Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 251 in total

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  1. Kannan, Thirumulu Ponnuraj, Nik Ahmad Shah Nik Lah, Azlina Ahmad, Siti Fatimah Ramli, Narazah Mohd Yusof, Ab Rani Samsudin
    MyJurnal
    Some of the beneficial bio compatible properties of hydroxyapatite [Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2]; the major componentand an essential ingredient of normal bone and teeth, are that it is rapidly integrated into the human body and will bondto bone forming in distinguishable unions. But, before new materials are approved for medical use, mutagenesis systems to exclude cytotoxic, mutagenic or carcinogenic properties are applied worldwide. This study aimed to detectany chromosomal aberrations induced by the synthetic hydroxyapatite granules [Manufactured by Universiti Sains
    Malaysia, (USM) Penang, Malaysia] in the bone marrow cells of mice. The mitotic indices of the groups treated with synthetic hydroxya patite granules did not show any significant difference as compared to the negative control group treated with distilled water. Also the groups of mice treated with synthetic hydroxyapatite granules and distilled waterdid not induce significant change in chromosome aberrations as compared to the positive control group treated with Mitomycin C. The mitotic indices and chromosomal analyses indicate that under the present test conditions, synthetichydroxya patite granules (manufactured by USM) are non cytotoxic and do not induce chromosome aberrations in the bone marrow cells of mice.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones
  2. Norazlina M, Ima-Nirwana S, Abul Gapor MT, Abdul Kadir Khalid B
    Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2002;11(3):194-9.
    PMID: 12230232
    In this study the effects of vitamin E deficiency and supplementation on bone calcification were determined using 4-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats weighed between 180 and 200 g. The study was divided in three parts. In experiment I the rats were given normal rat chow (RC, control group), a vitamin E deficient (VED) diet or a 50% vitamin E deficient (50%VED) diet. In experiment 2 the rats were given VED supplemented with 30 mg/kg palm vitamin E (PVE30), 60 mg/kg palm vitamin E (PVE60) or 30 mg/kg pure alpha-tocopherol (ATF). In experiment 3 the rats were fed RC and given the same supplements as in experiment 2. The treatment lasted 8 months. Vitamin E derived from palm oil contained a mixture of ATF and tocotrienols. Rats on the VED and 50%VED diets had lower bone calcium content in the left femur compared to the RC group (91.6 +/- 13.3 mg and 118.3 +/- 26.0 mg cf 165.7 +/- 15.2 mg; P < 0.05) and L5 vertebra (28.3 +/- 4.0 mg and 39.5 +/- 6.2 mg compared with 51.4 +/- 5.8 mg; P < 0.05). Supplementing the VED group with PVE60 improved bone calcification in the left femur (133.6 +/- 5.0 mg compared with 91.6 +/- 13.3 mg; P < 0.05) and L5 vertebra (41.3 +/- 3.3 mg compared with 28.3 +/- 4.0 mg; P < 0.05) while supplementation with PVE30 improved bone calcium content in the L5 vertebra (35.6 +/- 3.1 mg compared with 28.3 +/- 4.0 mg; P < 0.05). However, supplementation with ATF did not change the lumbar and femoral bone calcium content compared to the VED group. Supplementing the RC group with PVE30, PVE60 or ATF did not cause any significant changes in bone calcium content. In conclusion, vitamin E deficiency impaired bone calcification. Supplementation with the higher dose of palm vitamin E improved bone calcium content, but supplementation with pure ATF alone did not. This effect may be attributed to the tocotrienol content of palm vitamin E. Therefore, tocotrienols play an important role in bone calcification.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones/metabolism; Bone and Bones/physiology*
  3. Amjad M, Badshah S, Rafique AF, Adil Khattak M, Khan RU, Abdullah Harasani WI
    Materials (Basel), 2020 May 16;13(10).
    PMID: 32429420 DOI: 10.3390/ma13102299
    Implants are widely used in the human body for the replacement of affected bones. Fatigue failure is one of the serious concerns for implants. Therefore, understanding of the underlying mechanism leading to fatigue failure is important for the longevity of biomaterial implants. In this paper, the fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth of titanium alloy biomaterial Ti-27Nb has been experimentally investigated. The Ti-27Nb material is tested for fatigue crack growth in different environmental conditions representing the ambient and in vitro environments for 504 hours and 816 hours, respectively. Fractography of the tested specimen is conducted using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results of the fatigue crack growth propagation of the ambient and in vitro samples are similar in the Paris crack growth region. However, in the threshold region, the crack growth rate is higher for the Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) treated specimen. The fracture surface morphology of in vitro samples shows brittle fracture as compared to ambient specimens with significant plasticity and striations marks. It is proposed that a similar investigation may be conducted with specimens treated in SBF for prolonged periods to further ascertain the findings of this study.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones
  4. George, J., Teo, S.C., Adan, M.
    Malays Orthop J, 2008;2(1):33-37.
    MyJurnal
    Aim: This study was designed to evaluate the use of ultrasound in diagnosis of infection and tumour of long bones. Methodology: Patients referred from the orthopaedic unit with doubt regarding long bone clinical and/or radiological signs which could be tumour or infection were enrolled in this study. Analysis of ultrasound characteristics included presence of pericortical fluid over normal cortex well away from the primary lesion, wavy contour sign (fluid tracking in and out muscle planes), subperiosteal fluid and soft tissue mass displacing adjacent muscle planes. Results: Fourteen out of 15 patients with confirmed osteomyelitis were diagnosed by ultrasound examination. Ultrasound as a diagnostic tool has a sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 100%. The most accurate indicator was pericortical fluid noted up to several centimetres from the long bone abnormality seen on plain x-rays. Conclusion: Ultrasound is a safe, fast, cost-effective imaging modality that can play an important role in diagnosis of osteomyelitis as it then serves as a tool for ultrasound guided aspiration.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones
  5. Tan, S.L., Selvaratnam, L., Ahmad, T.S.
    JUMMEC, 2015;18(2):1-14.
    MyJurnal
    Tendon is a dense connective tissue that connects muscle to bone. Tendon can adapt to mechanical forces passing across it, through a reciprocal relationship between its cellular components (tenocytes and tenoblasts) and the extracellular matrix (ECM). In early development, the formation of scleraxis-expressing tendon progenitor population in the sclerotome is induced by a fibroblast growth factor signal secreted by the myotome. Tendon injury has been defined as a loss of cells or ECM caused by trauma. It represents a failure of cells and matrix adaptation to mechanical loading. Injury initiates attempts of tendon to repair itself, which has been defined as replacement of damaged or lost cells and ECM by new cells or new matrices. Tendon healing generally consists of four different phases: the inflammatory, proliferation, differentiation and remodelling phases. Clinically, tendons are repaired with a variety of surgical techniques, which show various degrees of success. In order to improve the conventional tendon repair methods, current tendon tissue engineering aims to investigate a repair method which can restore tissue defects with living cells, or cell based therapy. Advances in tissue engineering techniques would potentially yield to a cell-based product that could regenerate functional tendon tissue.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones
  6. Akhbar MFA
    Comput Methods Programs Biomed, 2023 Apr;231:107361.
    PMID: 36736133 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107361
    BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Conventional surgical drill bits suffer from several drawbacks, including extreme heat generation, breakage, jam, and undesired breakthrough. Understanding the impacts of drill margin on bone damage can provide insights that lay the foundation for improvement in the existing surgical drill bit. However, research on drill margins in bone drilling is lacking. This work assesses the influences of margin height and width on thermomechanical damage in bone drilling.

    METHODS: Thermomechanical damage-maximum bone temperature, osteonecrosis diameter, osteonecrosis depth, maximum thrust force, and torque-were calculated using the finite element method under various margin heights (0.05-0.25 mm) and widths (0.02-0.26 mm). The simulation results were validated with experimental tests and previous research data.

    RESULTS: The effect of margin height in increasing the maximum bone temperature, osteonecrosis diameter, and depth were at least 19.1%, 41.9%, and 59.6%, respectively. The thrust force and torque are highly sensitive to margin height. A higher margin height (0.21-0.25 mm) reduced the thrust force by 54.0% but increased drilling torque by 142.2%. The bone temperature, osteonecrosis diameter, and depth were 16.5%, 56.5%, and 81.4% lower, respectively, with increasing margin width. The minimum thrust force (11.1 N) and torque (41.9 Nmm) were produced with the highest margin width (0.26 mm). The margin height of 0.05-0.13 mm and a margin width of 0.22-0.26 produced the highest sum of weightage.

    CONCLUSIONS: A surgical drill bit with a margin height of 0.05-0.13 mm and a margin width of 0.22-0.26 mm can produce minimum thermomechanical damage in cortical bone drilling. The insights regarding the suitable ranges for margin height and width from this study could be adopted in future research devoted to optimizing the margin of the existing surgical drill bit.

    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones*
  7. Ashhar Z, Yusof NA, Ahmad Saad FF, Mohd Nor SM, Mohammad F, Bahrin Wan Kamal WH, et al.
    Molecules, 2020 Jun 09;25(11).
    PMID: 32526838 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112668
    Early diagnosis of bone metastases is crucial to prevent skeletal-related events, and for that, the non-invasive techniques to diagnose bone metastases that make use of image-guided radiopharmaceuticals are being employed as an alternative to traditional biopsies. Hence, in the present work, we tested the efficacy of a gallium-68 (68Ga)-based compound as a radiopharmaceutical agent towards the bone imaging in positron emitting tomography (PET). For that, we prepared, thoroughly characterized, and radiolabeled [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-pamidronic acid radiopharmaceutical, a 68Ga precursor for PET bone cancer imaging applications. The preparation of NODAGA-pamidronic acid was performed via the N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester strategy and was characterized using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MSn). The unreacted NODAGA chelator was separated using the ion-suppression reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method, and the freeze-dried NODAGA-pamidronic acid was radiolabeled with 68Ga. The radiolabeling condition was found to be most optimum at a pH ranging from 4 to 4.5 and a temperature of above 60 °C. From previous work, we found that the pamidronic acid itself has a good bone binding affinity. Moreover, from the analysis of the results, the ionic structure of radiolabeled [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-pamidronic acid has the ability to improve the blood clearance and may exert good renal excretion, enhance the bone-to-background ratio, and consequently the final image quality. This was reflected by both the in vitro bone binding assay and in vivo animal biodistribution presented in this research.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones/metabolism*
  8. Radzi NFM, Ismail NAS, Alias E
    Curr Drug Targets, 2018;19(9):1095-1107.
    PMID: 29412105 DOI: 10.2174/1389450119666180207092539
    BACKGROUND: There are accumulating studies reporting that vitamin E in general exhibits bone protective effects. This systematic review, however discusses the effects of a group of vitamin E isomers, tocotrienols in preventing bone loss through osteoclast differentiation and activity suppression.

    OBJECTIVE: This review is aimed to discuss the literature reporting the effects of tocotrienols on osteoclasts, the cells specialized for resorbing bone.

    RESULTS: Out of the total 22 studies from the literature search, only 11 of them were identified as relevant, which comprised of eight animal studies, two in vitro studies and only one combination of both. The in vivo studies indicated that tocotrienols improve the bone health and reduce bone loss via inhibition of osteoclast formation and resorption activity, which could be through regulation of RANKL and OPG expression as seen from their levels in the sera. This is well supported by data from the in vitro studies demonstrating the suppression of osteoclast formation and resorption activity following treatment with tocotrienol isomers.

    CONCLUSION: Thus, tocotrienols are suggested to be potential antioxidants for prevention and treatment of bone-related diseases characterized by increased bone loss.

    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones/drug effects*; Bone and Bones/metabolism
  9. Khan MUA, Abd Razak SI, Mehboob H, Abdul Kadir MR, Anand TJS, Inam F, et al.
    ACS Omega, 2021 Feb 16;6(6):4335-4346.
    PMID: 33623844 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05596
    In bone tissue engineering, multifunctional composite materials are very challenging. Bone tissue engineering is an innovative technique to develop biocompatible scaffolds with suitable orthopedic applications with enhanced antibacterial and mechanical properties. This research introduces a polymeric nanocomposite scaffold based on arabinoxylan-co-acrylic acid, nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp), nano-aluminum oxide (nAl2O3), and graphene oxide (GO) by free-radical polymerization for the development of porous scaffolds using the freeze-drying technique. These polymeric nanocomposite scaffolds were coated with silver (Ag) nanoparticles to improve antibacterial activities. Together, nHAp, nAl2O3, and GO enhance the multifunctional properties of materials, which regulate their physicochemical and biomechanical properties. Results revealed that the Ag-coated polymeric nanocomposite scaffolds had excellent antibacterial properties and better microstructural properties. Regulated morphological properties and maximal antibacterial inhibition zones were found in the porous scaffolds with the increasing amount of GO. Moreover, the nanosystem and the polymeric matrix have improved the compressive strength (18.89 MPa) and Young's modulus (198.61 MPa) of scaffolds upon increasing the amount of GO. The biological activities of the scaffolds were investigated against the mouse preosteoblast cell lines (MC3T3-E1) and increasing the quantities of GO helps cell adherence and proliferation. Therefore, our findings showed that these silver-coated polymeric nanocomposite scaffolds have the potential for engineering bone tissue.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones
  10. Mustaffa R, Besar I, Andanastuti M
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Jul;63 Suppl A:95-6.
    PMID: 19025001
    In this study, porous hydroxyapatite (HA) samples were fabricated via sponge techniques with the aid of sago as part of the binder mixture. Development processes for the production of porous bone graft substitutes are studied using polyurethane sponge. To obtain the optimum amount of binder for successful fabrication of porous HA were done. Initially, porous HA powder was synthesized using calcium hydroxide and orthorphosphoric acid. Meanwhile, sago was mixed with PVA in a certain ratio to be used as binder for preparing the porous HA. After a series of investigative tests were conducted to characterize the sintered samples, the use of the sago and polymeric mixture was found to successfully aid the fabrication of porous HA samples. In this investigation, comparison of physical and mechanical characteristics between samples prepared using difference techniques was made.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones/injuries; Bone and Bones/chemistry*
  11. Wen HJ, Huang TH, Li TL, Chong PN, Ang BS
    Osteoporos Int, 2017 02;28(2):539-547.
    PMID: 27613719 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-016-3759-4
    Measurement of bone turnover markers is an alternative way to determine the effects of exercise on bone health. A 10-week group-based step aerobics exercise significantly improved functional fitness in postmenopausal women with low bone mass, and showed a positive trend in reducing resorption activity via bone turnover markers.

    INTRODUCTION: The major goal of this study was to determine the effects of short-term group-based step aerobics (GBSA) exercise on the bone metabolism, bone mineral density (BMD), and functional fitness of postmenopausal women (PMW) with low bone mass.

    METHODS: Forty-eight PMW (aged 58.2 ± 3.5 years) with low bone mass (lumbar spine BMD T-score of -2.00 ± 0.67) were recruited and randomly assigned to an exercise group (EG) or to a control group (CG). Participants from the EG attended a progressive 10-week GBSA exercise at an intensity of 75-85 % of heart rate reserve, 90 min per session, and three sessions per week. Serum bone metabolic markers (C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen [CTX] and osteocalcin), BMD, and functional fitness components were measured before and after the training program. Mixed-models repeated measures method was used to compare differences between the groups (α = 0.05).

    RESULTS: After the 10-week intervention period, there was no significant exercise program by time interaction for CTX; however, the percent change for CTX was significantly different between the groups (EG = -13.1 ± 24.4 % vs. CG = 11.0 ± 51.5 %, P bone metabolism and general health by significantly reduced bone resorption activity and improved functional fitness in PMW with low bone mass. This suggested GBSA could be adopted as a form of group-based exercise for senior community.

    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones/metabolism
  12. Nemati M, Kamilah H, Huda N, Ariffin F
    Int J Food Sci Nutr, 2015 Aug;67(5):535-40.
    PMID: 27144766 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2016.1179269
    Avoidance of dairy products due to lactose intolerance can lead to insufficiency of calcium (Ca) in the body. In an approach to address this problem, tuna bone powder (TBP) was formulated as a calcium supplement to fortify bakery products. In a study, TBP recovered by alkaline treatment contained 38.16 g/100 g of calcium and 23.31 g/100 g of phosphorus. The ratio of Ca:P that was close to 2:1 was hence comparable to that in human bones. The availability of calcium in TBP was 53.93%, which was significantly higher than most calcium salts, tricalcium phosphate (TCP) being the exception. In vitro availability of calcium in TBP-fortified cookies or TCP-fortified cookies were comparable at 38.9% and 39.5%, respectively. These values were higher than the readings from TBP-fortified bread (36.7%) or TCP-fortified bread (37.4%). Sensory evaluation of bakery products containing TBP or TCP elicited comparable scores for the two additives from test panels. Hence, TBP could be used in the production of high calcium bakery products that would enjoy consumer acceptance.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones
  13. Lim AP, Zulkeflee Z, Aris AZ
    Water Sci Technol, 2016 Oct;74(7):1577-1584.
    PMID: 27763337
    Dead calcareous skeletons (CSs) as low-cost adsorbents were studied to remove lead ions (Pb (II)) in an aqueous solution. Factors influencing the efficiency of CSs were evaluated by adsorbent size, contact time, initial concentration, dosage concentration and pH. The optimum CS size for removal of Pb (II) was 710 μm at an equilibrium time of 720 min. The best dosage of CS was 10 g/L for a 99% removal efficiency without pH adjustment. Pb (II) ions were effectively removed in the initial pH of the metal solution. CS was able to remove a high concentration (100 mg/L) of Pb (II) at a removal efficiency of 99.92% and at an adsorption capacity of 13.06 mg/g. Our results demonstrated the potential of CS as a metal adsorbent in the aqueous phase with a high-removal efficiency and distinct physical characteristics.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones/chemistry*
  14. Fadilah A, Zuki AB, Loqman MY, Zamri-Saad M, Norimah Y, Asnah H
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:178-9.
    PMID: 15468876
    The study was carried out to evaluate macroscopically the ability of coral to repair a large size bone defect. A total 12 adult, male sheep were used in the study. The large bone defect (2.5cm x 0.5cm x 0.5cm) was created surgically on the left proximal femur and replaced by a block of coral (Porites sp.). Radiographs were obtained immediately after surgery and at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks post-implantation. Ultrasonographic examinations were carried out every 2 weeks after implantation up to 12 weeks using ultrasound machine (TOSHIBA Capasee II) connected with 7MHz frequency transducer. The sheep were euthanased at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks post-implantation and the bone examined grossly. Both ultrasonographs and radiographs taken at 8 and 12 weeks showed that the implants had been resorbed and left the space that much reduced in size. There was no sign of implant rejection observed in all animals. The results showed that processed coral has potential to become bone substitute for reconstructive bone surgery.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones/pathology*
  15. Waran V, Narayanan V, Karuppiah R, Owen SL, Aziz T
    J. Neurosurg., 2014 Feb;120(2):489-92.
    PMID: 24321044 DOI: 10.3171/2013.11.JNS131066
    The advent of multimaterial 3D printers allows the creation of neurosurgical models of a more realistic nature, mimicking real tissues. The authors used the latest generation of 3D printer to create a model, with an inbuilt pathological entity, of varying consistency and density. Using this model the authors were able to take trainees through the basic steps, from navigation and planning of skin flap to performing initial steps in a craniotomy and simple tumor excision. As the technology advances, models of this nature may be able to supplement the training of neurosurgeons in a simulated operating theater environment, thus improving the training experience.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology
  16. Yusof MFH, Zahari W, Hashim SNM, Osman ZF, Chandra H, Kannan TP, et al.
    J Oral Biol Craniofac Res, 2017 10 19;8(1):48-53.
    PMID: 29556464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2017.10.003
    Manipulation of dental stem cells (DSCs) using current technologies in tissue engineering unveil promising prospect in regenerative medicine. DSCs have shown to possess angiogenic and osteogenic potential in both in vivo and in vitro. Neural crest derived DSCs can successfully be isolated from various dental tissues, exploiting their intrinsic great differentiation potential. In this article, researcher team intent to review the characteristics of DSCs, with focus on their angiogenic and osteogenic differentiation lineage. Clinical data on DSCs are still lacking to prove their restorative abilities despite extensive contemporary literature, warranting research to further validate their application for bone tissue engineering.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones
  17. Sanaei, A.V., Mahmoodani, F., See, S.F., Yusop, S.M., Babji, A.S.
    MyJurnal
    The extraction of catfish (Clarias gariepinus) bone gelatin was optimized by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) involving 4-factors, 5-levels Central Composite Design (CCD). The optimum conditions for extraction were produced by a pre-treatment of 3.35% HCl for 14.5 h along with hot water extraction at 67.23°C for 5.2 h. Results showed that the predicted yield by RSM (61.81%) was closely matched the experimental yield of 60.54%. The results also indicated that the extracted bone gelatin possessed high protein content (81.75%) and imino acid (proline and hydroxyproline) (144 residues per 1000 residues), with gel strength (230.25 g), viscosity (4.64 mPa.s) and isoionic point (5.35) comparable to that of bovine gelatin. The results suggested that RSM is a great optimizing tool for extraction of gelatin from clarias catfish bone and values of the physicochemical properties of gelatin are higher or comparable than those from other fish species and bovine gelatin.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones
  18. Alam AM, Shuaib IL, Hock LC, Bah EJ
    Nepal Med Coll J, 2005 Dec;7(2):150-1.
    PMID: 16519087
    This report describes a migratory fish bone which was not found during 1st surgery causing perforation to the superior part of the arch of aorta. The patient presented with feeling of something stucked in her throat after eating fish subsequently followed by progressive excruciating pain in the neck. During 2nd surgery the fish bone was found to have migrated from the superior aspect of the arch of aorta to the anterolateral aspect of the arch of aorta after piercing the aortic lumen. We report a case of migratory fish bone which was not found during 1st surgery. The clinical examination of the throat revealed no foreign body. The CT scan of the neck and upper thorax demonstrated a 1cm linear foreign body part of which had perforated into the superior part of the arch of aorta with mediastinal hematoma. The most likely cause was a fish bone. The patient's condition slowly deteriorated, median sternotomy and exploration of mediastinum then followed. Unfortunately no fish bone was found and only mediastinal hematoma was discovered. After the first operation the patient condition did not improve and repeat CT scan of the neck and upper thorax was done 3 days later. A similar foreign body has now moved from the superior aspect of the arch of aorta to the anterolateral aspect of arch of aorta. Exploration was done again and this time the fish bone was found.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones*
  19. Jayash SN, Hashim NM, Misran M, Baharuddin NA
    PeerJ, 2016;4:e2229.
    PMID: 27635307 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2229
    The receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANK)/RANK ligand/osteoprotegerin (OPG) system plays a critical role in bone remodelling by regulating osteoclast formation and activity. OPG has been used systemically in the treatment of bone diseases. In searching for more effective and safer treatment for bone diseases, we investigated newly formulated OPG-chitosan complexes, which is prepared as a local application for its osteogenic potential to remediate bone defects.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones
  20. Boukari Y, Qutachi O, Scurr DJ, Morris AP, Doughty SW, Billa N
    J Biomater Sci Polym Ed, 2017 Nov;28(16):1966-1983.
    PMID: 28777694 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2017.1364100
    The development of patient-friendly alternatives to bone-graft procedures is the driving force for new frontiers in bone tissue engineering. Poly (dl-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and chitosan are well-studied and easy-to-process polymers from which scaffolds can be fabricated. In this study, a novel dual-application scaffold system was formulated from porous PLGA and protein-loaded PLGA/chitosan microspheres. Physicochemical and in vitro protein release attributes were established. The therapeutic relevance, cytocompatibility with primary human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and osteogenic properties were tested. There was a significant reduction in burst release from the composite PLGA/chitosan microspheres compared with PLGA alone. Scaffolds sintered from porous microspheres at 37 °C were significantly stronger than the PLGA control, with compressive strengths of 0.846 ± 0.272 MPa and 0.406 ± 0.265 MPa, respectively (p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones/cytology*
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