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Fulltext Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis with reno-colic fistula: A rare complication of urinary tract infection

Onn LV, Bickle I, Chua HB, Telisinghe PU, Chong CF, Chong VH

Malays Fam Physician, 2017;12(3):33-36.
PMID: 29527279

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common presentations in general practice and, in most instances, occurs in a single episode and is easily treated with a course of anti-microbial therapy. In the case of recurrent urinary tract infections, it is important to consider evaluation for any underlying causes. We report the case of a 32 year old female who had recurrent UTIs; this was a case of recurrent UTI secondary to xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis from renal stones with resultant reno-colic fistula formation.

Matched MeSH terms: Brunei
Fulltext Workplace fatalities in Brunei Darussalam

Win KN, Trivedi A, Lai AS

Ind Health, 2018 Nov 21;56(6):566-571.
PMID: 29973468 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2018-0053

In 2012, there were about 2.3 million deaths worldwide attributed to work. The highest workplace fatality rate (WFR) was reported on construction sites due to high risk activities. Globally, fall from height is the leading cause of fatal injuries for construction workers. The objectives are to determine Brunei Darussalam's demographic distribution of occupational fatality; identify causal agents and industry where occupational fatalities commonly occur; and determine WFR by year. This cross-sectional study retrospectively reviewed records of occupational fatality which were notified to the Occupational Health Division, Ministry of Health, from January 2012 until December 2016. Notified occupational fatalities in Brunei over a five-year period was 50. Most of the cases were in 31-40 age group. 38% of fatality cases occurred in Indonesian workers. 60% were from the Construction industry. 38% were due to fall from height. WFR averaged 5.28 and the highest industry-specific fatality rate was seen in the Construction industry, ranging from 27.94 to 56.45 per 100,000 workers. WFR for Brunei Darussalam from 2012 to 2016 was similar to that of Malaysia, but higher than Singapore and the UK. Industry-specific fatality rate for the Construction and Manufacturing industries were higher than those of Singapore and the UK.

Matched MeSH terms: Brunei/epidemiology
Whistle description of Irrawaddy dolphins (Orcaella brevirostris) in Bay of Brunei, Sarawak, Malaysia

Muhamad HM, Xu X, Zhang X, Jaaman SA, Muda AM

J Acoust Soc Am, 2018 05;143(5):2708.
PMID: 29857727 DOI: 10.1121/1.5036926

Studies of Irrawaddy dolphins' acoustics assist in understanding the behaviour of the species and thereby conservation of this species. Whistle signals emitted by Irrawaddy dolphin within the Bay of Brunei in Malaysian waters were characterized. A total of 199 whistles were analysed from seven sightings between January and April 2016. Six types of whistles contours named constant, upsweep, downsweep, concave, convex, and sine were detected when the dolphins engaged in traveling, foraging, and socializing activities. The whistle durations ranged between 0.06 and 3.86 s. The minimum frequency recorded was 443 Hz [Mean = 6000 Hz, standard deviation (SD) = 2320 Hz] and the maximum frequency recorded was 16 071 Hz (Mean = 7139 Hz, SD = 2522 Hz). The mean frequency range (F.R.) for the whistles was 1148 Hz (Minimum F.R. = 0 Hz, Maximum F.R. = 4446 Hz; SD = 876 Hz). Whistles in the Bay of Brunei were compared with population recorded from the waters of Matang and Kalimantan. The comparisons showed differences in whistle duration, minimum frequency, start frequency, and number of inflection point. Variation in whistle occurrence and frequency may be associated with surface behaviour, ambient noise, and recording limitation. This will be an important element when planning a monitoring program.

Matched MeSH terms: Brunei
Waste management in ASEAN countries (Association of Southeast Asian Nations)

Uriarte FA

Toxicol Ind Health, 1991 Sep-Nov;7(5-6):229-49.
PMID: 1780863
Matched MeSH terms: Brunei
WHO plans to improve training for blood-bank personnel

AIDS Policy Law, 2001 Oct 26;16(20):3.
PMID: 11692478
Matched MeSH terms: Brunei/epidemiology
Valuable components of bambangan fruit (Mangifera pajang) and its co-products: A review

Jahurul MHA, Zaidul ISM, Beh L, Sharifudin MS, Siddiquee S, Hasmadi M, et al.

Food Res Int, 2019 01;115:105-115.
PMID: 30599921 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.08.017

Fruits are important food commodities that can be consumed either raw or processed and are valued for their taste, nutrients, and healthy compounds. Mangifera pajang Kosterm (bambangan) is an underutilized fruit found in Malaysia (Sabah and Sarawak), Brunei, and Indonesia (Kalimantan). It is highly fibrous and juicy with an aromatic flavour and strong smell. In recent years, bambangan fruit has been gaining more attention due to its high fibre, carotenoid content, antioxidant properties, phytochemicals, and medicinal usages. Therefore, the production, trade, and consumption of bambangan fruit could be increased significantly, both domestically and internationally, because of its nutritional value. The identification and quantification of bioactive compounds in bambangan fruit has led to considerable interest among scientists. Bambangan fruit and its waste, especially its seeds and peels, are considered cheap sources of valuable food and are considered nutraceutical ingredients that could be used to prevent various diseases. The use of bambangan fruit waste co-products for the production of bioactive components is an important step towards sustainable development. This is an updated report on the nutritional composition and health-promoting phytochemicals of bambangan fruit and its co-products that explores their potential utilization. This review reveals that bambangan fruit and its co-products could be used as ingredients of dietary fibre powder or could be incorporated into food products (biscuits and macaroni) to enhance their nutraceutical properties.

Matched MeSH terms: Brunei
Fulltext Validation of Brunei's Malay EQ-5D Questionnaire in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Koh D, Abdullah AM, Wang P, Lin N, Luo N

PLoS One, 2016;11(11):e0165555.
PMID: 27835652 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165555

BACKGROUND: The Malay spoken in Brunei a South East Asian country where Malay is the national language is distinctive and different from Malay spoken in Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia. This study aimed to develop a Brunei Malay version of the 5-level EQ-5D questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L) and to assess its psychometric properties among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
METHODS: The Brunei Malay EQ-5D-5L was developed by culturally adapting two existing Malay versions. A total of 154 Bruneians with T2DM completed the questionnaire in two different points of time with one week apart. Known-groups validity of the utility-based EQ-5D-5L index and visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS) was evaluated by comparing subgroups of patients known to differ in health status. Test-retest reliability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) or Cohen's kappa.
RESULTS: As hypothesized, patients known to have 'better' health had higher EQ-5D-5L index scores than those having 'worse' health in all 7 known-groups comparisons. The hypothesized difference in the EQ-VAS scores was observed in only 4 of the 7 known-groups comparisons. Kappa values ranged from 0.206 to 0.446 for the EQ-5D-5L items; the ICC value for the EQ-5D-5L index and EQ-VAS was 0.626 and 0.521, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: The utility-based EQ-5D-5L index appears to be valid and reliable for measuring the health of Brunei patients with T2DM. The validity of the EQ-VAS in Brunei requires further investigation.

Matched MeSH terms: Brunei
Use of sterols and linear alkylbenzenes as molecular markers of sewage pollution in Southeast Asia

Thomes MW, Vaezzadeh V, Zakaria MP, Bong CW

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2019 Nov;26(31):31555-31580.
PMID: 31440968 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05936-y

Southeast Asia has undergone rapid developments in terms of urbanization, economic and population growth. The progress in sewerage treatment infrastructure has not kept pace with such developments. The inadequacy and inefficiency of sewerage systems has prompted the release of untreated sewage into the aquatic environment of Southeast Asia causing many waterborne illnesses since surface water is utilized for recreational, agricultural and aquaculture purposes and, above all, as a source of water intake in Southeast Asia. This paper will review the current data on molecular markers of sewage pollution including sterols and linear alkylbenzenes (LABs) in Southeast Asian aquatic environment to clarify the state of sewage pollution and the competence of sewage treatment plants (STPs) in this area. Despite the importance of sewage pollution research in the region, the number of studies using molecular markers to trace the sources of sewage pollution is limited. So far, indicators of sewage pollution have been investigated in aquatic environments of Indonesia, Vietnam, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, Cambodia and Brunei among Southeast Asian countries. The concentrations and diagnostic ratios of faecal sterols and LABs show the release of untreated and primary treated urban waste into water bodies of these countries. Further studies are required to fill the data gaps in Southeast Asia and come to a better understanding of the trends of sewage pollution in this part of the world. Graphical abstract.

Matched MeSH terms: Brunei
Fulltext Urogenital melioidosis: a review of clinical presentations, characteristic and outcomes

Chong Vh VH, Sharif F, Bickle I

Med J Malaysia, 2014 Dec;69(6):257-60.
PMID: 25934955 MyJurnal

INTRODUCTION: Melioidosis is endemic to the tropical regions, in particular Thailand and Northern Australia. Any organ can be affected by melioidosis. Involvement of the urogenital system is common in Northern Australia, but is less common in other regions. This study assesses the characteristics of melioidosis affecting the urogenital system treated in a tertiary referral centre in Brunei Darussalam.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: All patients treated for melioidosis of the urogenital system were identified and retrospectively reviewed.

RESULTS: There were 9 patients with 11 episodes of urogenital infections treated over 13 years. The median age at diagnosis was 38 years old (range 29 - 63) with men predominantly affected. The major risk factor was underlying diabetes mellitus (n=9), including three patients diagnosed at the time of diagnosis of melioidosis. The median glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was 12.8% (range 6.4 to 16.6%). One patient's risk factor was only moderate alcohol consumption. Common symptoms included; fever, lethargy, rigor and anorexia. Dysuria was reported by two patients. The median duration of symptoms before presentation was 7 days (range 2 to 21 days) and the median number of sites involved were 3 (range of 2 to 6). Urogenital involvement included prostate (n=6), kidney (n=8), seminal vesicles (n=1) and testis (n=1). Radiological imaging showed that large prostate abscesses (>4.5cm) were common, and in some patients, the kidney abscess had the 'honeycomb' previously described as typical for melioidosis liver abscess. All patients were successfully treated for melioidosis and at a median follow up of 34 months (range 1 - 97), there was one death from complications of diabetes mellitus.

CONCLUSION: Urogenital melioidosis only accounted for a small proportion of all melioidosis involvement, with prostate and kidney most commonly affected. Concomitant involvement of other sites were common. The major risk factor was poorly controlled diabetes mellitus.

Matched MeSH terms: Brunei
Fulltext Two New Nepenthes Species from the Philippines and an Emended Description of Nepenthes ramos

Gronemeyer T, Suarez W, Nuytemans H, Calaramo M, Wistuba A, Mey FS, et al.

Plants (Basel), 2016;5(2).
PMID: 27164153 DOI: 10.3390/plants5020023

With 50 species of the genus Nepenthes L. currently described from the Philippines, it is without doubt that the country, along with the islands of Sumatra (Indonesia) and Borneo (Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei), should be considered the center of diversity of the genus. In this work, we describe two new species. One species, N. aenigma sp. nov., is from Ilocos Norte province on Luzon Island and has the-for Nepenthes-unusual ecological preference to grow in dense vegetation in deep shade. The other new species is from Mount Hamiguitan in Davao Oriental province on Mindanao Island. With this new entry, Mount Hamiguitan is now home to four endemic species (N. peltata, N. micramphora, N. hamiguitanensis, N. justinae sp. nov.). Furthermore, we provide an emended description of N. ramos based on field data. Nepenthes kurata is synonymized here with N. ramos.

Matched MeSH terms: Brunei
Tsunami run-up and inundation along the coast of Sabah and Sarawak, Malaysia due to a potential Brunei submarine mass failure

Tan WK, Teh SY, Koh HL

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2017 Jul;24(19):15976-15994.
PMID: 28343360 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8698-x

Submarine landslides, also known as submarine mass failures (SMFs), are major natural marine disasters that could critically damage coastal facilities such as nuclear power plants and oil and gas platforms. It is therefore essential to investigate submarine landslides for potential tsunami hazard assessment. Three-dimensional seismic data from offshore Brunei have revealed a giant seabed mass deposited by a previous SMF. The submarine mass extends over 120 km from the continental slope of the Baram Canyon at 200 m water depth to the deep basin floor of the Northwest Borneo Trough. A suite of in-house two-dimensional depth-averaged tsunami simulation model TUNA (Tsunami-tracking Utilities and Application) is developed to assess the vulnerability of coastal communities in Sabah and Sarawak subject to potential SMF tsunami. The submarine slide is modeled as a rigid body moving along a planar slope with the center of mass motion parallel to the planar slope and subject to external forces due to added mass, gravity, and dissipation. The nonlinear shallow water equations are utilized to simulate tsunami propagation from deepwater up to the shallow offshore areas. A wetting-drying algorithm is used when a tsunami wave reaches the shoreline to compute run up of tsunami along the shoreline. Run-up wave height and inundation maps are provided for seven densely populated locations in Sabah and Sarawak to highlight potential risks at each location, subject to two scenarios of slide slopes: 2° and 4°. The first wave may arrive at Kudat as early as 0.4 h after the SMF, giving local communities little time to evacuate. Over a small area, maximum inundated depths reaching 20.3 m at Kudat, 26.1 m at Kota Kinabalu, and 15.5 m at Miri are projected, while the maximum inundation distance of 4.86 km is expected at Miri due to its low-lying coast. In view of the vulnerability of some locations to the SMF tsunami, it is important to develop and implement community resilience program to reduce the potential damage that could be inflicted by SMF tsunamis.

Matched MeSH terms: Brunei
Fulltext Transient Osteoporosis of the Hip: A Case Report

Pande K, Aung TT, Leong JF, Bickle I

Malays Orthop J, 2017 Mar;11(1):77-78.
PMID: 28435582 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1703.012

Transient osteoporosis of the hip (TOH) is a benign, selflimiting condition characterised by acute onset groin pain in adults. Early diagnosis is important to differentiate it from progressive conditions such as osteonecrosis. We report on a middle-aged male who presented with right groin pain without any prior trauma. The diagnosis of transient osteoporosis of hip was confirmed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and he was successfully treated with a course of Alendronate sodium, anti-inflammatory analgesics and a period of non-weight bearing ambulation.

Matched MeSH terms: Brunei
Fulltext Trans-national conservation and infrastructure development in the Heart of Borneo

Sloan S, Campbell MJ, Alamgir M, Lechner AM, Engert J, Laurance WF

PLoS One, 2019;14(9):e0221947.
PMID: 31532810 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221947

The Heart of Borneo initiative has promoted the integration of protected areas and sustainably-managed forests across Malaysia, Indonesia, and Brunei. Recently, however, member states of the Heart of Borneo have begun pursuing ambitious unilateral infrastructure-development schemes to accelerate economic growth, jeopardizing the underlying goal of trans-boundary integrated conservation. Focusing on Sabah, Malaysia, we highlight conflicts between its Pan-Borneo Highway scheme and the regional integration of protected areas, unprotected intact forests, and conservation-priority forests. Road developments in southern Sabah in particular would drastically reduce protected-area integration across the northern Heart of Borneo region. Such developments would separate two major clusters of protected areas that account for one-quarter of all protected areas within the Heart of Borneo complex. Sabah has proposed forest corridors and highway underpasses as means of retaining ecological connectivity in this context. Connectivity modelling identified numerous overlooked areas for connectivity rehabilitation among intact forest patches following planned road development. While such 'linear-conservation planning' might theoretically retain up to 85% of intact-forest connectivity and integrate half of the conservation-priority forests across Sabah, in reality it is very unlikely to achieve meaningful ecological integration. Moreover, such measure would be exceedingly costly if properly implemented-apparently beyond the operating budget of relevant Malaysian authorities. Unless critical road segments are cancelled, planned infrastructure will fragment important conservation landscapes with little recourse for mitigation. This likelihood reinforces earlier calls for the legal recognition of the Heart of Borneo region for conservation planning as well as for enhanced tri-lateral coordination of both conservation and development.

Matched MeSH terms: Brunei
Fulltext Trans-Pacific Partnership Provisions in Intellectual Property, Transparency, and Investment Chapters Threaten Access to Medicines in the US and Elsewhere

Baker BK

PLoS Med, 2016 Mar;13(3):e1001970.
PMID: 26954325 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001970

Brook Baker describes the potential harms to global health from the Trans Pacific Partnership Agreement and its failure to balance the interests of patients and the public with those of industry.

Matched MeSH terms: Brunei
Three new species and a new record of the spider genus Mallinella Strand, 1906 from Brunei (Araneae, Zodariidae)

Dankittipakul P, Koh JK, Singtripop T

Zootaxa, 2014;3826(2):377-85.
PMID: 24990054 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3826.2.7

This article is the first formal record of the genus Mallinella Strand, 1906 in Brunei Darussalam. Four Mallinella species are documented. Mallinella merimbunenis sp. nov., M. myrmecophaga sp. nov., and M. platyrhyncha sp. nov. are newly described. The females of M. bigemina Dankittipakul, Jocqué & Singtripop, 2012 are here recorded from Brunei for the first time. The latter species was previously known only from an evergreen hill forest at 2,000 m elevation at Mt. Kinabalu of Kinabalu Park in Sabah.

Matched MeSH terms: Brunei
The importance of borneo Anopheles; a study of the relative importance of the different species of Borneo Anopheles, from records of 24,000 dissections and other evidence, by observers throughout North Borneo and Labuan, Sarawak, Brunei and Dutch Borneo, 1914-49

McARTHUR J

Indian J Malariol, 1950 Dec;4(4):391-447.
PMID: 14880191
Matched MeSH terms: Brunei
The genus Ranatra Fabricius (Heteroptera: Nepidae) in Borneo, with a redescription of Ranatra spinifrons Montandon and the description of a new species

Tran AD, Poggi R

Zootaxa, 2019 Feb 12;4555(2):236-246.
PMID: 30790959 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4555.2.4

The type of Ranatra spinifrons Montandon, 1910 is redescribed and this taxon is reported from Brunei for the first time. Ranatra heoki sp.n. is described from Sarawak and belongs to the Ranatra gracilis group (sensu Lansbury, 1972). The present paper also provides the first records of the following species for Borneo: Ranatra parmata Mayr, 1865 (from Sabah and Kalimantan); Ranatra rafflesi Tran Polhemus, 2012 (from Sarawak). The latter is also reported from Sumatra for the first time. Ranatra longipes longipes Stål, 1861, previously known from Kalimantan and Sabah, is now reported from Sarawak for the first time. Thus, six species of Ranatra are currently known from Borneo.

Matched MeSH terms: Brunei
Fulltext The distribution and population density of Bornean Tarsier, “tarsius bancanus borneanus (elliot)” in secondary and rehabilitated forests of Universiti Putra Malaysia, Bintulu Sarawak Campus, Sarawak, Malaysia

Hani Nabilia Muhd Sahimi, Chubo, John Keen, Marina Mohd. Top @ Mohd. Tah, Noor Bahiah Saripuddin, Siti Sarah Ab Rahim

Trop Life Sci Res, 2018;29(1):139-154.
MyJurnal

Tarsius bancanus borneanus (kera hantu) pertama kali dicam oleh Elliot pada
tahun 1990 merupakan spesies endemik yang boleh ditemui di kepulauan Borneo yang
terdiri dari Sabah dan Sarawak (Malaysia), Brunei Darussalam dan Kalimantan, Indonesia.
Sub-spesies ini telah disenaraikan sebagai haiwan yang terlindung sepenuhnya di bawah
Ordinan Perlindungan Hidupan Liar Sarawak (1998) dan disenaraikan sebagai spesies
yang terdedah kepada kepupusan oleh IUCN. Kajian ini telah dijalankan di Universiti Putra
Malaysia Kampus Bintulu Sarawak (UPMKB), dari Oktober 2014 hingga Mac 2015. Menerusi
persampelan tangkap-lepas yang meliputi kawasan seluas 37 ha hutan sekunder dan 7.13
ha hutan yang dipulihara, sebanyak 16 ekor kera hantu telah ditangkap menggunakan jaring
kabut manakala seekor kera hantu telah berjaya ditangkap semula. Kepadatan populasi
kera hantu yang ditangkap menggunakan jaring kabut di dalam hutan sekunder adalah
38 individu/km² manakala 28 individu/km² dicatatkan bagi hutan yang dipulihara. Dengan
menggunakan kaedah penangkapan per satu unit usaha (net-jam), masa purata bagi
seekor kera hantu ditangkap di dalam hutan sekunder adalah 26.6 jam/haiwan dan 30 jam/
haiwan di dalam hutan yang dipulihara. Keputusan membuktikan data mengenai kehadiran
kera hantu di dalam kedua-dua hutan sekunder dan hutan yang dipulihara terutamanya di
kampus UPMKB sekaligus menonjolkan nilai pemuliharaan kawasan hutan tersebut.

Matched MeSH terms: Brunei
Fulltext The determinants of total fertility rate in selected Asian countries: an empirical study using panel data

Asef Raiyan Hoque, Mohd Yusof Ibrahim, Mohammad Zahirul Hoque

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(106):18-18.
MyJurnal

Introduction: In recent years, the variation in total fertility rate (TFR) has sparked public interest for demographic concerns on the global population shift towards an older age structure. This study aims to investigate the determi-nants of total fertility rate among Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia and Philippines East Asian Growth Area (BIMP-EAGA) region. Methods: Our empirical study consists of data collected from the United Nations Development Report of the UNDP, World Development Indicators (WDI) of the World Bank and World Health Organization (WHO) report 2018. We investigated the socio-economic determinants of fertility rate by analyzing a panel data set consisting of 28 years from 1990-2017 of the four countries. A statistical and econometric software EViews version 10 (HIS Global Inc., Irvine, CA, USA) were used to run a Pearson’s Correlation and a multiple regression analysis by panel least squares method. To investigate the determinants of TFR we have selected five socio- economic factors, these are- Infant mortality rate (IMR), Gross National Income Per Capita, PPP (GNI), Human Development Index (HDI), percentage of population living in urban areas (URB) and lastly Female Labor Force Participation Rate (FLP). Results:Pearson’s correlation showed that a statistically significant negative relationship exists between TFR and the 3 vari-ables- GNI, URB and HDI. A statistically strong positive relationship exists between IMR and TFR. However, our results from the empirical multiple regression model indicates that there is a statistically significant negative relation-ship exists between TFR and two of the independent variables GNI and FLP. Conclusion: The results of present study showed that an increase in the national income and female labor participation rate in the workforce could result in a decrease in total fertility rate. These findings may have implications for countries national policy for planning, development and resource allocation.

Matched MeSH terms: Brunei
Fulltext The complete mitochondrial genome of Amyda cartilaginea (Testudines: Trionychidae)

Cui L, Rao D, Zhang M

Mitochondrial DNA B Resour, 2020 Nov 03;5(3):3670-3672.
PMID: 33367054 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2020.1832595

The Asiatic softshell turtle, also known as the black-rayed softshell turtle (Amyda cartilaginea; Accession no: MT039230), is found in northeastern India (Mizoram), Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Thailand. This turtle is thought to have been introduced into the Sunda Islands, Sulawesi, and Yunnan, China, through the Malay Peninsula to Sumatra, Java, and Borneo. Herein, we determined the complete mitochondrial genome of A. cartilaginea for the first time using next-generation sequencing (NGS). The assembled mitogenome was 16,763 bp in length and encoded 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, two ribosomal RNA genes (12S rRNA and 16S rRNA), and one control region (CR). The PCGs based maximum-likelihood phylogeny discriminated A. cartilaginea from other Testudines and clusters within family Trionychidae with the sister taxa of Nilssonia nigricans.

Matched MeSH terms: Brunei

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