Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 143 in total

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  1. Umar Hamzah, Abd. Rahim Samsudin
    Identification of a possible source of engineering geological hazard in the limestone area such as cavities, sinkholes and an underground cavern have become necessity for site investigation before any construction of roads, bridges and buildings are carried out. The study is also necessary for tunneling and underground mining works where knowledge of the engineering properties of the rock mass is very important in order to assess the suitability and safety of a proposed building. Geophysical techniques have been widely used in engineering geological study to deal with such problems that normally arise at construction sites with limestone bedrock. In this study, shallow seismic reflection technique and dipole-dipole geoelectrical methods were used to detect the presence of cavity in lime stone area of Batu Cave, Kuala Lumpur. The exact location and depth of cavities in the area were determined from the existing borehole data and report provided by the Geological Survey Department of Malaysia. Based on the borehole data, several cavities that were filled-up with water and fine silt are encountered at depths of 15.7m to 17.8m, 20.2m to 21.1m and 21.4m to 25.7m. Three shallow seismic reflection profiles were established on the cavity area and the results show that the cavities in the limestone occur in the form of 20 to 30m long subterranean channel of 15 to 30 m depth. Dipole-dipole resistivity survey conducted on seismic lines one and three also indicates the presence of the channel and cavities in the limestone.
    Pengecaman punca bencana geologi kejuruteraan di kawasan batu kapur seperti lohong batu kapur, kewujudan lubang benam dan gua-gua batu kapur telah menjadi amat penting dalam penyiasatan tapak sebelum sesuatu pembinaan seperti jalan raya, jambatan dan bangunan dilakukan. Begitu juga dalam kerja-kerja penerowongan dan perlombongan, pengetahuan asas sifat kejuruteraan jasad batuan amat perlu diketahui untuk menitai kesesuaian dan keselamatan bangunan yang bakal dibina. Teknik geofizik telah digunakan secara meluas dalam kajian geologi kejuruteraan untuk menangani masalah yang terdapat di tapak-tapak binaan yang mempunyai batu kapur sebagai batuan dasar. Dalam kajian ini teknik seismos pantulan cetek dan kaedah geoelektrik dwikutub-dwikutub telah digunakan untuk mengesan rongga batu kapur yang terdapat di kawasan Batu Caves, Kuala Lumpur. Kedudukan dan kedalaman rongga batu kapur di kawasan kajian telah ditentukan melalui data lubang gerudi dan laporan yang diperoleh daripada Jabatan Kajibumi Malaysia. Berdasarkan data lubang gerudi tersebut terdapat beberapa rongga yang terisi air dan pasir halus berlodak di kedalaman 15.7 m hingga 17.8 m, 20.2 m hingga 21.1 m dan 21.4 m hingga 25.7 m. Tiga profil seismos pantulan cetek telah dibuat di kawasan berongga tersebut dan hasil survei menunjukkan rongga dalam batu kapur tersebut membentuk palung sepanjang hampir 20 - 30 m pada kedalaman antara 15 m hingga 30 m. Rentisan survei geoelektrik dwikutub yang dilakukan pada profil seismos satu dan tiga juga memperlihatkan kehadiran lohong dan palung dalam batu kapur tersebut.
    Matched MeSH terms: Calcium Carbonate
  2. Idris SB, Abdul Kadir A, Abdullah JFF, Ramanoon SZ, Basit MA, Abubakar MZZA
    Front Vet Sci, 2020;7:270.
    PMID: 32613011 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00270
    The development and utilization of nano-antibiotics is currently gaining attention as a possible solution to antibiotic resistance. The aim of this study was therefore to determine the pharmacokinetics of free oxytetracycline (OTC) and oxytetracycline loaded cockle shell calcium carbonate-based nanoparticle (OTC-CNP) after a single dose of intraperitoneal (IP) administration in BALB/c mice. A total of 100 female BALB/c mice divided into two groups of equal number (n = 50) were administered with 10 mg/kg OTC and OTC-CNP, respectively. Blood samples were collected before and post-administration from both groups at time 0, 5, 10, 15, and 30 min and 1, 2, 6, 24, and 48 h, and OTC plasma concentration was quantified using a validated HPLC-UV method. The pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed using a non-compartment model. The Cmax values of OTC in OTC-CNP and free OTC treated group were 64.99 and 23.53 μg/ml, respectively. OTC was detected up to 24 h in the OTC-CNP group as against 1 h in the free OTC group following intraperitoneal administration. In the OTC-CNP group, the plasma elimination rate of OTC was slower while the half-life, the area under the curve, and the volume of the distribution were increased. In conclusion, the pharmacokinetic profile of OTC in the OTC-CNP group differs significantly from that of free OTC. However, further studies are necessary to determine the antibacterial efficacy of OTC-CNP for the treatment of bacterial diseases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Calcium Carbonate
  3. Shahmohammadi HR, Bakar J, Rahman RA, Adzhan NM
    J Food Sci, 2014 Feb;79(2):E178-83.
    PMID: 24410375 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12324
    To improve textural attributes of puffed corn-fish snack, the effects of 1%, 1.5%, and 2% of calcium carbonate, magnesium silicate (talc), sodium bicarbonate as well as 5% and 10% of wheat bran (as the nucleating materials) on textural attributes were studied. Sensory evaluation, bulk density, expansion ratio, maximum force, and count peaks were measured using the Kramer test. The results showed that all of the additives except bran significantly enhanced the texture. Among them, talc at 0.5% was the best to enhance the density and expansion ratio. Effects of using 0.5% talc on puffed corn-fish snack microstructure were studied using scanning electron microscopy. The average cell diameter of 109 ± 48 μm and cell numbers per square centimeter of 67.4 for talc-treated products were obtained, while for nontalc-treated extrudates, average cell diameter of 798 ± 361 μm and cell numbers per square centimeter of 13.9 were found. Incorporation of 0.5% w/w of magnesium silicate reduced (7-fold) the average cell diameter while increased (4-fold) the cell number.
    Matched MeSH terms: Calcium Carbonate/chemistry
  4. Rohaya Othman, Nasharuddin Isa, Sarani Zakaria, Chia CH, Ainun Zuriyati
    Precipitated calcium carbonate fillers were loaded into the lumen of bleached mixed tropical hardwood pulp using polyethylenimine (PEI) and alum. Our results indicated that the addition of (PEI) increased the degree of loading of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) into the lumen of fibers. The degree of loading also increased with the addition of alum together with PEI. The mechanical strengths of the produced lumen loaded paper increased with the addition of PEI and alum. Meanwhile the mechanical strength without alum had slightly increased the mechanical strengths of the paper. Electron micrographs revealed that the PCC fillers were successfully loaded into the lumen of the fibers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Calcium Carbonate
  5. Mahmood RI, Abbass AK, Razali N, Al-Saffar AZ, Al-Obaidi JR
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2021 Aug 01;184:636-647.
    PMID: 34174302 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.144
    The second most predominant cancer in the world and the first among women is breast cancer. We aimed to study the protein abundance profiles induced by lectin purified from the Agaricus bisporus mushroom (ABL) and conjugated with CaCO3NPs in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and orbitrap mass spectrometry techniques were used to reveal the protein abundance pattern induced by lectin. Flow cytometric analysis showed the accumulation of ABL-CaCO3NPs treated cells in the G1 phase than the positive control. Thirteen proteins were found different in their abundance in breast cancer cells after 24 h exposure to lectin conjugated with CaCO3NPs. Most of the identified proteins were showing a low abundance in ABL-CaCO3NPs treated cells in comparison to the positive and negative controls, including V-set and immunoglobulin domain, serum albumin, actin cytoplasmic 1, triosephosphate isomerase, tropomyosin alpha-4 chain, and endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP. Hornerin, tropomyosin alpha-1 chain, annexin A2, and protein disulfide-isomerase were up-regulated in comparison to the positive. Bioinformatic analyses revealed the regulation changes of these proteins mainly affected the pathways of 'Bcl-2-associated athanogene 2 signalling pathway', 'Unfolded protein response', 'Caveolar-mediated endocytosis signalling', 'Clathrin-mediated endocytosis signalling', 'Calcium signalling' and 'Sucrose degradation V', which are associated with breast cancer. We concluded that lectin altered the abundance in molecular chaperones/heat shock proteins, cytoskeletal, and metabolic proteins. Additionally, lectin induced a low abundance of MCF-7 cancer cell proteins in comparison to the positive and negative controls, including; V-set and immunoglobulin domain, serum albumin, actin cytoplasmic 1, triosephosphate isomerase, tropomyosin alpha-4 chain, and endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP.
    Matched MeSH terms: Calcium Carbonate/chemistry*
  6. Al-Ramahi R
    Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl, 2012 Mar;23(2):403-8.
    PMID: 22382249
    To determine the medication prescribing patterns in hospitalized patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in a Malaysian hospital, we prospectively studied a cohort of 600 patients in two phases with 300 patients in each phase. The first phase was carried out from the beginning of February to the end of May 2007, and the second phase was from the beginning of March to the end of June 2008. Patients with CKD who had an estimated creatinine clearance ≤ 50 mL/min and were older than 18 years were included. A data collection form was used to collect data from the patients' medical records and chart review. All systemic medications prescribed during hospitalization were included. The patients were prescribed 5795 medications. During the first phase, the patients were prescribed 2814 medication orders of 176 different medications. The prescriptions were 2981 of 158 medications during the second phase. The mean number of medications in the first and second phases was 9.38 ± 3.63 and 9.94 ± 3.78 respectively (P-value = 0.066). The top five used medications were calcium carbonate, folic acid/vitamin B complex, metoprolol, lovastatin, and ferrous sulfate. The most commonly used medication classes were mineral supplements, vitamins, antianemic preparations, antibacterials, and beta-blocking agents. This study provides an overview of prescription practice in a cohort of hospitalized CKD patients and indicates possible areas of improvement in prescription practice.
    Matched MeSH terms: Calcium Carbonate/therapeutic use
  7. Al-Salihi KA
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:200-1.
    PMID: 15468887
    In the present study, natural coral of porites species was used as scaffold combined with in vitro expanded bone marrow stem cell derived osteoblasts (BMSC-DO), to develop a tissue-engineered bone graft in a rat model. Coral was molded into the shape of rat mandible seeded with 5x10(6) /ml BMSC-DO subsequently implanted subcutaneously in the back of 5 week Sprague dawely rats for 3 months. Coral alone was implanted as a control. The implants were harvest and processed for gross inspection and histological observations. The results showed that newly bone grafts were successfully formed coral seeded with cells group showed smooth highly vascularized like bone tissue. Histological sections revealed mature bone formation and lots of blood vessel, the bone formation occurred in the manner resemble intramembraneous bone formation. This study demonstrates that coral can be use as a suitable scaffold material for delivering bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in tissue engineering.
    Matched MeSH terms: Calcium Carbonate*
  8. Kumar S, Thomas BS, Gupta K, Guddattu V, Alexander M
    Niger J Clin Pract, 2018 Aug;21(8):1029-1033.
    PMID: 30074006 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_341_17
    Aim and objectives: The aim and the objectives were. (1) to assess the efficacy of a desensitizing toothpaste containing 8.0% arginine-calcium carbonate (Colgate® Sensitive Pro-Relief™), (2) to assess the efficacy of a desensitizing toothpaste containing 8.0% arginine-calcium carbonate (Colgate® Sensitive Pro-Relief™) used in combination with iontophoresis, and (3) to compare the effectiveness of the above methods.

    Subjects and Methods: Two groups of 40 patients each having dentinal hypersensitivity were treated using 8% proarginine and iontophoresis. The patients were recalled after 1, 2, and 4 weeks. The scores were tabulated and the results were analyzed using SPSS statistical software.

    Results: Visual analog scale between the two groups showed a significant difference from the 1st week till the 4th week. ANOVA values showed the reduction in the dentinal hypersensitivity in Group 2 using the iontophoresis along with the 8.0% arginine-calcium carbonate toothpaste. The Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel correlation test of the Schiff's dentinal hypersensitivity cross-tabulation showed P < 0.001 which was statistically significant reduction after the 4th week following the application of 8.0% arginine-calcium carbonate along with iontophoresis.

    Conclusion: Iontophoresis, when used along with Colgate® Sensitive Pro-Relief™ toothpaste, can provide additional benefit as this provides a better sealing effect.

    Matched MeSH terms: Calcium Carbonate/therapeutic use*
  9. Nor Shafizah I, Irmawati R, Omar H, Yahaya M, Alia Aina A
    Food Chem, 2022 Mar 30;373(Pt B):131668.
    PMID: 34848088 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131668
    In this study, potassium oxide supported on dolomite adsorbent was used as an adsorbent for free fatty acids (FFAs) treatment in crude palm oil (CPO). The characteristics of the adsorbent were determined by TGA, XRD, SEM, BET and TPD-CO2. Taguchi method was utilized for experimental design and optimum condition determination. There were four parameters and three levels involved in this study: time (30, 60, 90 min), stirring rate (300, 500, 700 rpm), adsorbent dosage (1, 3, 5 wt%) and K2O concentration (5, 10, 15 wt%). The adsorbent had a larger pore size, higher basic strength, and more basic sites in greater efficiency (63%) in FFAs removal from CPO. The optimum conditions were at 30 min time, 700 rpm stirring rate, 5 wt% adsorbent dosage and 15 wt% K2O concentration. Taguchi method simplified determination of experimental parameters and minimized the operating costs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Calcium Carbonate
  10. Aziz HA, Adlan MN, Zahari MS, Alias S
    Waste Manag Res, 2004 Oct;22(5):371-5.
    PMID: 15560441
    The presence of ammoniacal nitrogen (N-NH3) in leachate is one of the problems normally faced by landfill operators. Slow leaching of wastes producing nitrogen and no significant mechanism for transformation of N-NH3 in the landfills causes a high concentration of ammoniacal nitrogen in leachate over a long period of time. A literature review showed that the removal of ammoniacal nitrogen from leachate was not well documented and to date, there were limited studies in Malaysia on this aspect, especially in adsorption treatment. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the suitability of activated carbon, limestone and a mixture of both materials as a filtering medium, in combination with other treatments capable of attenuating ammoniacal nitrogen which is present in significant quantity (between 429 and 1909 mg L(-1)) in one of the landfill sites in Malaysia. The results of the study show that about 40% of ammoniacal nitrogen with concentration of more than 1000 mg L(-1) could be removed either by activated carbon or a mixture of carbon with limestone at mixture ratio of 5:35. This result shows that limestone is potentially useful as a cost-effective medium to replace activated carbon for ammoniacal nitrogen removal at a considerably lower cost.
    Matched MeSH terms: Calcium Carbonate/chemistry
  11. Aziz HA, Yusoff MS, Adlan MN, Adnan NH, Alias S
    Waste Manag, 2004;24(4):353-8.
    PMID: 15081062
    Limestone has been proven effective in removing metals from water and wastewater. A literature review indicated that limestone is capable of removing heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, Fe and Mn are through a batch process or by filtration technique. The removal capability is reported at up to 90%. However, to date most of the studies have been focused on synthetic wastewater. The present study attempts to investigate the suitability of limestone to attenuate total iron (Fe) from semi aerobic leachate at Pulau Burung Landfill Site in Penang, Malaysia. Iron was found in significant quantities at the landfill site. The study also aims to establish the Fe isotherm and breakthrough time of the proposed limestone filter for post-treatment to the migrating landfill leachate before its release to the environment. The Fe isotherms were established using a batch equilibrium test, while the breakthrough characteristics were determined using continuous flow permeating through a limestone column. The latter was used in order to simulate the continuous flow of leachate that would occur in the proposed limestone filter. The limestone media used in the experiment contain more than 90% CaCO3 with particle sizes ranging from 2 to 4 mm. Four filter columns (each 150 mm in diameter and 1000 mm depth) were installed at the landfill site. Metal loadings were kept below 0.5 kg /m3 day and the experiment was run continuously for 30 days. Initial results indicated that 90% of Fe can be removed from the leachate based on retention time of 57.8 min and surface loading of 12.2 m3/m2 day. For the batch study on the Fe isotherm, the results indicated that limestone is potentially useful as an alternative leachate treatment system at a relatively low cost.
    Matched MeSH terms: Calcium Carbonate/chemistry*
  12. Goh BL, Soraya A, Goh A, Ang KL
    Int J Nephrol, 2018;2018:2138528.
    PMID: 30327732 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2138528
    Background: Hyperphosphatemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients is often treated with calcium carbonate (CaCO3) despite the fact that CaCO3 is associated with increased calcium load and potentially increased cardiovascular risk. Alternative treatments with noncalcium-based phosphate binders do not increase the calcium load but are more costly. This study analyzes the cost-effectiveness of sevelamer versus CaCO3 for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in stage III-V predialysis CKD patients in Malaysia.

    Methods: A Markov decision model was adapted to simulate a hypothetical cohort of CKD patients requiring treatment for hyperphosphatemia. Survival was estimated by using efficacy data from the INDEPENDENT-CKD clinical trial. Cost data was obtained from Malaysian studies while health state utilities were derived from literature. Analysis was performed over lifetime duration from the perspective of the Ministry of Health Malaysia with 2013 as reference year.

    Results: In the base case analysis, sevelamer treatment gained 6.37 life years (5.27 QALY) compared to 4.25 life years (3.54 QALY) with CaCO3. At 3% discount, lifetime costs were RM159,901 ($48,750) and RM77,139 ($23,518) on sevelamer and CaCO3, respectively. Incremental cost-effectiveness (ICER) of sevelamer versus CaCO3 was RM47,679 ($14,536) per QALY, which is less than the WHO threshold of three times GDP per capita (RM99,395) per QALY. Sensitivity analyses, both using scenario sensitivity analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis, showed the result to be robust.

    Conclusions: Our study finds that sevelamer is potentially cost-effective compared to CaCO3, for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in predialysis CKD III-V. We propose that sevelamer should be an option in the treatment of Malaysian predialysis patients with hyperphosphatemia, particularly those with high calcium load.

    Matched MeSH terms: Calcium Carbonate
  13. Hussain S, Aziz HA, Isa MH, Adlan MN, Asaari FA
    Bioresour Technol, 2007 Mar;98(4):874-80.
    PMID: 16716587
    The purpose of the present study was to examine the removal of ammoniacal nitrogen (NH4-N) from synthetic wastewater using limestone (LS) and granular activated carbon (GAC) mixture as low cost adsorbent. In batch study, optimum shaking and settling times were 150 and 120 min, respectively. The LS-GAC mixture ratio of 25:15 removed about 58% NH4-N. The smaller particle size of medium yielded higher adsorption capacity. The equilibrium adsorption data followed the Freundlich isotherm (R2 > 0.98) but it showed weak bond. Adsorption kinetics were well described by the pseudo second-order rate model (R2 > 0.93). The upflow column showed that higher flow rate and initial concentration resulted in shorter column saturation time. The study showed that the usage of GAC could be reduced by combining GAC with LS for the removal of NH4-N from wastewater; thus reducing the cost of treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Calcium Carbonate*
  14. Fadilah A, Zuki AB, Loqman MY, Zamri-Saad M, Norimah Y, Asnah H
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:178-9.
    PMID: 15468876
    The study was carried out to evaluate macroscopically the ability of coral to repair a large size bone defect. A total 12 adult, male sheep were used in the study. The large bone defect (2.5cm x 0.5cm x 0.5cm) was created surgically on the left proximal femur and replaced by a block of coral (Porites sp.). Radiographs were obtained immediately after surgery and at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks post-implantation. Ultrasonographic examinations were carried out every 2 weeks after implantation up to 12 weeks using ultrasound machine (TOSHIBA Capasee II) connected with 7MHz frequency transducer. The sheep were euthanased at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks post-implantation and the bone examined grossly. Both ultrasonographs and radiographs taken at 8 and 12 weeks showed that the implants had been resorbed and left the space that much reduced in size. There was no sign of implant rejection observed in all animals. The results showed that processed coral has potential to become bone substitute for reconstructive bone surgery.
    Matched MeSH terms: Calcium Carbonate/analysis*
  15. Fadilah A, Zuki AB, Loqman MY, Zamri-Saad M, Al-Salihi KA, Norimah Y, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:127-8.
    PMID: 15468851
    The study was carried out with the aim to evaluate natural coral (Porites spp.) implanted in sheep femur microscopically. Twelve adult, male sheep were used in this study. The defect area was implanted with coral and monitored for up to 12 weeks. The sheep were euthanased at 2,4,8, and 12 weeks post-implantation. Microscopically, natural coral implanted into bone tissue have shown gradual resorption and progressively replaced by new bone. At 12 weeks post-implantation, the implanted site was almost completely surrounded by mature bone. The results showed that natural coral was found to be a biodegradable and osteo-conductive biomaterial, which acted as a scaffold for a direct osteoblastic apposition.
    Matched MeSH terms: Calcium Carbonate*
  16. Azimi EA, Abdullah MMAB, Vizureanu P, Salleh MAAM, Sandu AV, Chaiprapa J, et al.
    Materials (Basel), 2020 Feb 24;13(4).
    PMID: 32102345 DOI: 10.3390/ma13041015
    A geopolymer has been reckoned as a rising technology with huge potential for application across the globe. Dolomite refers to a material that can be used raw in producing geopolymers. Nevertheless, dolomite has slow strength development due to its low reactivity as a geopolymer. In this study, dolomite/fly ash (DFA) geopolymer composites were produced with dolomite, fly ash, sodium hydroxide, and liquid sodium silicate. A compression test was carried out on DFA geopolymers to determine the strength of the composite, while a synchrotron Micro-Xray Fluorescence (Micro-XRF) test was performed to assess the elemental distribution in the geopolymer composite. The temperature applied in this study generated promising properties of DFA geopolymers, especially in strength, which displayed increments up to 74.48 MPa as the optimum value. Heat seemed to enhance the strength development of DFA geopolymer composites. The elemental distribution analysis revealed exceptional outcomes for the composites, particularly exposure up to 400 °C, which signified the homogeneity of the DFA composites. Temperatures exceeding 400 °C accelerated the strength development, thus increasing the strength of the DFA composites. This appears to be unique because the strength of ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and other geopolymers composed of other raw materials is typically either maintained or decreases due to increased heat.
    Matched MeSH terms: Calcium Carbonate
  17. Anis S, Zainal ZA, Bakar MZ
    Bioresour Technol, 2013 May;136:117-25.
    PMID: 23567671 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.02.049
    A new effective RF tar thermocatalytic treatment process with low energy intensive has been proposed to remove tar from biomass gasification. Toluene and naphthalene as biomass tar model compounds were removed via both thermal and catalytic treatment over a wide temperature range from 850 °C to 1200 °C and 450 °C to 900 °C, respectively at residence time of 0-0.7 s. Thermal characteristics of the new technique are also described in this paper. This study clearly clarified that toluene was much easier to be removed than naphthalene. Soot was found as the final product of thermal treatment of the tar model and completely removed during catalytic treatment. Radical reactions generated by RF non-thermal effect improve the tar removal. The study showed that Y-zeolite has better catalytic activity compared to dolomite on toluene and naphthalene removal due to its acidic nature and large surface area, even at lower reaction temperature of about 550 °C.
    Matched MeSH terms: Calcium Carbonate/chemistry
  18. Hamidu A, Mokrish A, Mansor R, Razak ISA, Danmaigoro A, Jaji AZ, et al.
    Int J Nanomedicine, 2019;14:3615-3627.
    PMID: 31190815 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S190830
    Purpose: Modified top-down procedure was successfully employed in the synthesis of aragonite nanoparticles (NPs) from cheaply available natural seawater cockle shells. This was with the aim of developing a pH-sensitive nano-carrier for effective delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) on MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Methods: The shells were cleaned with banana pelts, ground using a mortar and pestle, and stirred vigorously on a rotary pulverizing blending machine in dodecyl dimethyl betane solution. This simple procedure avoids the use of stringent temperatures and unsafe chemicals associated with NP production. The synthesized NPs were loaded with DOX to form DOX-NPs. The free and DOX-loaded NPs were characterized for physicochemical properties using field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, zeta potential analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The release profile, cytotoxicity, and cell uptake were evaluated. Results: NPs had an average diameter of 35.50 nm, 19.3% loading content, 97% encapsulation efficiency, and a surface potential and intensity of 19.1±3.9 mV and 100%, respectively. A slow and sustained pH-specific controlled discharge profile of DOX from DOX-NPs was observed, clearly showing apoptosis/necrosis induced by DOX-NPs through endocytosis. The DOX-NPs had IC50 values 1.829, 0.902, and 1.0377 µg/mL at 24, 48, and 72 hrs, while those of DOX alone were 0.475, 0.2483, and 0.0723 µg/mL, respectively. However, even at higher concentration, no apparent toxicity was observed with the NPs, revealing their compatibility with MCF-7 cells with a viability of 92%. Conclusions: The modified method of NPs synthesis suggests the tremendous potential of the NPs as pH-sensitive nano-carriers in cancer management because of their pH targeting ability toward cancerous cells.
    Matched MeSH terms: Calcium Carbonate/chemistry
  19. Irzaman, Jamal, Z., Idris, M.S., Kurnia, D., Barmawi, M.
    MyJurnal
    The specimens used were CaCO3 (Sigma Aldrich, purity 99.9 %). We have 23 parameters and 20 iterations, including two theta zero error, scale factor, thermal effect, coefficients for polynomial describing the background; U, V, W and mixing parameters of the profile peak function, lattice constants, positional parameters and overall isotropic temperature factors. Most the samples show that the crystal structure are rhombohedral with lattice constants a = b = 4.981 Å, c = 17.044 Å and space group is R3C. The microstrain (K) and the particle size (V) of CaCO3 ceramic were calculated using 10 the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of diffraction peaks from (0 1 2), (1 0 4), (0 0 6), (1 1 0), (1 1 3), (2 0 2), (0 1 8), (1 1 6), (2 2 1 ), (1 2 2) crystal planes are 2.1 x 10-2 and
    362 nm, respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Calcium Carbonate
  20. Rahman MNIA, Jeofry H, Basarian MS
    Data Brief, 2020 Oct;32:106194.
    PMID: 32904202 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.106194
    The survey data on potential aquifer was collected at two sites located in Banggi Island (i.e. Laksian Primary School [LPS] and Padang Primary School [PPS]), Malaysia on 25 and 26 April 2013. Both locations are geologically surrounded by various types of lithologies, namely, sandstone, mudstone, siltstone, shale, chert, conglomerate, lignite, tuff, limestone, terrace sand, gravel and coral. The resistivity data consisted of six-line pole-dipole short arrays and were recorded in-situ using SAS 4000 ABEM Lund Imaging System, together with a relay switching unit (Electrode Selector ES 464), six multiconductor cables, steel rod electrodes and jumpers. The data, namely electrode spacing, depth of investigation, subsurface resistivity, type of material and horizontal data coverage were used to assess the characteristics of the potential aquifer. The recorded data were then processed using RES2DINV software to obtain 2-D inversion model of the subsurface. The data were also equipped with six models of inverse resistivity section for both areas. The data obtained can be used by the government and stakeholders for groundwater exploration and extraction in order to provide water supplies for local communities, especially since access to these resources from the surrounding water treatment plants on the island is limited.
    Matched MeSH terms: Calcium Carbonate
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