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  1. Fulltext A Novel Malaria Pf/Pv Ab Rapid Diagnostic Test Using a Differential Diagnostic Marker Identified by Network Biology
    Cho SJ, Lee J, Lee HJ, Jo HY, Sinniah M, Kim HY, et al.
    Int J Biol Sci, 2016;12(7):824-35.
    PMID: 27313496 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.14408
    Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) can detect anti-malaria antibodies in human blood. As they can detect parasite infection at the low parasite density, they are useful in endemic areas where light infection and/or re-infection of parasites are common. Thus, malaria antibody tests can be used for screening bloods in blood banks to prevent transfusion-transmitted malaria (TTM), an emerging problem in malaria endemic areas. However, only a few malaria antibody tests are available in the microwell-based assay format and these are not suitable for field application. A novel malaria antibody (Ab)-based RDT using a differential diagnostic marker for falciparum and vivax malaria was developed as a suitable high-throughput assay that is sensitive and practical for blood screening. The marker, merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1) was discovered by generation of a Plasmodium-specific network and the hierarchical organization of modularity in the network. Clinical evaluation revealed that the novel Malaria Pf/Pv Ab RDT shows improved sensitivity (98%) and specificity (99.7%) compared with the performance of a commercial kit, SD BioLine Malaria P.f/P.v (95.1% sensitivity and 99.1% specificity). The novel Malaria Pf/Pv Ab RDT has potential for use as a cost-effective blood-screening tool for malaria and in turn, reduces TTM risk in endemic areas.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Transfusion/adverse effects
  2. A case of ectopic triplets
    Vine LE
    Journal of the Malaya Branch of the British Medical Association, 1941;5:56-7.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Transfusion, Autologous
  3. Fulltext A case study: wrong patient; wrong blood transfusion:is there a theory – practice – ethics gap?
    Manfred Mortell
    The Malaysian Journal of Nursing, 2019;10(3):22-28.
    MyJurnal
    This case study illustrates an ongoing therapeutic dilemma which continues to place the patient's welfare at risk. The safety predicament is associated with the transfusion of blood or their products to the correct patient. Predictably, healthcare scholars declare that when clinical practice is ineffective, a “theory-practice gap” is typically responsible. Within this paradigm there is often a gap between theoretical knowledge and its application in clinical practice. Most of the evidence relating to the non-integration of theory and practice makes the premise that environmental factors will influence learning and practice outcomes, hence the "gap". However, it is the author's belief, that to "bridge the gap" between theory and practice an additional component called “Ethics” must be appreciated. This introduces a new concept “theory-practice-ethics gap” which must be considered when reviewing some of the unacceptable appalling outcomes in health care practice
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Transfusion
  4. A commentary on molecular basis of transfusion dependent beta-thalassemia major patients in Sabah
    Setianingsih I
    J Hum Genet, 2014 Apr;59(4):173.
    PMID: 24500683 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2013.142
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Transfusion*
  5. Fulltext A cross-sectional survey of knowledge and attitude towards HIV/AIDS patients among nursing students in teaching hospital
    Hamidah Othman, Noor Azizah Mohd Ali
    The Malaysian Journal of Nursing, 2017;8(3):27-34.
    MyJurnal
    HIV/AIDS is a matter of concern and has become a pandemic disease that threatens the world population. It
    has remained one of the priorities in global public health challenges. Caring for people with HIV/AIDS
    requires clinical expertise as well as high-quality skills for health care providers. The purpose of the study was
    to examine knowledge and attitude on HIV/AIDS patients among nursing students. A cross-sectional study
    was conducted in Public University at Wast Cost Malaysia. The 126 respondents of nursing students agreed to
    participate in the study using a self-administered questionnaire that was designed and modied after reading
    and referring to articles, books, and journals. The results of the research revealed that nursing students, in
    general, have a satisfactory knowledge (mean score 30.71), but had a moderate attitude toward HIV/AIDS
    patient with total mean score 2.34. Most of the students (89.3%) get the knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS
    through the internet. The majority of the students knew that blood transfusion (99.4%) and sharing
    needles/syringe (99%) were the higher sources HIV/AIDS modes of transmission. Most of the students agreed
    that peoples with HIV/AIDS should be treated in society with support from the community (97.0%). Although
    the knowledge level of nursing students seems to be satisfactory, but they still showed the moderate attitude
    towards HIV/AIDS patients. Thus, structured education programmes should be conducted by nursing faculty
    to ensure that nursing students gain the necessary accurate knowledge and an appropriate attitude towards the
    care of HIV/AIDS patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Transfusion
  6. Fulltext A novel gap-PCR with high resolution melting analysis for the detection of α-thalassaemia Southeast Asian and Filipino β°-thalassaemia deletion
    Kho SL, Chua KH, George E, Tan JA
    Sci Rep, 2015;5:13937.
    PMID: 26365497 DOI: 10.1038/srep13937
    Homozygosity for the α-thalassaemia Southeast Asian (α-SEA) and Filipino β°-thalassaemia (β-FIL) deletions can cause serious complications leading to foetal death or life-long blood transfusions. A rapid and accurate molecular detection assay is essential in populations where the deletions are common. In this study, gap-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with high resolution melting (HRM) analysis was developed to detect both the large deletions. Melting curves at 86.9 ± 0.1 °C were generated by normal individuals without the α-SEA deletion, 84.7 ± 0.1 °C by homozygous α-SEA deletion individuals and two melting curves at 84.7 ± 0.1 °C and 86.9 ± 0.1 °C by α-SEA deletion carriers. Normal individuals without the β-FIL deletion produce amplicons with a melting temperature (Tm) at 74.6 ± 0.1 °C, homozygous β-FIL individuals produce amplicons with Tm at 73.6 ± 0.1 °C and heterozygous β-FIL individuals generate two amplicons with Tm at 73.6 ± 0.1 °C and 74.6 ± 0.1 °C. Evaluation using blinded tests on 220 DNA samples showed 100% sensitivity and specificity. The developed assays are sensitive and specific for rapid molecular and prenatal diagnosis for the α-SEA and β-FIL deletions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Transfusion
  7. Fulltext A plea for a truly national blood transfusion service
    Sreenevasan GA
    Med J Malaysia, 1985 Mar;40(1):1-2.
    PMID: 3831726
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Transfusion*
  8. Fulltext A preliminary study of possible prognostic factors of traumatic liver injury seen at University Hospital, 1984-1991
    Sim PH, Razack AH, Jalleh RP
    Med J Malaysia, 1995 Dec;50(4):346-52.
    PMID: 8668055
    A retrospective study was carried out on 42 patients (38 males, 4 females, mean age 25.9) with liver injury at the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur from 1994 through to 1991. Prognostic factors that might help to identify those patient survival was related to pulse rate on arrival ( < or = 120 beats per minute, p = 0.027), systolic blood pressure at induction of anaesthesia ( > or = to 80 mmHg, p = 0.003) and intraoperative blood transfusion of < or = to 4 units (p = 0.05). This data were supported by the 95% confidence interval suggesting that these factors may be strong prognostic indicators individually. Increased mortality was also associated with increased total blood transfused (p = 0.002) and grade of liver injury (p = 0.02). Although the factors we have identified reflect both the severity of injury and resuscitative and surgical efforts, further studies using a prospective design are required to confirm these findings.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Transfusion
  9. Fulltext A prospective study on the use of leucocyte-filters in reducing blood transfusion reactions in multi-transfused thalassemic children
    Tan KK, Lee WS, Liaw LC, Oh A
    Singapore Med J, 1993 Apr;34(2):109-11.
    PMID: 8266145
    Two hundred and eleven blood transfusions were administered to 26 multi-transfused thalassemic children (aged 9 months-13 years) over a 6-month period. Eighteen children were receiving buffy coat-poor packed red cells (PRC) prepared by centrifuge while 8 children received filtered blood through a leucocyte-filter (Sepacell R-500A). Transfusion reactions occurred in 8.5% (n = 18) of transfusions and in 42.3% (n = 11) of patients. 11.9% (n = 16) and 2.6% (n = 2) of reactions occurred in 50% (n = 9) and 25% (n = 2) of patients receiving buffy coat-poor PRC and filtered blood respectively. Transfusion reactions in toto were significantly reduced in the group receiving filtered blood (p < 0.05). However, febrile reaction alone was not significantly reduced (p > 0.1). The median onset and duration of reaction were 2 hours (range 10 minutes-18 hours) and 4 hours (range 1/2-24 hours) respectively. 72.2% (n = 13) of the reactions occurred occurred during transfusion. 88.8% (n = 16) of the reactions caused only one symptom. 19.2% (n = 5) of all patients had recurrent reactions, all of them receiving buffy coat-poor PRC. The commonest clinical manifestation was fever (n = 7), followed by urticaria (n = 5) and petechial rash (n = 2). The outcome was good, with no patient experiencing symptoms exceeding 24 hours. Only 0.9% (n = 2) of the transfusions were discontinued.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Transfusion/adverse effects*; Blood Transfusion/methods
  10. Fulltext A retrospective review of 25 cases of lethal fetal anomalies
    Dalia, F.A., Hamizah, I., Zalina, N., Yong, S.L., Mokhtar, A.
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2016;15(1):19-23.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: To review the gestational age at diagnosis, method of diagnosis, pregnancy outcome and
    maternal complications of prenatally diagnosed lethal foetal anomalies. Methods: Retrospective review of 25
    women who had aborted or delivered foetuses with lethal anomalies in a tertiary hospital in 2011 based on
    patient medical records. Results: There were a total of 10,088 deliveries, in which 25 (0.24%) women were
    found to have conceived foetuses with lethal anomalies. All of them were diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound
    and only 7 (28.0%) had both prenatal ultrasound and genetic study done. The women’s mean age was 29.9
    years old. The mean gestational age at diagnosis of lethal foetal anomalies was 25.5 weeks (SD=12.5) and
    mean gestational age at termination of pregnancy (TOP) or delivery was 28.5 weeks (SD=12.5). Seven (28%)
    women had early counseling and TOP at the gestation of < 22 weeks. Beyond 22 weeks of gestation, eight
    (32%) women had TOP and ten (40%) women had spontaneous delivery. Twenty (80%) women delivered or
    aborted vaginally, three (12%) women with assisted breech delivery and two (8%) women with abdominal
    delivery which were performed due to transverse foetal lie in labour and a failed induction, leading to
    emergency hysterotomy complicated by hysterectomy due to intraoperative finding of ruptured uterus.
    Overall, the associated post-partum adverse events included post-partum haemorrhage (12%), retained
    placenta (12%), blood transfusion (8%), uterine rupture (4%) and endometritis (4%). Mean duration of hospital
    stay was 6.6 days (SD 3.7 days). Conclusion: Late diagnosis of lethal foetal anomalies leads to various
    maternal morbidities, in this case series , which could have been prevented if they were diagnosed and
    terminated at early trimester. A new direction is needed in our local practice.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Transfusion
  11. Fulltext A retrospective review of cryoprecipitate transfusion practice in Kuala Lumpur Hospital
    Iliassa II, Mohammad WM, Tan JJ, Ayob Y
    Asian J Transfus Sci, 2016 Jul-Dec;10(2):145-9.
    PMID: 27605853 DOI: 10.4103/0973-6247.187934
    BACKGROUND: Cryoprecipitate is generally used to treat bleeding patients with hypofibrinogenemia, and the transfusion decision is guided based on published guidelines.
    AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the practice appropriateness in accordance to cryoprecipitate transfusion guidelines in Hospital Kuala Lumpur.
    METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional study of 117 cryoprecipitates transfused adult patients was conducted in Kuala Lumpur Hospital from January to June 2012. The compliance of the indication of cryoprecipitate was considered as appropriate if indicated for patients who have hypofibrinogenemia (<1.0 g/L) with bleeding, or otherwise inappropriate if pretransfusion fibrinogen level was more than 1.0 g/L, pretransfusion fibrinogen level was not examined and posttransfusion fibrinogen level more than 1.5 g/L.
    RESULTS: Most of the cryoprecipitate prescriptions were found to be inappropriate, which read 81.2% (95% confidence interval = 0.740, 0.880). Patients who underwent neurovascular surgery were the major recipient of cryoprecipitate, but majority of the prescription was found not appropriate. The decision to transfuse cryoprecipitate was found mostly appropriate when was guided by fibrinogen (52.2%), but the percentage dropped to 10.6% when pretransfusion fibrinogen test was not performed. Regrettably, only 19.7% of total cryoprecipitate were given based on pretransfusion fibrinogen level.
    KEYWORDS: Appropriateness; bleeding; cryoprecipitate transfusion; guideline
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Transfusion
  12. Fulltext A review on development of blood substitute
    Mislia Othman, Muhammad Azrul Zabidi
    Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2020;18(2):59-71.
    MyJurnal
    This review paper aims to present an overview of the development of blood substitute particularly red blood cell substitute or artificial oxygen carrier. Knowledge on human blood inspired from the understanding of human blood circulation system. Ibn Nafis was first to describe that blood flow through respiratory system before entering the heart. This finding denied the claim that tiny pores present within the septum of the heart. Then, William Harvey further described human cardiovascular system in detail and contributed to better understanding on the roles of blood in body. Several blood transfusions were attempted using blood collected from human, animal and other blood substitutes such as milk before the practice was banned for almost 150 years in Europe. Major discoveries on blood group and antibody reaction have made blood transfusion safer. However, several issues and challenges have re-triggered the exploration to develop red cell substitutes. Two approaches have been taken to develop the red blood cell substitute which are classified into biological and chemical based oxygen carriers. The earliest efforts have been on haemoglobin based oxygen carrier (HBOC) and perfluorocarbon (PFC) while the recent developement are on polymer-based oxygen carrier and in-vitro stem cell derived red blood cell.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Transfusion
  13. A simple technique of intra-uterine transfusion of foetus in University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur
    Kwi NK, Hing NK
    Med J Malaysia, 1974 Jun;28(4):287-9.
    PMID: 4278824
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Transfusion, Intrauterine/methods*
  14. Fulltext A survey of hysterectomy patterns in Malaysia.
    Ravindran J, Kumaraguruparan M
    Med J Malaysia, 1998 Sep;53(3):263-71.
    PMID: 10968164
    A prospective cross-sectional study involving 14 government hospitals was undertaken for a period of 6 months in Malaysia to study the patterns of hysterectomy for gynaecological indications. A total of 707 patients were enrolled in the study consisting of 612 abdominal hysterectomies and 95 vaginal hysterectomies. Fibroids (47.6%) and uterovaginal prolapse (13.4%) formed the main indications for surgery. The initial preoperative diagnosis was accurate in 82.8% of cases. A different pathology from that initially suspected was noted in 118 cases. The overall complication rate was 7.9% but vaginal hysterectomies carried a statistically higher complication rate compared to abdominal hysterectomies. Urinary tract infection was significant in vaginal hysterectomies. Blood transfusion was required in 25.0% of abdominal and 6.3% of vaginal hysterectomies. There were no laparoscopic hysterectomies or mortality in this series.
    Comment in: Soh EB, Ng KB. A survey of hysterectomy patterns in Malaysia. Med J Malaysia. 1999 Mar;54(1):152-4; Teoh TG. Hysterectomies in Malaysia: why are we left behind? Med J Malaysia. 1999 Mar;54(1):151-2
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Transfusion
  15. AIDS in Malaysia
    Doraisamy G
    Family Practitioner, 1988;11(1):77-78.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Transfusion
  16. Fulltext Abnormalities in lung function among multiply-transfused thalassemia patients: results from a thalassemia center in Malaysia
    Jamal R, Baizura J, Hamidah A, Idris N, Jeffrey AH, Roslan H
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2005 Jan;36(1):265-9.
    PMID: 15906681
    The aim of this study was to: (1) determine the prevalence and patterns of lung dysfunction among transfusion dependent thalassemics; (2) determine the associated factors that might contribute to this problem. This was a cross-sectional study involving 66 patients with transfusion dependent thalassemia aged 10 years and above. All patients underwent physical examination, standardized pulmonary function tests including spirometry, lung volume, and the carbon monoxide diffusion capacity. A restrictive pattern of lung dysfunction was observed in 22 patients (33.3%) and none showed the presence of obstructive ventilatory impairment. A reduction in the carbon monoxide diffusion capacity (DLCO) was seen 87.9% of the patients, including 7.6% who had evidence of hypoxemia. Ten patients showed a reduction in the FEF25-75% although they did not fulfil the criteria for small airway disease. No correlation was found between lung dysfunction and serum ferritin levels in the patients. Restrictive lung dysfunction and diffusion impairment were the predominant abnormalities found in our cohort of patients.
    Study site: Thalassemia clinic, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Transfusion*
  17. Fulltext Absence of 1061C deletion in A2 blood subgroup validated through gene sequencing in the Malaysian population
    Anbukarsu, Aruna, Mohd Nazif Samat @ Darawi and Mohd Nazil Salleh
    Life Sciences, Medicine and Biomedicine, 2019;3(1):1-6.
    MyJurnal
    ABO blood grouping is an important antigenic blood typing tools in blood transfusion and organ transplants. Mismatching of blood during transfusion would lead to undesired transfusion reactions. Due to rare occurrence of rare blood group such as A2 subtype, regular blood grouping technique would have missed the identification of blood group. Objectives: In this study, the identification of A2 subgroup using routine serological technique was validated via DNA sequencing technique. Materials and Methods: A total of 656 students participated in this study consist of Malay (87.0 %), Chinese (0.4 %), Indian (11.4 %) and others ethnic group (0.9%) respectively. Monoclonal antisera A, B, AB, D, A1 lectin and H lectin were used to identify the antigen on red blood cells. DNA sequence analysis was applied to examine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at position 467 (substitution of C>T) and 1061 (deletion of C) on coding region of ABO gene. Results: Our findings showed of 656 blood samples, 256 (39.0%) were blood group O, 190 (29.0%) were blood group B, 179 (27.3%) were blood group A and 31(4.7%) were blood group AB. The frequency of A1 subgroup is 177 (99.0%) and A2 subgroup is 2 (1.0%). From 179 A blood group, only 2 samples showed negative reaction towards anti-A1 lectin. DNA sequence analysis revealed the SNPs at nucleotide 1061 position in sample 2, however this mutation was absence in sample 1, suggesting presence of another mutation that may result in the A2 phenotype. Conclusion: The current study reported the absence of 1061C deletion in A2 blood group sample among Malaysian population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Transfusion
  18. Abstracts of the 24th Regional Congress of the International Society of Blood Transfusion in conjunction with the 6th Malaysian National Transfusion Medicine Conference of the Malaysian Blood Transfusion Society. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. December 1-4, 2013
    Vox Sang, 2013 Dec;105 Suppl 2:1-139.
    PMID: 24176003 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12100_1
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Transfusion*
  19. Advantage of induction therapy with all trans retinoic acid in acute promyelocytic leukaemia in a country with limited transfusion resources: a Malaysian experience
    Leong KW, Bosco JJ, Teh A
    Eur. J. Haematol., 1994 Oct;53(4):237-41.
    PMID: 7957809
    Induction of remission of acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) needs intensive blood support (16) to prevent bleeding attributed to disseminated intravascular coagulation. Between 1989 and 1991, at the University Hospital in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, the remission rate of APL was only 27% with conventional chemotherapy as a result of inadequate transfusion resources. The use of all trans retinoic acid in induction therapy followed by consolidation and maintenance chemotherapy has improved the situation dramatically. Twelve patients entered the study. Ten patients achieved remission (83%), indicating how ATRA had significantly improved the results (p = 0.003). Blood component transfusions were also significantly reduced (p = 0.003). Two ethnic Chinese patients developed pulmonary leucostasis. Published Chinese (2, 6) and Japanese (11) studies have not reported this serious adverse effect. We can now state that leucostasis is not a phenomenon limited to the Western population. ATRA has proved to be extremely beneficial for patients at this centre. Early analysis also suggests that consolidation and maintenance chemotherapy has prolonged remission duration. ATRA should be made available for the treatment of APL in all countries where there are inadequate transfusion services.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Transfusion*
  20. An Audit on Overnight Transfusion Practice in A Teaching Hospital in Malaysia
    Tang YL, Yousuf R, Wan Nawawi WM, Rahman IL, Zainal Abidin J, Rechard Nathan VR, et al.
    Malays J Pathol, 2019 Aug;41(2):161-167.
    PMID: 31427551
    INTRODUCTION: Overnight transfusion (OT) is the blood transfusion taking place from 9pm to 8am. During this period, patients are exposed to increased risk of errors. This cross-sectional study aims to determine the incidence and practice of OT in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre.

    MATERIALS & METHODS: Data from all OT in June and mid-July 2017 were collected from recipients' cards, transfusion request forms and patient's case files, regarding discipline involved, indications, time intervals from request of blood transfusion to the completion of OT on patients, monitoring of patients and adverse reactions.

    RESULTS: A total of 1285 transfusion cases were identified during the study period. 216 (16.8%) cases were OT while the 1069 (83.2%) cases were non-OT. Surgery discipline has the highest (30.1%) OT. The indications of OT were acute clinical need: 82.9%, less acute clinical need: 13.9% and no clinical need: 3.2%. A huge delay (average: 5 hours 40 minutes) in starting transfusion after grouping and crossmatching (GXM) completion was noted. Besides, 25.9% cases took <4 hours to complete OT; 83.4% cases did not have proper transfusion monitoring and three transfusion reactions were reported.

    DISCUSSION: Although most of the OT cases had appropriate clinical indications, the transfusion can be commenced earlier at day time rather than overnight. Cases without absolute indication should avoid OT. The poor monitoring of patient during OT had posed risks to patients' life if an adverse transfusion reaction happened. The major reason for OTs was a huge delay in starting transfusion after the GXM completion. The contravention of 4-hour infusion rule increased the patients' risk of developing bacterial sepsis. The practice of OT should be discouraged wherever possible except for clinically indicated cases.

    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Transfusion
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