, most of which were diagnosed histologically on excised lesions, it can only be expected that diagnosis made on cytological features alone would be challenging. We report a case of cutaneous metastasis of HCC diagnosed based on cytological features and confirmed by Hep Par 1 immunopositivity of the cell block material. An 81-year-old man, who was known to have unresectable HCC, presented with a 1-month history of painless, left nasal alae mass. The mass measured 1.5 cm in diameter, and was multilobulated with a central necrosis. Fine needle aspiration of the mass was done. Smears were cellular, comprising of malignant cells in loose clusters and aggregates as well as singly dispersed. The malignant cells displayed moderate nuclear pleomorphism, occasional prominent nucleoli, and intranuclear pseudoinclusion. Cell block material demonstrated the trabeculae pattern of the malignant cells and Hep Par 1 immunopositivity. The final diagnosis of a metastatic cutaneous HCC was made. In conclusion, cutaneous HCC metastasis is rare and should be considered in the differential diagnosis in patients with a history of HCC presenting with suspicious skin lesion. In the right clinical setting, a confident diagnosis can be made in such cases by using the fine needle aspiration technique aided with immunopositivity for Hep Par 1 antibody of the aspirated material.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis*
  20. Marutha Muthu AK, Cheah PL, Koh CC, Chew MF, Toh YF, Looi LM
    Malays J Pathol, 2017 Dec;39(3):251-255.
    PMID: 29279587 MyJurnal
    Over the years, adenocarcinoma (ADC), which has a worse prognosis than squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the cervix, has shown an increasing trend. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) expression which has been associated with worse prognosis in several solid cancers was studied for its association with SCC and ADC of the cervix. 35 histologically re-confirmed SCC and 35 ADC were immunohistochemically stained for COX2 using a mouse monoclonal antibody to COX2 (1:100; Dako: Clone CX-294) on a Ventana Benchmark XT. The histoscore was computed as intensity of staining, semi-quantitated on a scale of 0-3 with 0 = negative, 1 = weak, 2 = moderate and 3 = strong staining intensity; multiplied by percentage of immunopositivity on a scale of 0-4 with 0 = <1%, 1 = 1-25%, 2 = 26-50%, 3 = 51-75% and 4 = ≥75% of immunopositive tumour cells. Histoscore 1-3/12 was considered as low and ≥4/12 as high COX2 expression. SCC affected Chinese more than Malays, while Malays had more ADC (p = 0.032). Mean age at presentation of SCC (57.5 years) was about a decade later than ADC at 47.9 years (p = 0.002). 30/35 (85.7%) of SCC and 34/35 (97.1%) of ADC expressed COX2. Histoscores of ADC (median = 4.0, IQR = 3.0-6.0) was significantly higher (p = 0.014) than those of SCC (median = 3.0, IQR = 2.0-3.0). High histoscores (≥4/12) were more frequent in ADC (55.9%) compared with SCC (26.7%) (p = 0.018), implicating COX2, either directly or indirectly, as a possible player in influencing the poorer outcome of ADC compared with SCC.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis*
Filters
Contact Us

Please provide feedback to Administrator (afdal@afpm.org.my)

External Links