Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 101 in total

Abstract:
Sort:
  1. YAP JAA YEE, AMIZA MAT AMIN
    MyJurnal
    This study aimed to determine the physicochemical properties of undulated surf clam (Paphia undulata) hydrolysate as affected by the degree of hydrolysis (DH). Three levels of DH of undulated surf clam hydrolysate were prepared which were DH 36.57% (without any enzymatic hydrolysis), DH 58.25% (0.5% Alcalase®; 5 min; pH 7.5; 60ºC) and DH 91.26% (1% Alcalase®; 30 min; pH 7.5; 60ºC). After protein hydrolysis, the undulated surf clam hydrolysates were centrifuged, and their supernatants were freeze-dried. This study found that the protein hydrolysate with lower DH (DH 36.57%) gave lower protein content and higher ash and fat contents compared to other samples (DH 58.25% and DH 91.26%). However, the carbohydrate content is similar in all samples (16.56-20.04%). This study also found that foaming properties (29.43-67.50%), emulsifying capacity (11.94-110.52%) and peptide solubility (57.61-94.08%) were affected by the DH. As DH increased, the emulsifying capacity decreased, while peptide solubility increased. While the foaming capacity increased with increasing DH until it reached a maximum value and level off afterwards. For colour parameters, although there were differences between L*, a* and b* values for all three samples, a fluctuating pattern was noted with DH. DH also did not affect the water-holding and oil-holding capacity of undulated surf clam hydrolysate. This study shows that certain physicochemical properties of undulated surf clam hydrolysate can be tailored by adjusting the degree of hydrolysis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bivalvia
  2. Shamsuriani, M.J., Norhidayah, M.S.
    Medicine & Health, 2020;15(1):218-224.
    MyJurnal
    Pengurusan kendiri asma menggunakan pelan tindakan asma secara bertulis (WAAP) penting dalam memastikan pengurusan asma yang berkesan kerana ia mengurangkan kadar kehadiran ke hospital. Kajian ini menilai peningkatan pengetahuan dan kawalan asma menggunakan WAAP di kalangan pesakit asma di Jabatan Kecemasan. Kajian cubaan kawalan rawak ini dijalankan selama 19 bulan di Jabatan Perubatan Kecemasan sebuah hospital universiti. Kajian ini melibatkan pesakit dewasa serangan asma ringan dan sederhana. Pesakit dibahagikan secara rawak kepada dua kumpulan iaitu kumpulan intervensi dan kawalan. Soal selidik pengetahuan penyakit asma diberikan pada pesakit. Pesakit dari kedua kumpulan menerima kaunseling tentang penyakit asma berdasarkan risalah asma yang telah disediakan. Kumpulan intervensi, kemudiannya menerima kaunseling WAAP mengikut keperluan individu tersebut. Kumpulan kawalan menerima kaunseling lisan berdasarkan perawatan. Susulan kajian dijalankan pada 1 dan 3 bulan. Pengetahuan penyakit asma dan kawalan penyakit asma dinilai melalui tinjauan telefon. Lima puluh pesakit telah dibahagikan secara rawak kepada kumpulan intervensi dan kawalan. Setiap kumpulan menerima 25 pesakit. Skor pengetahuan kumpulan intervensi jauh lebih tinggi daripada kawalan (16.88+0.44 vs 13.36+3.72; p19) pada 1 bulan berbanding kumpulan kawalan (20.64+3.26 vs 17.72+4.17). Kedua-dua kumpulan mencapai kawalan yang baik pada 3 bulan. Pengurusan kendiri asma dengan menggunakan WAAP di Jabatan Kecemasan meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kawalan asma di kalangan pesakit yang mendapat serangan asma ringan dan sederhana.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bivalvia
  3. Hamizah, M.S., Norhayati, M.N., Nor Azlina, A.R., Wan Shukri, W.S., Abdulah, H.
    MyJurnal
    Penyakit tifoid adalah penyakit berjangkit bawaan air dan makanan yang disebabkan oleh Salmonella typhii. Penyakit ini berlaku di seluruh durtia dan endemik di Kelantan. Pada April 2005, terdapat peningkatan kes tifoid yang dinotifikasi di daerah Bachok dan wabak telah diistiharkan. Pasukan siasatan telah dibentuk di mana setiap kes telahydisiasat dengan segera dan tindakan kawalan telah diambil seperti pemeriksaan dan penutupan premis makanan, kerja-kerja sanitasi dan pendidikan kesihatan. Pengesanan kes secara aktifjuga telah dilakukan. Mukim Gunong mencatatkan jumlah kes tertinggi iaitu 46.3%. Majoriti daripada kes terdiri daripadapelajar. Dua pembawa dari kalangan kontek juga turut dikesan. Lekuk epidemik menggambarkan berlakunya wabak purtca lazim. Lima daripada 1 1 1 bilangan sampel air dan dua daripada 146 bilangan sampel makanart yang diperiksa adalah positif terhadap Salmonella species tetapi tiada yang positif terhadap Salmonella typhii. Meskipun Pasar Jelawat merupakan lokasi yang disyakki sebagai punca utama jangkitan, ianya tidak dapat disahkan melalui penyiasatan dan ujan makmal.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bivalvia
  4. Jalil AA, Triwahyono S, Yaakob MR, Azmi ZZ, Sapawe N, Kamarudin NH, et al.
    Bioresour Technol, 2012 Sep;120:218-24.
    PMID: 22820110 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.06.066
    In this work, two low-cost wastes, bivalve shell (BS) and Zea mays L. husk leaf (ZHL), were investigated to adsorb malachite green (MG) from aqueous solutions. The ZHL was treated with calcined BS to give the BS-ZHL, and its ability to adsorb MG was compared with untreated ZHL, calcined BS and Ca(OH)(2)-treated ZHL under several different conditions: pH (2-8), adsorbent dosage (0.25-2.5 g L(-1)), contact time (10-30 min), initial MG concentration (10-200 mg L(-1)) and temperature (303-323 K). The equilibrium studies indicated that the experimental data were in agreement with the Langmuir isotherm model. The use of 2.5 g L(-1) BS-ZHL resulted in the nearly complete removal of 200 mg L(-1) of MG with a maximum adsorption capacity of 81.5 mg g(-1) after 30 min of contact time at pH 6 and 323 K. The results indicated that the BS-ZHL can be used to effectively remove MG from aqueous media.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bivalvia/anatomy & histology*
  5. Abdul Keyon AS, Guijt RM, Bolch CJ, Breadmore MC
    J Chromatogr A, 2014 Oct 17;1364:295-302.
    PMID: 25223612 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.08.074
    The accumulation of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) in contaminated shellfish is a serious health risk making early detection important to improve shellfish safety and biotoxin management. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) has been proven as a high resolution separation technique compatible with miniaturization, making it an attractive choice in the development of portable instrumentation for early, on-site detection of PSTs. In this work, capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detector (C(4)D) and UV detection were examined with counter-flow transient isotachophoresis (tITP) to improve the sensitivity and deal with the high conductivity sample matrix. The high sodium concentration in the sample was used as the leading ion while l-alanine was used as the terminating electrolyte (TE) and background electrolyte (BGE) in which the toxins were separated. Careful optimization of the injected sample volume and duration of the counter-flow resulted in limit of detections (LODs) ranging from 74.2 to 1020 ng/mL for tITP-CZE-C(4)D and 141 to 461 ng/mL for tITP-CZE-UV, an 8-97 fold reduction compared to conventional CZE. The LODs were adequate for the analysis of PSTs in shellfish samples close to the regulatory limit. Intra-day and inter-day repeatability values (percentage relative standard deviation, n=3) of tITP-CZE-C(4)D and tITP-CZE-UV methods for both migration time and peak height were in the range of 0.82-11% and 0.76-10%, respectively. The developed method was applied to the analysis of a contaminated mussel sample and validated against an Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC)-approved method for PSTs analysis by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection (FLD) after pre-column oxidation of the sample. The method presented has potential for incorporation in to field-deployable devices for the early detection of PSTs on-site.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bivalvia/chemistry*
  6. Yap CK, Ismail A, Omar H, Tan SG
    Environ Int, 2004 Feb;29(8):1097-104.
    PMID: 14680893
    Studies on toxicities and tolerances of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in the brown alga Isochrysis galbana and in the green-lipped mussel Perna viridis were conducted by short-term bioassays using endpoints growth production and mortality, respectively. The 5-day EC(50) and 24-h LC(50) of these heavy metals were determined in the brown alga and mussel, respectively. The EC(50) values calculated for the alga were 0.74 mg/l for Cd, 0.91 mg/l for Cu, 1.40 mg/l for Pb and 0.60 mg/l for Zn. The LC(50) values for the mussels were 1.53 mg/l for Cd, 0.25 mg/l for Cu, 4.12 mg/l for Pb and 3.20 mg/l for Zn. These LC(50) values were within the concentration ranges as reported by other authors who used P. viridis as the test organism. Based on these EC(50) and LC(50) values, the alga was most sensitive to Zn, followed by Cd, Cu and Pb while the mussel was most sensitive to Cu, followed by Cd, Zn and Pb. Differences in the trophic levels, metal handling strategies, biology and ecology of the primary producer (brown alga) and the primary consumer (mussel) are believed to be the plausible causes for the different toxicities and tolerances of the metals studied.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bivalvia/physiology*
  7. Srie Rahayu SY, Aminingsih T, Fudholi A
    J Trace Elem Med Biol, 2022 May;71:126963.
    PMID: 35231878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.126963
    BACKGROUND AND AIM: Freshwater clam shells nanoparticles powder is one of the uses of freshwater clams that can manufacture instant granular mineral supplements. This product can be used as a supplement to detoxify heavy metal toxins, such as Mercury. Mercury is an element that is detectable in all environmental media. Adults and children receive the most Mercury from food, air, and water intake. The majority of Mercury in the environment comes from the waste from mining activities and the metal industry. Mercury was found widely in the biosphere and is known as a dangerous hepatotoxicant. This study aimed to describe the hepatoprotective role of nano minerals (Ca, Mg, and Zn) produced from freshwater clam shells against mercury acetate poisoning in mice.

    MATERIAL AND METHODS: The mice were divided randomly into a control group (aqua bidest and mercury acetate) and an experimental group for this purpose. The experimental mice group was given orally nano Ca supplementation in three dose groups (9 mg, 18 mg, and 27 mg/200 g animal body weight) once a day for 21 consecutive days. The mice are then given mercury acetate (1300 µg/200 g animal body weight intraperitoneally) on the 21st day. One hour after giving the nano Ca supplement, the mice's blood was taken. Liver and kidney were autopsied two days later to check quantitative and qualitative changes caused by mercury concentrations in liver and kidney histopathologies.

    RESULTS: The results demonstrated the importance of nano Ca supplementation before mercury acetate induction, which has been shown to reduce necrotic depletion and hepatocyte degeneration.

    CONCLUSION: Nano Ca supplementation has decreased the concentration of Hg in the blood of mice so that it can be used as a potential health supplement to detoxify mercury toxins.

    Matched MeSH terms: Bivalvia*
  8. Froufe E, Gan HM, Lee YP, Carneiro J, Varandas S, Teixeira A, et al.
    PMID: 27158872 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2015.1074223
    Freshwater mussels of the family Unionidae exhibit a particular form of mitochondria inheritance called double uniparental inheritance (DUI), in which the mitochondria are inherited by both male and female parents. The (M)ale and (F)emale mitogenomes are highly divergent within species. In the present study, we determine and describe the complete M and F mitogenomes of the Endangered freshwater mussel Potomida littoralis (Cuvier, 1798). The complete M and F mitogenomes sequences are 16 451 bp and 15 787 bp in length, respectively. Both F and M have the same gene content: 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA (trn) and 2 ribosomal RNA (rrn) genes. Bayesian analyses based on the concatenated nucleotide sequences of 12 PCGs and 2 rrn genes of both genomes, including mitogenome sequences available from related species, were performed. Male and Female lineages are monophyletic within the family, but reveal distinct phylogenetic relationships.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bivalvia/genetics*
  9. Costello C, Cao L, Gelcich S, Cisneros-Mata MÁ, Free CM, Froehlich HE, et al.
    Nature, 2020 12;588(7836):95-100.
    PMID: 32814903 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2616-y
    Global food demand is rising, and serious questions remain about whether supply can increase sustainably1. Land-based expansion is possible but may exacerbate climate change and biodiversity loss, and compromise the delivery of other ecosystem services2-6. As food from the sea represents only 17% of the current production of edible meat, we ask how much food we can expect the ocean to sustainably produce by 2050. Here we examine the main food-producing sectors in the ocean-wild fisheries, finfish mariculture and bivalve mariculture-to estimate 'sustainable supply curves' that account for ecological, economic, regulatory and technological constraints. We overlay these supply curves with demand scenarios to estimate future seafood production. We find that under our estimated demand shifts and supply scenarios (which account for policy reform and technology improvements), edible food from the sea could increase by 21-44 million tonnes by 2050, a 36-74% increase compared to current yields. This represents 12-25% of the estimated increase in all meat needed to feed 9.8 billion people by 2050. Increases in all three sectors are likely, but are most pronounced for mariculture. Whether these production potentials are realized sustainably will depend on factors such as policy reforms, technological innovation and the extent of future shifts in demand.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bivalvia
  10. Akyil S, Yusof AM
    J Hazard Mater, 2007 Jun 1;144(1-2):564-9.
    PMID: 17141412
    Concentrations of uranium and thorium in seawater, sediment and some marine species taken from along the coastal areas of Malaysia were determined spectrophotometrically. The uranium and thorium concentrations in seawater were found to vary ranging from 1.80 to 4.1 and 0.14 to 0.88 microg/L, respectively. The concentration of uranium in sediment samples was reported to range from 3.00 to 6.60 microg/g while those of thorium were slightly lower ranging from 0.01 to 0.68 microg/g. The uptake of uranium and thorium in marine species was found to be rather low. Similar variations in total alpha activities in samples were also observed with the total alpha activities relatively lower than the beta activities in most samples.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bivalvia/metabolism*
  11. Gan HM, Tan MH, Thai BT, Austin CM
    PMID: 24617474 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2014.892104
    The complete mitochondrial genome of the commercially important snout otter clam Lutraria rhynchaena was obtained from low-coverage shotgun sequencing data on the MiSeq platform. The L. rhynchaena mitogenome has 16,927 base pairs (69% A + T content) and made up of 12 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal subunit genes, 22 transfer RNAs, and a 953 bp non-coding AT-rich region. This is the first mitogenome to be sequenced from the genus Lutraria, and the seventh to be reported for the family Mactridae.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bivalvia/genetics*
  12. Gan HM, Gan HY, Tan MH, Penny SS, Willan RC, Austin CM
    PMID: 25648928 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2015.1007355
    The complete mitochondrial genome of the commercially and ecologically important and internationally vulnerable giant clam Tridacna squamosa was recovered by genome skimming using the MiSeq platform. The T. squamosa mitogenome has 20,930 base pairs (62.35% A+T content) and is made up of 12 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal subunit genes, 24 transfer RNAs, and a 2594 bp non-coding AT-rich region. The mitogenome has a relatively large insertion in the atp6 gene. This is the first mitogenome to be sequenced from the genus Tridacna, and the family Tridacnidae and represents a new gene order.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bivalvia/classification*; Bivalvia/genetics*
  13. Nur Aqilah Muhamad Darif, Nur Shakila Abdul Samad, Sazlina Salleh, Mahadi Mohammad, Noor Alia Ahmad Nordin, Aysha Mariam Mohamed Javeed, et al.
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2016;27(11):71-77.
    MyJurnal
    Benthic faunal communities are important components in the intertidal zones.
    The diversity and abundance of the benthic communities are subjected to different natural
    and anthropogenic disturbances. The study was conducted as one off sampling on 6th
    November 2013 (1) to investigate the abundance and distribution of soft sediment
    communities in relation to environmental variables and (2) investigate the changes of
    population structure and diversity using spatial scales of 1 m, 10 m, and 100 m. Results
    indicated a total of 110 individuals of macrobenthos consisting of 7 different groups
    (Annelida, Bivalvia, Crustacea, Gastropoda, Nematoda, Nemertea, Polychaeta) and 4
    different groups of meiobenthos (Copepoda, Nematoda, Ostracoda, Polychaeta)
    consisting 920 individuals were recorded. Dissolved oxygen played the most significant
    role in affecting the distribution of soft sediment communities while ammonia
    concentrations only affected marcobenthic organisms. However, sediment grain size did
    not show significant correlation (p>0.05) on soft sediment communities. Hence,
    understanding how different properties of benthos respond to changes in environmental
    variables is crucial in determining how the impacts on the sediment are tolerated by the
    benthic organisms.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bivalvia
  14. Gomes-Dos-Santos A, Lopes-Lima M, Machado AM, Marcos Ramos A, Usié A, Bolotov IN, et al.
    DNA Res, 2021 May 02;28(2).
    PMID: 33755103 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsab002
    Since historical times, the inherent human fascination with pearls turned the freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) into a highly valuable cultural and economic resource. Although pearl harvesting in M. margaritifera is nowadays residual, other human threats have aggravated the species conservation status, especially in Europe. This mussel presents a myriad of rare biological features, e.g. high longevity coupled with low senescence and Doubly Uniparental Inheritance of mitochondrial DNA, for which the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly known. Here, the first draft genome assembly of M. margaritifera was produced using a combination of Illumina Paired-end and Mate-pair approaches. The genome assembly was 2.4 Gb long, possessing 105,185 scaffolds and a scaffold N50 length of 288,726 bp. The ab initio gene prediction allowed the identification of 35,119 protein-coding genes. This genome represents an essential resource for studying this species' unique biological and evolutionary features and ultimately will help to develop new tools to promote its conservation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bivalvia/genetics*
  15. Mohamad Hanif Kamal Roslan, Che Aziz Ali, Mohd Shafeea Leman, Kamal Roslan Mohamed
    Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:2359-2365.
    Formasi Singa yang tersingkap di Kepulauan Langkawi terdiri daripada jujukan batuan sedimen argilit dan boleh dibahagikan kepada empat ahli iaitu Rebak, Kentut, Ular dan Selang. Formasi Singa kaya dengan fosil terutamanya daripada jenis brakiopod, bryozoa dan bivalvia yang boleh ditemui dalam Ahli Rebak dan Ahli Selang. Fosil yang ditemui semasa kajian dijalankan serta fosil yang pernah dilaporkan oleh penyelidik terdahulu telah dibuat penelitian semula untuk menentukan usia Formasi Singa dengan lebih tepat. Himpunan fosil Formasi Singa boleh dibahagikan kepada tiga julat usia, iaitu Visean, Asselian Akhir - Sakmarian Awal dan Sakmarian Akhir. Jujukan berusia Visean diwakili oleh Ahli Rebak, manakala jujukan Asselian Akhir - Sakmarian Awal dan jujukan Sakmarian Akhir diwakili oleh Ahli Selang. Dalam Ahli Ular dan Ahli Kentut tidak ditemui sebarang fosil. Keputusan daripada kertas ini memerlukan satu kajian semula dijalankan terhadap litostratigrafi Formasi Singa.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bivalvia
  16. Ang CW, Mazlin NM, Heng LY, Ismail BS, Salmijah S
    Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 2005 Jul;75(1):170-4.
    PMID: 16228889
    Matched MeSH terms: Bivalvia/chemistry*
  17. Siti Aisyah Shamsudin, Jenniver Junas
    Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:2841-2849.
    Pengimejan tradisi mempunyai banyak kekurangan seperti mempunyai jangka hayat yang pendek serta bersaiz besar
    kerana sifat pendafluornya tidak tahan lama atau berlakunya pelunturanfoto. Melalui kajian ini, nanohablur kadmium
    sulfida dihasilkan dan berfungsi sebagai pengimejan titik kuantum yang sesuai dengan sifat optiknya yang pelbagai
    mengikut saiz zarahnya. Sifat optik titik kuantum kadmium sulfida (TK CdS) boleh dipengaruhi oleh saiz dan juga
    komposisi kimia TK seperti perubahan pH. Dalam kajian ini, sifat optik TK CdS dikaji terhadap perubahan nilai pH
    dengan menghasilkan TK CdS melalui kaedah koloidal. Kadmium asetat dihidrat (C4
    H6
    CdO4
    .2H2
    O) dan natrium sulfida
    (Na2
    S) digunakan sebagai sebagai bahan pemula bagi menghasilkan TK CdS. Nilai pH diubah suai dengan menitiskan
    natrium hidroksida (NaOH) ke dalam larutan TK CdS. Lima jenis larutan disediakan iaitu pada nilai pH5, pH7, pH8,
    pH9 dan pH10. Masalah penggumpalan sering berlaku semasa proses sintesis CdS. Oleh itu, kajian ini menggunakan
    asid tioglikolik (HSCH2
    CO2
    H) sebagai agen penstabil kepada TK CdS. Spektra keserapan UV memberi anjakan biru
    apabila TK CdS pada pH alkali kerana saiz nanohablur mengecil. Hasil daripada spektroskopi pendarfluor mendapati
    larutan yang mempunyai nilai pH8 memberi puncak yang tertinggi. Hal ini adalah kerana pada pH ini nanohablur
    mampu berubah pada posisi yang tepat dan membentuk TK CdS pada kehabluran yang tinggi. Oleh itu, mekanisme ini
    dapat membentuk perangkap lubang dan seterusnya eksiton terbentuk.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bivalvia
  18. Malcolm TTH, Chang WS, Loo YY, Cheah YK, Radzi CWJWM, Kantilal HK, et al.
    Int J Food Microbiol, 2018 Nov 02;284:112-119.
    PMID: 30142576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.08.012
    Kitchen mishandling practices contribute to a large number of foodborne illnesses. In this study, the transfer and cross-contamination potential of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from bloody clams to ready-to-eat food (lettuce) was assessed. Three scenarios were investigated: 1) direct cross-contamination, the transfer of V. parahaemolyticus from bloody clams to non-food contact surfaces (hands and kitchen utensils) to lettuce (via slicing), was evaluated; 2) perfunctory decontamination, the efficacy of two superficial cleaning treatments: a) rinsing in a pail of water, and b) wiping with a kitchen towel, were determined; and 3) secondary cross-contamination, the microbial transfer from cleaning residuals (wash water or stained kitchen towel) to lettuce was assessed. The mean of percent transfer rates through direct contact was 3.6%, and an average of 3.5% of total V. parahaemolyticus was recovered from sliced lettuce. The attempted treatments reduced the transferred population by 99.0% (rinsing) and 94.5% (wiping), and the relative amount of V. parahaemolyticus on sliced lettuce was reduced to 0.008%. V. parahaemolyticus exposure via secondary cross-contamination was marginal. The relative amount of V. parahaemolyticus recovered from washed lettuce was 0.07%, and the transfers from stained kitchen towel to lettuce were insubstantial. Our study highlights that V. parahaemolyticus was readily spread in the kitchen, potentially through sharing of non-food contact surfaces. Results from this study can be used to better understand and potentially raising the awareness of proper handling practices to avert the spread of foodborne pathogens.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bivalvia/microbiology
Filters
Contact Us

Please provide feedback to Administrator (afdal@afpm.org.my)

External Links