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Effects of bivalve aquaculture on plankton and benthic community

Tan K, Xu P, Huang L, Luo C, Huang J, Fazhan H, et al.

Sci Total Environ, 2024 Mar 01;914:169892.
PMID: 38211869 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.169892

Global human population has increased dramatically over the past 50 years. As a result, marine fisheries and finfish aquaculture have become increasingly unsustainable, driving bivalve aquaculture to become an important food industry for the production of marine animal protein to support the growing market demand for animal protein. It is projected that the rate of bivalve aquaculture expansion will be greatly accelerated in the near future as the human population continues to increase. Although it is generally believed that unfed bivalve aquaculture has less impact on the environment than finfish aquaculture, the rapid expansion of bivalve aquaculture has raised concerns about its potential negative impact, especially on plankton and benthic community. Therefore, there is an urgent need to update the potential effects of bivalve aquaculture on plankton and benthic community. This article reviews the present state of knowledge on environmental issues related to bivalve aquaculture, and discusses potential mitigation measures for the environmental impacts induced by expansion of bivalve aquaculture. This review provides guidance for scientists and farm managers to clarify the current state of research and identify priority research needs for future bivalve aquaculture research. Therefore, specific management strategies can be formulated for the sustainable development and expansion of bivalve aquaculture.

Matched MeSH terms: Bivalvia*
Evaluation of the microplastics in bivalves and water column at Pantai Teluk Likas, North Borneo, Malaysia

Abd Rahman NN, Mazlan N, Shukhairi SS, Nazahuddin MNA, Shawel AS, Harun H, et al.

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2024 Mar;31(15):23178-23192.
PMID: 38418781 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32628-z

Microplastics (MPs) are a pervasive pollutant in the marine environment. Pantai Teluk Likas in Sabah, Malaysia is one of the most visited beaches where tourism, recreational, and fisheries activities are high in this area. Hence, the area suffers from severe pollution, particularly from plastics. This study aims to quantify the microplastic composition in terms of color, shapes, and polymer types in marine bivalves (Anadara granosa, Glauconome virens, and Meretrix lyrata) and water column samples from Pantai Teluk Likas. All samples were digested using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and incubated in the oven for at least 48 h. Serial filtration was done for each sample before they were observed under the dissecting microscope. The microplastics were identified and counted based on their physical attributes which were colors and shapes. The functional group of the polymers was determined using FTIR spectroscopy. Microplastics were found present in all samples collected. G. virens had the highest abundance of microplastics at 113.6 ± 6.5 particles/g followed by M. lyrata at 78.4 ± 3.7 particles/g. On the contrary, A. granosa had the least microplastics with an abundance of 24.4 ± 0.6 particles/g. Meanwhile, 110.0 ± 36.2 particles/L of microplastics were found in water column samples from Pantai Teluk Likas. Based on the analysis, fibers were the most common shape in bivalves, while fibers and films were common in the water column. In terms of colors, black, blue, and red were a few of the most abundant colors observed in both samples. The most common polymer detected in all bivalve species and water column samples is polycarbonate (PC), followed by polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). Future study that focuses on the correlation between microplastic abundance in the marine biota and the water column is recommended to better understand microplastic availability and exposure.

Matched MeSH terms: Bivalvia*
Reproductive Aspects of the Bamboo Clam Solen lamarckii (Dhayes 1839), in Bengkalis Island Waters, Indonesia

Nasution S, Nuraini

Pak J Biol Sci, 2023 Apr;26(5):213-223.
PMID: 37859553 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2023.213.223

Background and Objective: Bamboo clam Solen lamarckii is one of the bivalve's species that have important economic value in Indonesian waters. Knowledge of the reproductive biology of a species is essential for proper and sustainable fisheries management. Monthly variations in the gonad maturity level of the clams from the coastal waters of Bengkalis Island Indonesia, were examined. Materials and Methods: Samples of the clam were collected monthly at the intertidal zone during low tide from May to September, 2020. A total of 239 specimens of which 116 females and 123 males were examined. Reproductive aspects observed in this study included sex ratio, gonadosomatic index, monthly gonadal maturity level and female fecundity. Mature female or near spawning phases were used for fecundity estimation. The sex ratios were analysed using a Chi-quadrat-Test, whereas to determine differences in fecundity between female individuals tested by Analysis of Variance. Results: Based on the gonadosomatic index (GSI) and histological observation of both sexes's gonads, it can be concluded that early spawning occurred in August and the peak seemed to take place during October-November. The sex ratios were analysed using a Chi-quadrat-Test which was not different from parity. Gonad maturation time between males and females indicates synchrony and no hermaphrodites were observed in the collection. Females shell length range of 75.5 to 89.3 mm produced 4.63×103-7.43×103 eggs ind-1 female (N = 10). Females with a shell length between 75.5 and 89.3 mm had varying fecundities, but analysis of variance showed no significant difference (Sig>0.05). Conclusion: Based on the gonadosomatic index (GSI) and histological analysis, S. lamarckii in Bengkalis waters spawned in August. Males and females showed spawning synchrony.

Matched MeSH terms: Bivalvia*
Higher Risks of Copper Toxicity in Turbid Waters: Quantifying the Bioavailability of Particle-Bound Metals to Set Site-Specific Water Quality Criteria

Cao X, Yu ZX, Xie M, Pan K, Tan QG

Environ Sci Technol, 2023 Jan 17;57(2):1060-1070.
PMID: 36595456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06447

In coastal waters, particulate metals constitute a substantial fraction of the total metals; however, the prevalent water quality criteria are primarily based on dissolved metals, seemingly neglecting the contribution of particulate metals. Here we developed a method to quantify the toxicity risk of particulate metals, and proposed a way to calculate modifying factors (MFs) for setting site-specific criteria in turbid waters. Specifically, we used a side-by-side experimental design to study copper (Cu) bioaccumulation and toxicity in an estuarine clam, Potamocorbula laevis, under the exposure to "dissolved only" and "dissolved + particulate" 65Cu. A toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic model (TK-TD) was used to quantify the processes of Cu uptake, ingestion, assimilation, egestion, and elimination, and to relate mortality risk to tissue Cu. We find that particulate Cu contributes 40-67% of the Cu bioaccumulation when the suspended particulate matter (SPM) ranges from 12 to 229 mg L-1. The Cu-bearing SPM also increases the sensitivity of organisms to internalized Cu by decreasing the internal threshold concentration (CIT) from 141 to 76.8 μg g-1. MFs were derived based on the TK-TD model to consider the contribution of particulate Cu (in the studied SPM range) for increasing Cu bioaccumulation (MF = 1.3-2.2) and toxicity (MF = 2.3-3.9). Water quality criteria derived from dissolved metal exposure need to be lowered by dividing by an MF to provide adequate protection. Overall, the method we developed provides a scientifically sound framework to manage the risks of metals in turbid waters.

Matched MeSH terms: Bivalvia*
The protective effect of nano calcium produced from freshwater clam shells on the histopathological overview of the liver and kidneys of mice exposed to mercury toxins

Srie Rahayu SY, Aminingsih T, Fudholi A

J Trace Elem Med Biol, 2022 May;71:126963.
PMID: 35231878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.126963

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Freshwater clam shells nanoparticles powder is one of the uses of freshwater clams that can manufacture instant granular mineral supplements. This product can be used as a supplement to detoxify heavy metal toxins, such as Mercury. Mercury is an element that is detectable in all environmental media. Adults and children receive the most Mercury from food, air, and water intake. The majority of Mercury in the environment comes from the waste from mining activities and the metal industry. Mercury was found widely in the biosphere and is known as a dangerous hepatotoxicant. This study aimed to describe the hepatoprotective role of nano minerals (Ca, Mg, and Zn) produced from freshwater clam shells against mercury acetate poisoning in mice.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The mice were divided randomly into a control group (aqua bidest and mercury acetate) and an experimental group for this purpose. The experimental mice group was given orally nano Ca supplementation in three dose groups (9 mg, 18 mg, and 27 mg/200 g animal body weight) once a day for 21 consecutive days. The mice are then given mercury acetate (1300 µg/200 g animal body weight intraperitoneally) on the 21st day. One hour after giving the nano Ca supplement, the mice's blood was taken. Liver and kidney were autopsied two days later to check quantitative and qualitative changes caused by mercury concentrations in liver and kidney histopathologies.
RESULTS: The results demonstrated the importance of nano Ca supplementation before mercury acetate induction, which has been shown to reduce necrotic depletion and hepatocyte degeneration.
CONCLUSION: Nano Ca supplementation has decreased the concentration of Hg in the blood of mice so that it can be used as a potential health supplement to detoxify mercury toxins.

Matched MeSH terms: Bivalvia*
Reduction of COD and ammoniacal nitrogen from stabilized landfill leachate by using green mussel and zeolite as composite adsorbent

Detho A, Daud Z, Rosli MA, Awang H

J Air Waste Manag Assoc, 2022 01;72(1):69-75.
PMID: 33689591 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2021.1894267

Landfill leachate is a liquid generated due to rainwater percolation through the waste in a landfill or dumping site that may contain high levels of organic matter, both biodegradable and non-biodegradable, which are the major sources of water pollution. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and Ammoniacal Nitrogen (NH3-N) contents have been relevant indicators of severity and pollution potential of landfill leachate. The reductions of COD and NH3-N were investigated in this study using different combinations of media ratios of green mussel (GM) and zeolite (ZEO). Generally, ZEO is considered as a renowned adsorbent but with a relatively high in cost. In Malaysia, mussel shell is abundantly available as a by-product from the seafood industry, is regarded as waste, and is mostly left at the dumpsite to naturally deteriorate. Its quality and availability make GMs a cost-effective material. In this research study, leachate samples were characterized and found to contain high concentrations of COD and NH3-N. The adsorption process was conducted to find out the best combination media ratio between GM and ZEO. The removing efficiency was determined at different amounts of composite media ratios. The optimal adsorbent mixture ratios between (GM: ZEO) of 1.0:3.0 and 1.5:2.5 were considered as a more efficient technique in removing COD and NH3-N compared to exploiting these adsorbents individually. The optimal extenuation removal reduction was found at an approximately 65% of COD and 78% of NH3-N. The adsorption Isotherm Langmuir model exhibited a better fit with high regression coefficient for COD (R2 = 0.9998) and NH3-N (R2 = 0.9875), respectively. This means that the combination of GM: ZEO adsorption of landfill leachate in this analysis is homogeneous with the monolayer. The mixture of GMs and ZEO was observed to provide an alternative medium for the reduction of COD and NH3-N with comparatively lower cost.Implications: The concentration of organic constituents (COD) and ammoniacal nitrogen in stabilized landfill leachate have significantly strong influences of human health and the environment. The combination of mixing media green mussel and zeolite adsorbent enhancing organic constituents (COD) and ammoniacal nitrogen reduction efficiency from leachate. This would be greatly applicable in future research as well as conventionally minimizing high cost materials like zeolite, thereby lowering the operating cost of leachate treatment.

Matched MeSH terms: Bivalvia*
Fulltext The Crown Pearl: a draft genome assembly of the European freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758)

Gomes-Dos-Santos A, Lopes-Lima M, Machado AM, Marcos Ramos A, Usié A, Bolotov IN, et al.

DNA Res, 2021 May 02;28(2).
PMID: 33755103 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsab002

Since historical times, the inherent human fascination with pearls turned the freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) into a highly valuable cultural and economic resource. Although pearl harvesting in M. margaritifera is nowadays residual, other human threats have aggravated the species conservation status, especially in Europe. This mussel presents a myriad of rare biological features, e.g. high longevity coupled with low senescence and Doubly Uniparental Inheritance of mitochondrial DNA, for which the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly known. Here, the first draft genome assembly of M. margaritifera was produced using a combination of Illumina Paired-end and Mate-pair approaches. The genome assembly was 2.4 Gb long, possessing 105,185 scaffolds and a scaffold N50 length of 288,726 bp. The ab initio gene prediction allowed the identification of 35,119 protein-coding genes. This genome represents an essential resource for studying this species' unique biological and evolutionary features and ultimately will help to develop new tools to promote its conservation.

Matched MeSH terms: Bivalvia/genetics*
Integrating mechanistic models and climate change projections to predict invasion of the mussel, Mytilopsis sallei, along the southern China coast

Tan ALS, Cheng MCF, Giacoletti A, Chung JX, Liew J, Sarà G, et al.

Sci Total Environ, 2021 Mar 25;762:143097.
PMID: 33139009 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143097

Species invasion is an important cause of global biodiversity decline and is often mediated by shifts in environmental conditions such as climate change. To investigate this relationship, a mechanistic Dynamic Energy Budget model (DEB) approach was used to predict how climate change may affect spread of the invasive mussel Mytilopsis sallei, by predicting variation in the total reproductive output of the mussel under different scenarios. To achieve this, the DEB model was forced with present-day satellite data of sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a), and SST under two warming RCP scenarios and decreasing current Chl-a levels, to predict future responses. Under both warming scenarios, the DEB model predicted the reproductive output of M. sallei would enhance range extension of the mussel, especially in regions south of the Yangtze River when future declines in Chl-a were reduced by less than 10%, whereas egg production was inhibited when Chl-a decreased by 20-30%. The decrease in SST in the Yangtze River may, however, be a natural barrier to the northward expansion of M. sallei, with colder temperatures resulting in a strong decrease in egg production. Although the invasion path of M. sallei may be inhibited northwards by the Yangtze River, larger geographic regions south of the Yangtze River run the risk of invasion, with subsequent negative impacts on aquaculture through competition for food with farmed bivalves and damaging aquaculture facilities. Using a DEB model approach to characterise the life history traits of M. sallei, therefore, revealed the importance of food availability and temperature on the reproductive output of this mussel and allowed evaluation of the invasion risk for specific regions. DEB is, therefore, a powerful predictive tool for risk management of already established invasive populations and to identify regions with a high potential invasion risk.

Matched MeSH terms: Bivalvia*
Fulltext A Commentary on the Use of Bivalve Mollusks in Monitoring Metal Pollution Levels

Yap CK, Sharifinia M, Cheng WH, Al-Shami SA, Wong KW, Al-Mutairi KA

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2021 Mar 25;18(7).
PMID: 33805997 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073386

The objective of this commentary is to promote the use of bivalves as biomonitors, which is a part of the continual efforts of the International Mussel Watch. This commentary is an additional discussion on "Bivalve mollusks in metal pollution studies: From bioaccumulation to biomonitoring" by Zuykov et al., published in Chemosphere 93, 201-208. The present discussion can serve as a platform for further insights to provide new thoughts and novel ideas on how to make better use of bivalves in biomonitoring studies. The certainty of better and more extensive applications of mollusks in environmental monitoring in the future is almost confirmed but more studies are urgently needed. With all the reported studies using bivalves as biomonitors of heavy metal pollution, the effectiveness of using Mussel Watch is beyond any reasonable doubts. The challenge is the development of more accurate methodologies for of heavy metal data interpretation, and the precision of the biomonitoring studies using bivalves as biomonitors, whether in coastal or freshwater ecosystems. Lastly, inclusion of human health risk assessment of heavy metals in commercial bivalves would make the research papers of high public interest.

Matched MeSH terms: Bivalvia*
Fulltext Incorporation of Hydroxyapatite into Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) Formulated Based on Alumino-Silicate-Fluoride Glass Ceramics from Waste Materials

Wan Jusoh WN, Matori KA, Mohd Zaid MH, Zainuddin N, Ahmad Khiri MZ, Abdul Rahman NA, et al.

Materials (Basel), 2021 Feb 18;14(4).
PMID: 33670465 DOI: 10.3390/ma14040954

Glass ionomer cement (GIC) is a well-known restorative material applied in dentistry. The present work aims to study the effect of hydroxyapatite (HA) addition into GIC based on physical, mechanical and structural properties. The utilization of waste materials namely clam shell (CS) and soda lime silica (SLS) glass as replacements for the respective CaO and SiO2 sources in the fabrication of alumino-silicate-fluoride (ASF) glass ceramics powder. GIC was formulated based on ASF glass ceramics, polyacrylic acid (PAA) and deionized water, while 1 wt.% of HA powder was added to enhance the properties of the cement samples. The cement samples were subjected to four different ageing times before being analyzed. In this study, the addition of HA caused an increment in density and compressive strength results along with ageing time. Besides, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) revealed the formation of fluorohydroxyapatite (FHA) phase in HA-added GIC samples and it was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis which detected OH‒F vibration mode. In addition, needle-like and agglomeration of spherical shapes owned by apatite crystals were observed from Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). Based on Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, the detection of chemical elements in the cement samples were originated from chemical compounds used in the preparation of glass ceramics powder and also the polyacid utilized in initiating the reaction of GIC.

Matched MeSH terms: Bivalvia
The future of food from the sea

Costello C, Cao L, Gelcich S, Cisneros-Mata MÁ, Free CM, Froehlich HE, et al.

Nature, 2020 12;588(7836):95-100.
PMID: 32814903 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2616-y

Global food demand is rising, and serious questions remain about whether supply can increase sustainably1. Land-based expansion is possible but may exacerbate climate change and biodiversity loss, and compromise the delivery of other ecosystem services2-6. As food from the sea represents only 17% of the current production of edible meat, we ask how much food we can expect the ocean to sustainably produce by 2050. Here we examine the main food-producing sectors in the ocean-wild fisheries, finfish mariculture and bivalve mariculture-to estimate 'sustainable supply curves' that account for ecological, economic, regulatory and technological constraints. We overlay these supply curves with demand scenarios to estimate future seafood production. We find that under our estimated demand shifts and supply scenarios (which account for policy reform and technology improvements), edible food from the sea could increase by 21-44 million tonnes by 2050, a 36-74% increase compared to current yields. This represents 12-25% of the estimated increase in all meat needed to feed 9.8 billion people by 2050. Increases in all three sectors are likely, but are most pronounced for mariculture. Whether these production potentials are realized sustainably will depend on factors such as policy reforms, technological innovation and the extent of future shifts in demand.

Matched MeSH terms: Bivalvia
On the identity of the poorly known pea crab, Pinnothera obesa Dana, 1852, and description of a new species of Arcotheres Manning, 1993 from the Southwest Pacific (Decapoda: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae)

Komai T, Kawai K, Ng PKL

Zootaxa, 2020 Aug 05;4822(2):zootaxa.4822.2.5.
PMID: 33056290 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4822.2.5

The pinnotherid crab, Pinnothera obesa Dana, 1852, was originally described on the basis of material from Fiji, but its taxonomic status has long been obscure because the original description and figures are too brief and schematic by modern standards and the types are also lost. Examination of newly collected material from Fiji revealed the presence of two intertidal pinnotherid species assignable to the genus Arcotheres Manning, 1993, one of which is herein identified with Dana's taxon. A neotype is designated for Arcotheres obesus n. comb. in the interest of nomenclatural stability, and a detailed redescription is given. Arcotheres obesus is morphologically similar to A. exiguus (Bürger, 1895) and A. rotundatus (Bürger, 1895), and differentiating characters are discussed. The species is also reported from Peninsular Malaysia. The second species is new to science, here described as Arcotheres ocularius, and is most similar to A. palaensis (Bürger, 1895) and A. arcophilus (Bürger, 1895). The new species is also recorded from Lombok, Indonesia. Arcotheres obesus and A. ocularius n. sp. are associated with bivalve mollusks of the genera Gafrarium spp. (Veneridae) and Anadara spp. (Arcidae), respectively.

Matched MeSH terms: Bivalvia*
Fulltext Prevalence and antibiotic resistance patterns of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from different types of seafood in Selangor, Malaysia

Tan CW, Rukayadi Y, Hasan H, Thung TY, Lee E, Rollon WD, et al.

Saudi J Biol Sci, 2020 Jun;27(6):1602-1608.
PMID: 32489301 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.01.002

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a foodborne bacterial pathogen that may cause gastroenteritis in humans through the consumption of seafood contaminated with this microorganism. The emergence of antimicrobial and multidrug-resistant bacteria is another serious public health threat worldwide. In this study, the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility test of V. parahaemolyticus in blood clams, shrimps, surf clams, and squids were determined. The overall prevalence of V. parahaemolyticus in seafood was 85.71% (120/140), consisting of 91.43% (32/35) in blood clam, 88.57% (31/35) in shrimps, 82.86% (29/35) in surf clams, and 80% (28/35) in squids. The majority of V. parahaemolyticus isolates from the seafood samples were found to be susceptible to most antibiotics except ampicillin, cefazolin, and penicillin. The MAR indices of V. parahaemolyticus isolates ranged from 0.04 to 0.71 and about 90.83% of isolates were found resistant to more than one antibiotic. The high prevalence of V. parahaemolyticus in seafood and multidrug-resistant isolates detected in this study could pose a potential risk to human health and hence appropriate control methods should be in place to minimize the potential contamination and prevent the emergence of antibiotic resistance.

Matched MeSH terms: Bivalvia
Distribution of mercury in sediments, plant and animal tissues in Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve, Malaysia

Wolswijk G, Satyanarayana B, Dung LQ, Siau YF, Ali ANB, Saliu IS, et al.

J Hazard Mater, 2020 04 05;387:121665.
PMID: 31784131 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121665

Charcoal production activities at the Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve (MMFR) in Peninsular Malaysia have a potential to emit volatile compounds such as Hg back into the ambient environment, raising concerns on the public health and safety. The present study was aimed at analyzing Hg concentration from different plant/animal tissues and sediment samples (in total 786 samples) to understand clearly the Hg distribution at the MMFR. Leaves of Rhizophora spp. showed higher Hg concentration with an increasing trend from young, to mature, to senescent and decomposing stages, which was possibly due to accumulation of Hg over time. The low Hg concentration in Rhizophora roots and bark suggests a limited absorption from the sediments and a meagre accumulation/partitioning by the plant tissue, respectively. In the case of mangrove cockles the concentration of Hg was lower than the permissible limits for seafood consumption. Although the mangrove gastropod - Cassidula aurisfelis Bruguière had rather elevated Hg in the muscle tissue, it is still less than the environmental safely limit. Beside the chances of atmospheric deposition for Hg, the sediment samples were found to be unpolluted in nature, indicating that in general the MMFR is still safe in terms of Hg pollution.

Matched MeSH terms: Bivalvia/chemistry
Fulltext physicochemical properties of undulated surf clam (Paphia undulata) HYDROLYSATE AS AFFECTED BY DEGREE OF HYDROLYSIS

YAP JAA YEE, AMIZA MAT AMIN

UMT Journal of Undergraduate Research, 2020;2(3):15-26.
MyJurnal

This study aimed to determine the physicochemical properties of undulated surf clam (Paphia undulata) hydrolysate as affected by the degree of hydrolysis (DH). Three levels of DH of undulated surf clam hydrolysate were prepared which were DH 36.57% (without any enzymatic hydrolysis), DH 58.25% (0.5% Alcalase®; 5 min; pH 7.5; 60ºC) and DH 91.26% (1% Alcalase®; 30 min; pH 7.5; 60ºC). After protein hydrolysis, the undulated surf clam hydrolysates were centrifuged, and their supernatants were freeze-dried. This study found that the protein hydrolysate with lower DH (DH 36.57%) gave lower protein content and higher ash and fat contents compared to other samples (DH 58.25% and DH 91.26%). However, the carbohydrate content is similar in all samples (16.56-20.04%). This study also found that foaming properties (29.43-67.50%), emulsifying capacity (11.94-110.52%) and peptide solubility (57.61-94.08%) were affected by the DH. As DH increased, the emulsifying capacity decreased, while peptide solubility increased. While the foaming capacity increased with increasing DH until it reached a maximum value and level off afterwards. For colour parameters, although there were differences between L*, a* and b* values for all three samples, a fluctuating pattern was noted with DH. DH also did not affect the water-holding and oil-holding capacity of undulated surf clam hydrolysate. This study shows that certain physicochemical properties of undulated surf clam hydrolysate can be tailored by adjusting the degree of hydrolysis.

Matched MeSH terms: Bivalvia
Fulltext A casemix: congestive heart failure readmission rate and its associated factors in a tertiary teaching Hospital in Kuala Lumpur

Wong, C.M., Abdullah Aliff, A.W., Mohd Shahrol, A.W., Diana Safraa, S., Lavanyah, S., Aniza, I., et al.

Medicine & Health, 2020;15(1):141-155.
MyJurnal

Penyakit lemah jantung merupakan antara lima punca utama kematian penyakit kronik tidak berjangkit berdasarkan rujukan World Health Organization. Sekitar 20% pesakit kegagalan jantung di seluruh dunia memasuki wad semula dalam jangka masa 30 hari selepas discaj. Hal ini demikian biasanya akibat daripada tidak mematuhi penyekatan sukatan air diminum atau pun perkembangan penyakit. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti kadar masuk wad dalam 30 hari selepas discaj daripada kegagalan jantung dan faktor berkaitan di Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM) pada tahun 2016-2017 dengan menggunakan data casemix. Berdasarkan data kod, perbelanjaan digunakan untuk masuk wad semula dalam 30 hari diambilkira. Kadar masuk wad untuk kegagalan jantung dalam 30 hari selepas discaj bagi punca yang sama adalah 53.5% dan 43.5% bagi tahun 2016 dan 2017, sama kadar dengan hospital mengajar yang lain tetapi lebih tinggi daripada kadar di negara maju. Selepas diselaraskan, hanya faktor umur pesakit dan tahap keterukan penyakit menunjukkan kaitan yang bermakna dengan kemasukan wad dalam 30 hari selepas discaj bagi kegagalan jantung. Jangka masa berada dalam wad dan perbelanjaan untuk kemasukkan wad adalah lebih rendah daripada yang sepatutnya dicapai. Sebanyak RM80,329.73 telah dijimatkan pada tahun 2017 atas rawatan yang pantas dan rancangan penjagaan yang komprehensif diberi kepada 19.3% pesakit gagal jantung tahap keterukan tiga. Penurunan kadar kemasukan wad semula dalam 30 hari selepas discaj juga menjimatkan kos pesakit dan menunjukkan penjagaan klinikal yang mantap dan strategi rawatan yang rapi. Kajian casemix ini boleh digunakan sebagai rujukan untuk penentuan bajet bagi unit kardiologi di PPUKM.

Matched MeSH terms: Bivalvia
Fulltext Assessment of patient satisfaction with the preoperative anaesthetic evaluation

Lee, S.Y., Cheah, S.K., Muhammad, M., Aniza, I.

Medicine & Health, 2020;15(1):156-165.
MyJurnal

Penilaian anestetik pra-operasi adalah penting semasa penjagaan perioperatif. Matlamat utama kajian ini adalah untuk menilai tahap kepuasaan pesakit dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kepuasaan pesakit terhadap klinik pra-anestetik. Sejumlah 304 orang pesakit yang menghadiri klinik pra-anestetik telah terlibat dalam kajian ini. Kajian kepuasaan selidik dwibahasa (Bahasa Inggeris dan Bahasa Melayu) dengan berjumlah 18 soalan menguji faktor-faktor bukan penyedia (kemudahan klinik, kesesuaian masa menunggu) dan faktor-faktor penyedia (perkhidmatan doktor, pegawai kaunter, jururawat dan kakitangan sokongan) telah dikaji. Kajian kepuasaan selidik menggunakan format skala Likert lima mata skor sangat setuju/tidak setuju telah digunakan untuk menilai tahap kepuasaan pesakit. Secara keseluruhan, peratusan kepuasaan pesakit terhadap penilaian pra-anestetik dilaporkan sebagai 98.7% dengan skor purata untuk perkhidmatan doktor (4.49 + 0.60), pegawai kaunter (4.48 + 0.61), kakitangan sokongan (4.47 + 0.62), kemudahan klinik dan kesesuaian masa menunggu (4.40 + 0.62). Semua faktor-faktor yang dikaji menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan (p

Matched MeSH terms: Bivalvia
Fulltext Challenges of anti-smoking campaign in Malaysia from the healthcare provider perspective

Mohamad Helmy, J., Normalina, A., Afzan, M.Y., Muhammad Lokman, M.I.

Medicine & Health, 2020;15(1):119-128.
MyJurnal

Kajian ini menemui faktor-faktor cabaran kempen anti-merokok dari perspektif petugas kesihatan di Kuantan. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk menerokai cabaran kempen anti-merokok daripada pandangan petugas kesihatan, kesedaran tentang kewujudan Klinik Berhenti Merokok dan cara untuk menambah baik kempen antimerokok. Kajian ini adalah penting untuk membantu pihak berkuasa Malaysia untuk membangunkan strategi yang lebih baik dalam mempromosikan kempen anti-merokok pada masa akan datang. Persampelan “purposive” digunakan dalam pengumpulan data dan wawancara separa berstruktur telah dilakukan di kalangan lima petugas kesihatan dari tiga Klinik Berhenti Merokok yang terpilih. Kajian ini mendapati petugas kesihatan berpendapat bahawa perokok yang menerima rawatan dari Pusat Kesihatan mempunya pemahaman yang rendah mengenai tatacara piawai (SOP) dalam pemberhentian merokok, komitmen yang rendah dan senang dipengaruhi oleh masyarakat. Petugas kesihatan juga berpendapat tugas pelbagai disiplin menyebabkan tumpuan yang rendah terhadap pesakit yang merokok. Di samping itu, responden merasakan bahawa kewujudan Klinik Berhenti Merokok perlu diperluaskan penghebahannya kepada komuniti. Melalui penemuan ini, beberapa strategi dicadangkan untuk menambah baik pendekatan semasa dalam pengurangan bilangan perokok di Malaysia seperti penambahbaikan penghebahan kepada orang ramai, meningkatkan penguatkuasaan undang-undang serta menyediakan insentif.

Matched MeSH terms: Bivalvia
Fulltext A qualitative study: the perception on antismoking campaign among smokers in Kuantan

Muhammad Lokman, M.I., Normalina, A., Afzan, M.Y., Mohamad Helmy, J.

Medicine & Health, 2020;15(1):129-140.
MyJurnal

Tabiat merokok adalah perilaku yang tidak sihat malah membahayakan bukan sahaja diri sendiri malahan masyarakat sekeliling. Walaupun terdapat banyak kempen anti-merokok telah diperkenalkan oleh kerajaan, namun keberkesanannya masih di tahap rendah. Oleh itu objektif kajian ini adalah untuk meneroka faktor utama kegagalan kempen anti-merokok di Malaysia, meneroka keberkesanan “Klinik Berhenti Merokok” dan menemui penyelesaian terbaik untuk memastikan kempen yang dijalankan berkesan pada masa akan datang. Ini adalah kajian rentas kualitatif di mana temuduga dijalankan di kalangan lima sukarela responden yang terdiri dari perokok dan bekas perokok di kawasan awam dan tiga klinik berhenti merokok yang terpilih. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis bertema. Kajian ini mendapati beberapa faktor penyumbang dari perspektif perokok dan pihak berkuasa perlu diberi keutamaan untuk penambahbaikan iaitu kurang kreativiti yang minimum dalam menguruskan promosi anti-merokok, kurang kreatitivi dah terhadap kesihatan, permintaan bahan pencetus semangat di tempat kerja, dan dalam pengurusan tekanan yang lemah. Hasil kajian mengesyorkan bahawa kempen bermula di sekolah rendah dan menengah, improvisasi tanda amaran penyakit, meluaskan kawasan promosi, memberi ganjaran semasa kempen dan perokok perlu mengambil inisiatif melibatkan diri dalam program ini. Kerajaan perlu menumpukan perhatian kepada program pencegahan merokok terlebih dahulu, daripada program intervensi berhenti merokok yang mungkin melibatkan kos kewangan yang tinggi.

Matched MeSH terms: Bivalvia
Fulltext Written asthma action plan in emergency department improves knowledge and asthma control among adult acute asthma patients

Shamsuriani, M.J., Norhidayah, M.S.

Medicine & Health, 2020;15(1):218-224.
MyJurnal

Pengurusan kendiri asma menggunakan pelan tindakan asma secara bertulis (WAAP) penting dalam memastikan pengurusan asma yang berkesan kerana ia mengurangkan kadar kehadiran ke hospital. Kajian ini menilai peningkatan pengetahuan dan kawalan asma menggunakan WAAP di kalangan pesakit asma di Jabatan Kecemasan. Kajian cubaan kawalan rawak ini dijalankan selama 19 bulan di Jabatan Perubatan Kecemasan sebuah hospital universiti. Kajian ini melibatkan pesakit dewasa serangan asma ringan dan sederhana. Pesakit dibahagikan secara rawak kepada dua kumpulan iaitu kumpulan intervensi dan kawalan. Soal selidik pengetahuan penyakit asma diberikan pada pesakit. Pesakit dari kedua kumpulan menerima kaunseling tentang penyakit asma berdasarkan risalah asma yang telah disediakan. Kumpulan intervensi, kemudiannya menerima kaunseling WAAP mengikut keperluan individu tersebut. Kumpulan kawalan menerima kaunseling lisan berdasarkan perawatan. Susulan kajian dijalankan pada 1 dan 3 bulan. Pengetahuan penyakit asma dan kawalan penyakit asma dinilai melalui tinjauan telefon. Lima puluh pesakit telah dibahagikan secara rawak kepada kumpulan intervensi dan kawalan. Setiap kumpulan menerima 25 pesakit. Skor pengetahuan kumpulan intervensi jauh lebih tinggi daripada kawalan (16.88+0.44 vs 13.36+3.72; p19) pada 1 bulan berbanding kumpulan kawalan (20.64+3.26 vs 17.72+4.17). Kedua-dua kumpulan mencapai kawalan yang baik pada 3 bulan. Pengurusan kendiri asma dengan menggunakan WAAP di Jabatan Kecemasan meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kawalan asma di kalangan pesakit yang mendapat serangan asma ringan dan sederhana.

Matched MeSH terms: Bivalvia

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