Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 366 in total

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  1. Meliana C, Liu J, Show PL, Low SS
    Bioengineered, 2024 Dec;15(1):2310908.
    PMID: 38303521 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2024.2310908
    The burden of food contamination and food wastage has significantly contributed to the increased prevalence of foodborne disease and food insecurity all over the world. Due to this, there is an urgent need to develop a smarter food traceability system. Recent advancements in biosensors that are easy-to-use, rapid yet selective, sensitive, and cost-effective have shown great promise to meet the critical demand for onsite and immediate diagnosis and treatment of food safety and quality control (i.e. point-of-care technology). This review article focuses on the recent development of different biosensors for food safety and quality monitoring. In general, the application of biosensors in agriculture (i.e. pre-harvest stage) for early detection and routine control of plant infections or stress is discussed. Afterward, a more detailed advancement of biosensors in the past five years within the food supply chain (i.e. post-harvest stage) to detect different types of food contaminants and smart food packaging is highlighted. A section that discusses perspectives for the development of biosensors in the future is also mentioned.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biosensing Techniques*
  2. Qiao Z, Xue L, Sun M, Ma N, Shi H, Yang W, et al.
    J Agric Food Chem, 2024 Jan 10;72(1):857-864.
    PMID: 38134022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07582
    Salmonellosis continues to impose a significant economic burden globally. Rapid and sensitive detection of Salmonella is crucial to preventing the outbreaks of foodborne illnesses, yet it remains a formidable challenge. Herein, a dual-functional tetrahedron multivalent aptamer assisted amplification-free CRISPR/Cas12a assay was developed for Salmonella detection. In the system, the aptamer was programmatically assembled on the tetrahedral DNA nanostructure to fabricate a multivalent aptamer (TDN-multiApt), which displayed a 3.5-fold enhanced avidity over the monovalent aptamer and possessed four CRISPR/Cas12a targeting fragments to amplify signal. Therefore, TDN-multiApt could directly activate Cas12a to achieve the second signal amplification without any nucleic acid amplification. By virtue of the synergism of high avidity and cascaded signal amplifications, the proposed method allowed the ultrasensitive detection of Salmonella as low as 7 cfu mL-1. Meanwhile, this novel platform also exhibited excellent specificity against target bacteria and performed well in the detection of various samples, indicating its potential application in real samples.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biosensing Techniques*
  3. Babu AK, Raja MKMM, Zehravi M, Mohammad BD, Anees MI, Prasad C, et al.
    Prog Biophys Mol Biol, 2023 Nov;184:1-12.
    PMID: 37652186 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2023.08.004
    Quantum dots (QDs) are a class of remarkable materials that have garnered significant attention since their initial discovery. It is noteworthy to mention that it took approximately a decade for these materials to be successfully implemented in practical applications. While QDs have demonstrated notable optical properties, it is important to note that these attributes alone have not rendered them a feasible substitute for traditional organic dyes. Furthermore, it is worth noting that the substance under investigation exhibited inherent toxicity and instability in its initial state, primarily due to the presence of a heavy metal core. In the initial stages of research, it was observed that the integration of nanocomposites had a positive impact on the properties of QDs. The discovery of these nanocomposites was motivated by the remarkable properties exhibited by biocomposites found in nature. Recent discoveries have shed light on the potential utilization of QDs as a viable strategy for drug delivery, offering a promising avenue to enhance the efficacy of current pharmaceuticals and pave the way for the creation of innovative therapeutic approaches. The primary objective of this review was to elucidate the distinctive characteristics that render QDs highly suitable for utilization as nanocarriers. In this study, we will delve into the multifaceted applications of QDs as sensing nanoprobes and their utilization in diverse drug delivery systems. The focus of our investigation was directed toward the utilization of QD/polymer composites in sensing applications, with particular emphasis on their potential as chemical sensors, biosensors, and physical sensors.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biosensing Techniques*
  4. Duraisamy M, Elancheziyan M, Eswaran M, Ganesan S, Ansari AA, Rajamanickam G, et al.
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2023 Jul 31;244:125329.
    PMID: 37307970 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125329
    The use of advanced electroactive catalysts enhances the performance of electrochemical biosensors in real-time biomonitoring and has received much attention owing to its excellent physicochemical and electrochemical possessions. In this work, a novel biosensor was developed based on the electrocatalytic activity of functionalized vanadium carbide (VC) material, including VC@ruthenium (Ru), VC@Ru-polyaniline nanoparticles (VC@Ru-PANI-NPs) as non-enzymatic nanocarriers for the fabrication of modified screen-printed electrode (SPE) to detect acetaminophen in human blood. As-prepared materials were characterized using SEM, TEM, XRD, and XPS techniques. Biosensing was carried out using cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry techniques and has revealed imperative electrocatalytic activity. A quasi-reversible redox method of the over-potential of acetaminophen increased considerably compared with that at the modified electrode and the bare SPE. The excellent electrocatalytic behaviour of VC@Ru-PANI-NPs/SPE is attributed to its distinctive chemical and physical properties, including rapid electron transfer, striking ᴫ-ᴫ interface, and strong adsorptive capability. This electrochemical biosensor exhibits a detection limit of 0.024 μM, in a linear range of 0.1-382.72 μM with a reproducibility of 2.45 % relative standard deviation, and a good recovery from 96.69 % to 105.59 %, the acquired results ensure a better performance compared with previous reports. The enriched electrocatalytic activity of this developed biosensor is mainly credited to its high surface area, better electrical conductivity, synergistic effect, and abundant electroactive sites. The real-world utility of the VC@Ru-PANI-NPs/SPE-based sensor was ensured via the investigation of biomonitoring of acetaminophen in human blood samples with satisfactory recoveries.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biosensing Techniques*
  5. Han H, Sabani NB, Nobusawa K, Takei F, Nakatani K, Yamashita I
    Anal Chem, 2023 Jul 04;95(26):9729-9733.
    PMID: 37341999 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01126
    We have developed a DNA sensor that can be finalized to detect a specific target on demand. The electrode surface was modified with 2,7-diamino-1,8-naphthyridine (DANP), a small molecule with nanomolar affinity for the cytosine bulge structure. The electrode was immersed in a solution of synthetic probe-DNA that had a cytosine bulge structure at one end and a complementary sequence to the target DNA at the other end. The strong binding between the cytosine bulge and DANP anchored the probe DNAs to the electrode surface, and the electrode became ready for target DNA sensing. The complementary sequence portion of the probe DNA can be changed as requested, allowing for the detection of a wide variety of targets. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) with the modified electrode detected target DNAs with a high sensitivity. The charge transfer resistance (Rct) extracted from EIS showed a logarithmic relationship with the concentration of target DNA. The limit of detection (LoD) was less than 0.01 μM. By this method, highly sensitive DNA sensors for various target sequences could be easily produced.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biosensing Techniques*
  6. Taha BA, Al Mashhadany Y, Al-Jubouri Q, Rashid ARBA, Luo Y, Chen Z, et al.
    Sci Total Environ, 2023 Jul 01;880:163333.
    PMID: 37028663 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163333
    Constantly mutating SARS-CoV-2 is a global concern resulting in COVID-19 infectious waves from time to time in different regions, challenging present-day diagnostics and therapeutics. Early-stage point-of-care diagnostic (POC) biosensors are a crucial vector for the timely management of morbidity and mortalities caused due to COVID-19. The state-of-the-art SARS-CoV-2 biosensors depend upon developing a single platform for its diverse variants/biomarkers, enabling precise detection and monitoring. Nanophotonic-enabled biosensors have emerged as 'one platform' to diagnose COVID-19, addressing the concern of constant viral mutation. This review assesses the evolution of current and future variants of the SARS-CoV-2 and critically summarizes the current state of biosensor approaches for detecting SARS-CoV-2 variants/biomarkers employing nanophotonic-enabled diagnostics. It discusses the integration of modern-age technologies, including artificial intelligence, machine learning and 5G communication with nanophotonic biosensors for intelligent COVID-19 monitoring and management. It also highlights the challenges and potential opportunities for developing intelligent biosensors for diagnosing future SARS-CoV-2 variants. This review will guide future research and development on nano-enabled intelligent photonic-biosensor strategies for early-stage diagnosing of highly infectious diseases to prevent repeated outbreaks and save associated human mortalities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biosensing Techniques*
  7. Mahmud AH, Salahuddin NM, Md Jani AM, Abu Bakar NF, Zainal Abidin SAS, Mohd Zain Z, et al.
    Food Chem, 2023 Jun 15;411:135493.
    PMID: 36689871 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135493
    A voltammetric immunosensor was developed for detection of porcine serum albumin (PSA) to identify raw meat products adulterated with pork. A novel strategy to fabricate multiple individual nanoporous alumina (NPA) millirods (length, 5.0 mm; diameter, 1.0 mm) as the biorecognition platform is described. Each NPA millirod was covalently bioconjugated with anti-PSA capturing antibodies (α-PSAC). Following immunocapture, the PSA bound to the α-PSAC/NPA millirod bioconjugate were tagged with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalized with anti-PSA detection antibodies as the signaling probe. Subsequently, the AuNPs were voltammetrically analyzed to quantify the target PSA. The immunosensor exhibited 100 % specificity and high sensitivity to PSA with a limit of detection (LoD) of 50 (range, 0-1000) pg/mL (R2 = 0.9907). Real-world applicability was successfully validated using pork/beef adulterated mixtures with a LoD of 0.05 % (w/w). Overall, the detection performance of the proposed immunosensor was excellent and, thus, is suitable for surveillance of food safety and quality.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biosensing Techniques*
  8. SiouNing AS, Seong TS, Kondo H, Bhassu S
    Molecules, 2023 May 26;28(11).
    PMID: 37298833 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114357
    An infectious disease is the most apprehensive problem in aquaculture as it can lead to high mortality in aquatic organisms and massive economic loss. Even though significant progress has been accomplished in therapeutic, prevention, and diagnostic using several potential technologies, more robust inventions and breakthroughs should be achieved to control the spread of infectious diseases. MicroRNA (miRNA) is an endogenous small non-coding RNA that post-transcriptionally regulates the protein-coding genes. It involves various biological regulatory mechanisms in organisms such as cell differentiation, proliferation, immune responses, development, apoptosis, and others. Furthermore, an miRNA also acts as a mediator to either regulate host responses or enhance the replication of diseases during infection. Therefore, the emergence of miRNAs could be potential candidates for the establishment of diagnostic tools for numerous infectious diseases. Interestingly, studies have revealed that miRNAs can be used as biomarkers and biosensors to detect diseases, and can also be used to design vaccines to attenuate pathogens. This review provides an overview of miRNA biogenesis and specifically focuses on its regulation during infection in aquatic organisms, especially on the host immune responses and how miRNAs enhance the replication of pathogens in the organism. In addition to that, we explored the potential applications, including diagnostic methods and treatments, that can be employed in the aquaculture industry.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biosensing Techniques*
  9. Zhao X, Gopinath SCB, Zhao W
    Biotechnol Appl Biochem, 2023 Apr;70(2):502-508.
    PMID: 35661417 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2372
    Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), a medical complication, occurs when the aortic area becomes swollen and very large. It is mandatory to identify AAA to avoid the breakdown of aneurysms. C-reactive protein (CRP) has been recognized as one of the biomarkers for identifying AAA due to the possibility of CRP produced in vascular tissue, which contributes to the formation of an aneurysm, and it is elevated in patients with a ruptured AAA. This research work was designed to develop an immunosensor on a multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-modified surface to quantify the CRP level. Anti-CRP specificity was constructed on the MWCNT surface through a silane linker to interact with CRP. The detection limit of CRP was calculated as 100 pM with an R2 (determination coefficient) value of 0.9855 (y = 2.3446x - 1.9922) on a linear regression graph. The dose-dependent linear pattern was registered from 200 to 3000 pM and attained the saturation level during binding at 3000 pM. Furthermore, serum-spiked CRP showed a clear increase in the current response, proving the specific recognition of CRP in biological samples. This designed biosensor identifies CRP at a lower level and can help diagnose AAA.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biosensing Techniques*
  10. Lim YY, Zaidi AMA, Miskon A
    Molecules, 2023 Mar 24;28(7).
    PMID: 37049685 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28072920
    Due to its built-up chemoresistance after prolonged usage, the demand for replacing platinum in metal-based drugs (MBD) is rising. The first MBD approved by the FDA for cancer therapy was cisplatin in 1978. Even after nearly four and a half decades of trials, there has been no significant improvement in osteosarcoma (OS) therapy. In fact, many MBD have been developed, but the chemoresistance problem raised by platinum remains unresolved. This motivates us to elucidate the possibilities of the copper and zinc (CuZn) combination to replace platinum in MBD. Thus, the anti-chemoresistance properties of CuZn and their physiological functions for OS therapy are highlighted. Herein, we summarise their chelators, main organic solvents, and ligand functions in their structures that are involved in anti-chemoresistance properties. Through this review, it is rational to discuss their ligands' roles as biosensors in drug delivery systems. Hereafter, an in-depth understanding of their redox and photoactive function relationships is provided. The disadvantage is that the other functions of biosensors cannot be elaborated on here. As a result, this review is being developed, which is expected to intensify OS drugs with higher cure rates. Nonetheless, this advancement intends to solve the major chemoresistance obstacle towards clinical efficacy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biosensing Techniques*
  11. Zambry NS, Awang MS, Beh KK, Hamzah HH, Bustami Y, Obande GA, et al.
    Lab Chip, 2023 Mar 14;23(6):1622-1636.
    PMID: 36786757 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc01159j
    The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) motivates continuous efforts to develop robust and accurate diagnostic tests to detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Detection of viral nucleic acids provides the highest sensitivity and selectivity for diagnosing early and asymptomatic infection because the human immune system may not be active at this stage. Therefore, this work aims to develop a label-free electrochemical DNA biosensor for SARS-CoV-2 detection using a printed circuit board-based gold substrate (PCBGE). The developed sensor used the nucleocapsid phosphoprotein (N) gene as a biomarker. The DNA sensor-based PCBGE was fabricated by self-assembling a thiolated single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) probe onto an Au surface, which performed as the working electrode (WE). The Au surface was then treated with 6-mercapto-1-hexanol (MCH) before detecting the target N gene to produce a well-oriented arrangement of the immobilized ssDNA chains. The successful fabrication of the biosensor was characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The DNA biosensor performances were evaluated using a synthetic SARS-CoV-2 genome and 20 clinical RNA samples from healthy and infected individuals through EIS. The developed DNA biosensor can detect as low as 1 copy per μL of the N gene within 5 minutes with a LOD of 0.50 μM. Interestingly, the proposed DNA sensor could distinguish the expression of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in a patient diagnosed with COVID-19 without any amplification technique. We believe that the proposed DNA sensor platform is a promising point-of-care (POC) device for COVID-19 viral infection since it offers a rapid detection time with a simple design and workflow detection system, as well as an affordable diagnostic assay.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biosensing Techniques*
  12. Ang PC, Perumal V, Ibrahim MNM, Adnan R, Mohd Azman DK, Gopinath SCB, et al.
    Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 2023 Mar;107(5-6):1503-1513.
    PMID: 36719432 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12400-y
    Viruses have spread throughout the world and cause acute illness or death among millions of people. There is a growing concern about methods to control and combat early-stage viral infections to prevent the significant public health problem. However, conventional detection methods like polymerase chain reaction (PCR) requires sample purification and are time-consuming for further clinical diagnosis. Hence, establishing a portable device for rapid detection with enhanced sensitivity and selectivity for the specific virus to prevent further spread becomes an urgent need. Many research groups are focusing on the potential of the electrochemical sensor to become a key for developing point-of-care (POC) technologies for clinical analysis because it can solve most of the limitations of conventional diagnostic methods. Herein, this review discusses the current development of electrochemical sensors for the detection of respiratory virus infections and flaviviruses over the past 10 years. Trends in future perspectives in rapid clinical detection sensors on viruses are also discussed. KEY POINTS: • Respiratory related viruses and Flavivirus are being concerned for past decades. • Important to differentiate the cross-reactivity between the virus in same family. • Electrochemical biosensor as a suitable device to detect viruses with high performance.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biosensing Techniques*
  13. Ikram M, Bari MA, Bilal M, Jamal F, Nabgan W, Haider J, et al.
    Biomater Adv, 2023 Feb;145:213234.
    PMID: 36502548 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213234
    Sensors play a significant role in modern technologies and devices used in industries, hospitals, healthcare, nanotechnology, astronomy, and meteorology. Sensors based upon nanostructured materials have gained special attention due to their high sensitivity, precision accuracy, and feasibility. This review discusses the fabrication of graphene-based biosensors and gas sensors, which have highly efficient performance. Significant developments in the synthesis routes to fabricate graphene-based materials with improved structural and surface properties have boosted their utilization in sensing applications. The higher surface area, better conductivity, tunable structure, and atom-thick morphology of these hybrid materials have made them highly desirable for the fabrication of flexible and stable sensors. Many publications have reported various modification approaches to improve the selectivity of these materials. In the current work, a compact and informative review focusing on the most recent developments in graphene-based biosensors and gas sensors has been designed and delivered. The research community has provided a complete critical analysis of the most robust case studies from the latest fabrication routes to the most complex challenges. Some significant ideas and solutions have been proposed to overcome the limitations regarding the field of biosensors and hazardous gas sensors.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biosensing Techniques*
  14. Chaudhary V, Khanna V, Ahmed Awan HT, Singh K, Khalid M, Mishra YK, et al.
    Biosens Bioelectron, 2023 Jan 15;220:114847.
    PMID: 36335709 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114847
    Existing public health emergencies due to fatal/infectious diseases such as coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and monkeypox have raised the paradigm of 5th generation portable intelligent and multifunctional biosensors embedded on a single chip. The state-of-the-art 5th generation biosensors are concerned with integrating advanced functional materials with controllable physicochemical attributes and optimal machine processability. In this direction, 2D metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes), owing to their enhanced effective surface area, tunable physicochemical properties, and rich surface functionalities, have shown promising performances in biosensing flatlands. Moreover, their hybridization with diversified nanomaterials caters to their associated challenges for the commercialization of stability due to restacking and oxidation. MXenes and its hybrid biosensors have demonstrated intelligent and lab-on-chip prospects for determining diverse biomarkers/pathogens related to fatal and infectious diseases. Recently, on-site detection has been clubbed with solution-on-chip MXenes by interfacing biosensors with modern-age technologies, including 5G communication, internet-of-medical-things (IoMT), artificial intelligence (AI), and data clouding to progress toward hospital-on-chip (HOC) modules. This review comprehensively summarizes the state-of-the-art MXene fabrication, advancements in physicochemical properties to architect biosensors, and the progress of MXene-based lab-on-chip biosensors toward HOC solutions. Besides, it discusses sustainable aspects, practical challenges and alternative solutions associated with these modules to develop personalized and remote healthcare solutions for every individual in the world.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biosensing Techniques*
  15. Mohamad Nor N, Ridhuan NS, Abdul Razak K
    Biosensors (Basel), 2022 Dec 06;12(12).
    PMID: 36551103 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121136
    This review covers the progress of nanomaterial-modified electrodes for enzymatic and non-enzymatic glucose biosensors. Fundamental insights into glucose biosensor components and the crucial factors controlling the electrochemical performance of glucose biosensors are discussed in detail. The metal, metal oxide, and hybrid/composite nanomaterial fabrication strategies for the modification of electrodes, mechanism of detection, and significance of the nanomaterials toward the electrochemical performance of enzymatic and non-enzymatic glucose biosensors are compared and comprehensively reviewed. This review aims to provide readers with an overview and underlying concept of producing a reliable, stable, cost-effective, and excellent electrochemical performance of a glucose biosensor.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biosensing Techniques*
  16. Eddin FBK, Fen YW, Liew JYC, Daniyal WMEMM
    Biosensors (Basel), 2022 Dec 03;12(12).
    PMID: 36551091 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121124
    Surface plasmonic sensors have received considerable attention, found extensive applications, and outperformed conventional optical sensors. In this work, biopolymer chitosan (CS) was used to prepare the bilayer structure (CS/Au) of a plasmonic refractive index sensor for dopamine (DA) detection. The sensing characteristics of the developed plasmonic sensor were evaluated. Increasing DA concentrations significantly shifted the SPR dips. The sensor exhibited stability and a refractive index sensitivity of 8.850°/RIU in the linear range 0.1 nM to 1 µM with a detection limit of 0.007 nM and affinity constant of 1.383 × 108 M-1. The refractive index and thickness of the CS/Au structure were measured simultaneously by fitting the obtained experimental findings to theoretical data based on Fresnel equations. The fitting yielded the refractive index values n (1.5350 ± 0.0001) and k (0.0150 ± 0.0001) for the CS layer contacting 0.1 nM of DA, and the thickness, d was (15.00 ± 0.01) nm. Then, both n and d values increased by increasing DA concentrations. In addition, the changes in the FTIR spectrum and the variations in sensor surface roughness and structure obtained by AFM analysis confirmed DA adsorption on the sensing layer. Based on these observations, CS/Au bilayer has enhanced the performance of this plasmonic sensor, which showed promising importance as a simple, low-cost, and reliable platform for DA sensing.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biosensing Techniques*
  17. Azizi MMF, Romeli S, Razali H, Ariffin EY, Tajol Ariffin MA, Heng LY, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2022 Nov 11;12(1):19324.
    PMID: 36369187 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20998-8
    More than 200 different cultivars of durian exist worldwide but Durio zibethinus or Musang King (MK) is the most premium and prized durian fruit among the recommended varieties. Early identification of this premium variety is critical to protect from non-authentic MK durian cultivars. However, the MK variety's morphological traits are nearly identical to other varieties. Currently, the identification of durian varieties is mostly performed via evaluation of leaf shape, fruit shape, aroma, taste and seed shape and this requires trained personnel for the morphology observation. To enable the rapid identification of the MK variety, PCR amplification of ten durian varieties using six gene candidates from the chloroplast genome was first performed to obtain DNA probes that were specific to the MK durian variety. PCR amplification of ten durian varieties using primers designed confirmed that the nadhA gene sequence showed an obvious difference in the MK variety from other durian varieties. The unique sequence of MK was used as a DNA probe to develop an electrochemical biosensor for the direct identification of the MK durian variety. The electrochemical biosensor was based on the hybridization response of the immobilized DNA probe with the target DNA from the MK variety and was monitored via differential pulse voltammetry technique. Under optimal conditions, the DNA electrochemical biosensor showed a low detection limit at 10% of MK genomic DNA concentration with a wide linear calibration range of 0.05-1.5 µM (R2 = 0.9891) and RSD value of 3.77% (n = 3). The results of the developed DNA biosensor provide high promise for the development of portable sensors employed in the determination of MK variety in the field.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biosensing Techniques*
  18. Gan Z, Roslan MAM, Abd Shukor MY, Halim M, Yasid NA, Abdullah J, et al.
    Biosensors (Basel), 2022 Oct 25;12(11).
    PMID: 36354431 DOI: 10.3390/bios12110922
    Aptamers are a group of synthetic single-stranded nucleic acids. They are generated from a random library of single-stranded DNA or RNA by a technology named systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). SELEX is a repetitive process to select and identify suitable aptamers that show high affinity and specificity towards target cells. Great strides have been achieved in the design, construction, and use of aptamers up to this point. However, only a small number of aptamer-based applications have achieved widespread commercial and clinical acceptance. Additionally, finding more effective ways to acquire aptamers with high affinity remains a challenge. Therefore, it is crucial to thoroughly examine the existing dearth and advancement in aptamer-related technologies. This review focuses on aptamers that are generated by SELEX to detect pathogenic microorganisms and mammalian cells, as well as in cell-internalizing SELEX for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The development of novel aptamer-based biosensors using optical and electrical methods for microbial detection is reported. The applications and limitations of aptamers are also discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biosensing Techniques*
  19. Ibrahim NFA, Sabani N, Johari S, Manaf AA, Wahab AA, Zakaria Z, et al.
    Sensors (Basel), 2022 Oct 10;22(19).
    PMID: 36236769 DOI: 10.3390/s22197670
    Sweat analysis offers non-invasive real-time on-body measurement for wearable sensors. However, there are still gaps in current developed sweat-sensing devices (SSDs) regarding the concerns of mixing fresh and old sweat and real-time measurement, which are the requirements to ensure accurate the measurement of wearable devices. This review paper discusses these limitations by aiding model designs, features, performance, and the device operation for exploring the SSDs used in different sweat collection tools, focusing on continuous and non-continuous flow sweat analysis. In addition, the paper also comprehensively presents various sweat biomarkers that have been explored by earlier works in order to broaden the use of non-invasive sweat samples in healthcare and related applications. This work also discusses the target analyte's response mechanism for different sweat compositions, categories of sweat collection devices, and recent advances in SSDs regarding optimal design, functionality, and performance.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biosensing Techniques*
  20. Chen Y, Chen Y, Shi W, Hu S, Huang Q, Liu GS, et al.
    Biosens Bioelectron, 2022 Feb 15;198:113787.
    PMID: 34864241 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113787
    High sensitivity and capturing ratio are strongly demanded for surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors when applied in detection of small molecules. Herein, an SPR sensor is combined with a novel smart material, namely, MoS2 nanoflowers (MNFs), to demonstrate programmable adsorption/desorption of small bipolar molecules, i.e., amino acids. The MNFs overcoated on the plasmonic gold layer increase the sensitivity by 25% compared to an unmodified SPR sensor, because of the electric field enhancement at the gold surface. Furthermore, as the MNFs have rich edge sites and negatively charged surfaces, the MNF-SPR sensors exhibit not only much higher bipolar-molecule adsorption capability, but also efficient desorption of these molecules. It is demonstrated that the MNF-SPR sensors enable controllable detection of amino acids by adjusting solution pH according to their isoelectric points. In addition, the MNFs decorated on the plasmonic interface can be as nanostructure frameworks and modified with antibody, which allows for specific detection of proteins. This novel SPR sensor provides a new simple strategy for pre-screening of amino acid disorders in blood plasma and a universal high-sensitive platform for immunoassay.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biosensing Techniques*
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