Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 161 in total

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  1. Gumel AM, Annuar MS, Chisti Y
    Ultrason Sonochem, 2013 May;20(3):937-47.
    PMID: 23231942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2012.09.015
    Four different lipases were compared for ultrasound-mediated synthesis of the biodegradable copolymer poly-4-hydroxybutyrate-co-6-hydroxyhexanoate. The copolymerization was carried out in chloroform. Of the enzymes tested, Novozym 435 exhibited the highest copolymerization rate, in fact the reaction rate was observed to increase with about 26-fold from 30 to 50°C (7.9×10(-3)Ms(-1)), sonic power intensity of 2.6×10(3)Wm(-2) and dissipated energy of 130.4Jml(-1). Copolymerization rates with the Candida antarctica lipase A, Candida rugosa lipase, and Lecitase Ultra™ were lower at 2.4×10(-4), 1.3×10(-4) and 3.5×10(-4)Ms(-1), respectively. The catalytic efficiency depended on the enzyme. The efficiency ranged from 4.15×10(-3)s(-1)M(-1) for Novozym 435-1.48×10(-3)s(-1)M(-1) for C. rugosa lipase. Depending on the enzyme and sonication intensity, the monomer conversion ranged from 8.2% to 48.5%. The sonication power, time and temperature were found to affect the rate of copolymerization. Increasing sonication power intensity from 1.9×10(3) to 4.5×10(3)Wm(-2) resulted in an increased in acoustic pressure (P(a)) from 3.7×10(8) to 5.7×10(8)Nm(-2) almost 2.4-3.7 times greater than the acoustic pressure (1.5×10(8)Nm(-2)) that is required to cause cavitation in water. A corresponding acoustic particle acceleration (a) of 9.6×10(3)-1.5×10(4)ms(-2) was calculated i.e. approximately 984-1500 times greater than under the action of gravity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Calorimetry, Differential Scanning
  2. Azmi NA, Idris A, Yusof NSM
    Ultrason Sonochem, 2018 Oct;47:99-107.
    PMID: 29908610 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.04.016
    Feather keratin is a biomass generated in excess from various livestock industries. With appropriate processing, it holds potential as a green source for degradable biopolymer that could potentially replace current fossil fuel based materials. Several processing methods have been developed, but the use of ultrasonication has not been explored. In this study, we focus on (i) comparing and optimizing the dissolution process of turkey feather keratin through sonication and conventional processes, and (ii) generating a biodegradable polymer material, as a value added product, from the dissolved keratin that could be used in packaging and other applications. Sonication of feather keratin in pure ionic liquids (ILs) and a mixture containing ILs and different co-solvents was conducted under different applied acoustic power levels. It was found that ultrasonic irradiation significantly improved the rate of dissolution of feather keratin as compared to the conventional method, from about 2 h to less than 20 min. The amount of ILs needed was also reduced by introducing a suitable co-solvent. The keratin was then regenerated, analyzed and characterized using various methods. This material holds the potential to be reused in various appliances.
    Matched MeSH terms: Calorimetry, Differential Scanning
  3. Sergeev A, Shilkina N, Motyakin M, Barashkova I, Zaborova V, Kanina K, et al.
    Ultrason Sonochem, 2021 Oct;78:105751.
    PMID: 34534797 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105751
    Methods of NMR relaxation and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to study the crystallization of anhydrous milk fat (AMF) obtained from milk and subjected to ultrasonic (US) processing. Amongst the changes in the crystallization nature under the influence of ultrasound are the decrease in the crystallization temperature and the increase in the melting enthalpy of the anhydrous milk fat samples. The increase is ∼30% at 20 min of isothermal crystallization and is presumably explained by the additional formation of β'-form crystals from the melt. The parameters of the Avrami equation applied to the description of experimental data show an increase in the crystallization rate in samples with ultrasonic treatment and a change in the dimension of crystallization with a change in melting temperature.
    Matched MeSH terms: Calorimetry, Differential Scanning
  4. Hoque ME, San WY, Wei F, Li S, Huang MH, Vert M, et al.
    Tissue Eng Part A, 2009 Oct;15(10):3013-24.
    PMID: 19331580 DOI: 10.1089/ten.TEA.2008.0355
    Synthetic polymers have attracted much attention in tissue engineering due to their ability to modulate biomechanical properties. This study investigated the feasibility of processing poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) homopolymer, PCL-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) diblock, and PCL-PEG-PCL triblock copolymers into three-dimensional porous scaffolds. Properties of the various polymers were investigated by dynamic thermal analysis. The scaffolds were manufactured using the desktop robot-based rapid prototyping technique. Gross morphology and internal three-dimensional structure of scaffolds were identified by scanning electron microscopy and micro-computed tomography, which showed excellent fusion at the filament junctions, high uniformity, and complete interconnectivity of pore networks. The influences of process parameters on scaffolds' morphological and mechanical characteristics were studied. Data confirmed that the process parameters directly influenced the pore size, porosity, and, consequently, the mechanical properties of the scaffolds. The in vitro cell culture study was performed to investigate the influence of polymer nature and scaffold architecture on the adhesion of the cells onto the scaffolds using rabbit smooth muscle cells. Light, scanning electron, and confocal laser microscopy showed cell adhesion, proliferation, and extracellular matrix formation on the surface as well as inside the structure of both scaffold groups. The completely interconnected and highly regular honeycomb-like pore morphology supported bridging of the pores via cell-to-cell contact as well as production of extracellular matrix at later time points. The results indicated that the incorporation of hydrophilic PEG into hydrophobic PCL enhanced the overall hydrophilicity and cell culture performance of PCL-PEG copolymer. However, the scaffold architecture did not significantly influence the cell culture performance in this study.
    Matched MeSH terms: Calorimetry, Differential Scanning
  5. Bonthagarala B, Dasari V, Kotra V
    Ther Deliv, 2019 May 01;10(5):295-310.
    PMID: 31094300 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2019-0020
    Aim: The present study revolved around determining the effect of increase in the solubility of these drugs at the absorption site using ritonavir as a drug model. Materials & methods: Ritonavir per-oral tablets were prepared using versatile and nonionic surfactants having high solubilization rate, which were further marked with high rate of dissolution. The high rate of dissolution formula applied to the solid state characterization by means of transition electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. Results & conclusion: The drug bioavailability was seen to increase expressively by administration of liquisolid tablets as compared with conventional tablets.
    Matched MeSH terms: Calorimetry, Differential Scanning
  6. Mohamed SH, Arifin A, Mohd Ishak ZA, Nizam A, Samsudin AR
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:147-8.
    PMID: 15468861
    The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanical properties and glass transition temperature (Tg) of a denture base material prepared from high molecular weight poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) and alumina (Al2O3). The glass transition temperature was studied by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The effect of powder-to-liquid ratio was investigated. The result showed that the tensile properties and the Tg were slightly effected by the powder-to-liquid ratio. The ratio of 2.2:1 by weight of powder to liquid was found to be the best ratio for mixing the material to give the best result in this formulation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Calorimetry, Differential Scanning*
  7. Mohamed SH, Arifin A, Mohd Ishak ZA, Nizam A, Samsudin AR
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:25-6.
    PMID: 15468801
    The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of powder-to-liquid ratio on the glass transition temperature (Tg) and the tensile properties of denture base material prepared from poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and hydroxyapatite (HA) previously treated with 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl methacrylate (gamma-MPS). Specimens for mechanical testing were prepared by adding composites powder (PMMA, BPO and HA) to the monomer (MMA and EGDMA) followed by hand mixing as in dental laboratory description usage. The glass transition temperature was studied by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It was observed that the tensile properties and the Tg were affected by the powder-to-liquid ratio. The mechanical characterization of the materials were performed by using single edge notch-tension (SEN-T) specimens; the fracture toughness was slightly higher in formulation which contained HA filler compared to commercial denture base material.
    Matched MeSH terms: Calorimetry, Differential Scanning
  8. Lim AW, Löbmann K, Grohganz H, Rades T, Chieng N
    J Pharm Pharmacol, 2016 Jan;68(1):36-45.
    PMID: 26663364 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12494
    The objective was to characterize the structural behaviour of indomethacin-cimetidine and naproxen-cimetidine co-amorphous systems (1 : 1 molar ratio) prepared by quench cooling, co-evaporation and ball milling.
    Matched MeSH terms: Calorimetry, Differential Scanning
  9. Woo HJ, Arof AK
    PMID: 26945998 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.02.034
    A flexible solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) system based on poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), a FDA approved non-toxic and biodegradable material in the effort to lower environmental impact was prepared. Ammonium thiocyanate (NH4SCN) and ethylene carbonate (EC) were incorporated as the source of charge carriers and plasticizing agent, respectively. When 50wt.% of ethylene carbonate (EC) was added to PCL-NH4SCN system, the conductivity increased by two orders from of 3.94×10(-7)Scm(-1) to 3.82×10(-5)Scm(-1). Molecular vibrational analysis via infrared spectroscopy had been carried out to study the interaction between EC, PCL and NH4SCN. The relative percentage of free ions, ion pairs and ion aggregates was calculated quantitatively by deconvoluting the SCN(-) stretching mode (2030-2090cm(-1)). This study provides fundamental insight on how EC influences the free ion dissociation rate and ion mobility. The findings are also in good agreement to conductivity, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction results. High dielectric constant value (89.8) of EC had made it an effective ion dissociation agent to dissociate both ion pairs and ion aggregates, thus contributing to higher number density of free ions. The incorporation of EC had made the polymer chains more flexible in expanding amorphous domain. This will facilitate the coupling synergy between ionic motion and polymer segmental motion. Possible new pathway through EC-NH4(+) complex sites for ions to migrate with shorter distance has been anticipated. This implies an easier ion migration route from one complex site to another.
    Matched MeSH terms: Calorimetry, Differential Scanning
  10. Khanmirzaei MH, Ramesh S, Ramesh K
    Sci Rep, 2015;5:18056.
    PMID: 26659087 DOI: 10.1038/srep18056
    Gel polymer electrolytes using imidazolium based ionic liquids have attracted much attention in dye-sensitized solar cell applications. Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), sodium iodide (NaI), 1-methyl-3-propylimidazolium iodide (MPII) as ionic liquid (IL), ethylene carbonate (EC) and propylene carbonate (PC) are used for preparation of non-volatile gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) system (HPC:EC:PC:NaI:MPII) for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) applications. The highest ionic conductivity of 7.37 × 10(-3) S cm(-1) is achieved after introducing 100% of MPII with respect to the weight of HPC. Temperature-dependent ionic conductivity of gel polymer electrolytes is studied in this work. XRD patterns of gel polymer electrolytes are studied to confirm complexation between HPC polymer, NaI and MPII. Thermal behavior of the GPEs is studied using simultaneous thermal analyzer (STA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). DSSCs are fabricated using gel polymer electrolytes and J-V centeracteristics of fabricated dye sensitized solar cells were analyzed. The gel polymer electrolyte with 100 wt.% of MPII ionic liquid shows the best performance and energy conversion efficiency of 5.79%, with short-circuit current density, open-circuit voltage and fill factor of 13.73 mA cm(-2), 610 mV and 69.1%, respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Calorimetry, Differential Scanning
  11. Acquah C, Chan YW, Pan S, Yon LS, Ongkudon CM, Guo H, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2019 10 10;9(1):14501.
    PMID: 31601836 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50862-1
    Immobilisation of aptameric ligands on solid stationary supports for effective binding of target molecules requires understanding of the relationship between aptamer-polymer interactions and the conditions governing the mass transfer of the binding process. Herein, key process parameters affecting the molecular anchoring of a thrombin-binding aptamer (TBA) onto polymethacrylate monolith pore surface, and the binding characteristics of the resulting macroporous aptasensor were investigated. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the TBA-thrombin binding indicated enhanced Guanine 4 (G4) structural stability of TBA upon interaction with thrombin in an ionic environment. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analyses were used to characterise the available functional groups and thermo-molecular stability of the immobilised polymer generated with Schiff-base activation and immobilisation scheme. The initial degradation temperature of the polymethacrylate stationary support increased with each step of the Schiff-base process: poly(Ethylene glycol Dimethacrylate-co-Glycidyl methacrylate) or poly(EDMA-co-GMA) [196.0 °C (±1.8)]; poly(EDMA-co-GMA)-Ethylenediamine [235.9 °C (±6.1)]; poly(EDMA-co-GMA)-Ethylenediamine-Glutaraldehyde [255.4 °C (±2.7)]; and aptamer-modified monolith [273.7 °C (±2.5)]. These initial temperature increments reflected in the associated endothermic energies were determined with differential scanning calorimetry. The aptameric ligand density obtained after immobilisation was 480 pmol/μL. Increase in pH and ionic concentration affected the surface charge distribution and the binding characteristics of the aptamer-modified disk-monoliths, resulting in the optimum binding pH and ionic concentration of 8.0 and 5 mM Mg2+, respectively. These results are critical in understanding and setting parametric constraints indispensable to develop and enhance the performance of aptasensors.
    Matched MeSH terms: Calorimetry, Differential Scanning
  12. Yaradoddi JS, Banapurmath NR, Ganachari SV, Soudagar MEM, Mubarak NM, Hallad S, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2020 12 15;10(1):21960.
    PMID: 33319818 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78912-z
    The main goal of the present work was to develop a value-added product of biodegradable material for sustainable packaging. The use of agriculture waste-derived carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) mainly is to reduce the cost involved in the development of the film, at present commercially available CMS is costly. The main focus of the research is to translate the agricultural waste-derived CMC to useful biodegradable polymer suitable for packaging material. During this process CMC was extracted from the agricultural waste mainly sugar cane bagasse and the blends were prepared using CMC (waste derived), gelatin, agar and varied concentrations of glycerol; 1.5% (sample A), 2% (sample B), and 2.5% (sample C) was added. Thus, the film derived from the sample C (gelatin + CMC + agar) with 2.0% glycerol as a plasticizer exhibited excellent properties than other samples A and B. The physiochemical properties of each developed biodegradable plastics (sample A, B, C) were characterized using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The swelling test, solubility in different solvents, oil permeability coefficient, water permeability (WP), mechanical strength of the produced material was claimed to be a good material for packaging and meanwhile its biodegradability (soil burial method) indicated their environmental compatibility nature and commercial properties. The reflected work is a novel approach, and which is vital in the conversion of organic waste to value-added product development. There is also another way to utilize commercial CMC in preparation of polymeric blends for the packaging material, which can save considerable time involved in the recovery of CMC from sugarcane bagasse.
    Matched MeSH terms: Calorimetry, Differential Scanning
  13. Chia JY, Tan WS, Ng CL, Hu NJ, Foo HL, Ho KL
    Sci Rep, 2016 08 09;6:31210.
    PMID: 27502833 DOI: 10.1038/srep31210
    DNA methylation in a CpG context can be recognised by methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) via its methyl-CpG binding domain (MBD). An A/T run next to a methyl-CpG maximises the binding of MeCP2 to the methylated DNA. The A/T run characteristics are reported here with an X-ray structure of MBD A140V in complex with methylated DNA. The A/T run geometry was found to be strongly stabilised by a string of conserved water molecules regardless of its flanking nucleotide sequences, DNA methylation and bound MBD. New water molecules were found to stabilise the Rett syndrome-related E137, whose carboxylate group is salt bridged to R133. A structural comparison showed no difference between the wild type and MBD A140V. However, differential scanning calorimetry showed that the melting temperature of A140V constructs in complex with methylated DNA was reduced by ~7 °C, although circular dichroism showed no changes in the secondary structure content for A140V. A band shift analysis demonstrated that the larger fragment of MeCP2 (A140V) containing the transcriptional repression domain (TRD) destabilises the DNA binding. These results suggest that the solution structure of MBD A140V may differ from the wild-type MBD although no changes in the biochemical properties of X-ray A140V were observed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Calorimetry, Differential Scanning
  14. Normah Ismail, Nurul Asyiraf Abdul Jabar
    Scientific Research Journal, 2012;9(1):29-42.
    MyJurnal
    Collagen was extracted from catfish (Clarias gariepnus) waste using 0.5M acetic acid and its subsequent precipitation in 2.6M NaCl. The resultant collagen was analysed with respect to its moisture content and physicochemical properties including yield, pH, protein content, colour, odour and thermal stability. A yield of 16.4% and positive collagen attributes indicate that catfish waste has potential as a collagen source. The snowy white, crystal-like and light textured collagen comprises of 5.97% protein and 0.46% moisture, and exhibits a pH of 4.75. Sensory evaluation indicates that the collagen has a slight fishy odour. Viscosity analysis indicates a steady decrease with increasing temperature over the range considered (20-50°C). The pale colour exhibited and limited odour emitted by the extracted collagen indicate that catfish waste collagen could be applied in the food industry without resulting in any undesirable food products attributes. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis indicated that the collagen exhibits good thermal stability and denatures at a high temperature in a similar manner to mammalian collagen.
    Matched MeSH terms: Calorimetry, Differential Scanning
  15. Lyn Heng JJ, Teng JH, Saravanan M, Pushpamalar J
    Sci Pharm, 2018 Jun 05;86(2).
    PMID: 29874858 DOI: 10.3390/scipharm86020024
    The purpose behind the work was to fabricate alginate beads with better drug loading and extended drug release. Ispaghula was used to enhance the drug loading while zein was employed to extend the drug release. Ibuprofen was employed as a model drug in this study. Ibuprofen-loaded alginate beads with and without ispaghula were prepared using vibration technology and coated with zein. The beads prepared with alginate alone were shown to have loading and entrapment efficiencies of 35% and 70% w/w, respectively. Addition of ispaghula in alginate showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the drug loading (42% w/w) and entrapment efficiency (84% w/w). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of ispaghula and zein coating in the alginate beads as well as the ibuprofen loading. Scanning electron microscopy revealed better spherical geometry in the beads with ispaghula. The surface morphology of the uncoated beads was rough due to crystalline and surface drug. The zein coating has produced a smoother surface and particle adhesion. Differential scanning calorimetry has shown a reduction in drug crystallinity. Alginate beads extended the drug release for 4 h and the presence of zein extended the release for 6 h.
    Matched MeSH terms: Calorimetry, Differential Scanning
  16. Mat Uzir Wahi, Azman Hassan, Akos Noel Ibrahim, Nurhayati Ahmad Zawawi, Kunasegeran K
    Sains Malaysiana, 2015;44:1615-1623.
    Polylactic acid (PLA)/Epoxidized natural rubber (ENR-50) blends were prepared by melt extrusion followed by injection
    molding to fabricate the test samples. The effect of ENR-50 loadings on the morphological, mechanical, chemical
    resistance and water absorption properties of the blends were studied using standard methods. The toughness of the
    blend improved with ENR loading up to 20 wt. % but flexural and tensile strength decreased. The balanced mechanical
    properties were obtained at 20 wt. % ENR-50 loading. SEM showed good distribution and increased ENR particle size
    as ENR content increased from 10 to 30 wt. %. The differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) showed a steady drop in
    crystallization temperature (Tc
    ) as ENR content increases while the glass transition temperature (Tg
    ) remained unchanged.
    Water absorption was observed to increase with ENR loadings. Increase in ENR content was also observed to reduce the
    chemical resistance of the blends.
    Matched MeSH terms: Calorimetry, Differential Scanning
  17. Mohd Cairul Iqbal Mohd Amin, Abadi Gumah Abadi, Naveed Ahmad, Haliza Katas, Jamia Azdina Jamal
    Sains Malaysiana, 2012;41:561-568.
    There has been an increasing interest in the use of natural materials as drug delivery vehicles due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility and ready availability. These properties make bacterial cellulose (BC), from nata de coco, a promising biopolymer for drug delivery applications. The aim of this study was to investigate the film-coating and drug release properties of this biopolymer. Physicochemical, morphological and thermal properties of BC films were studied. Model tablets were film coated with BC, using a spray coating technique, and in vitro drug release studies of these tablets were investigated. It was found that BC exhibited excellent ability to form soft, flexible and foldable films without the addition
    of any plasticizer. They were comparable to Aquacoat ECD (with plasticizer) in tensile strength, percentage elongation and elasticity modulus. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) BC showed a high Tg value indicating thermally stability of films. These results suggest that BC can be used as novel aqueous film-coating agent with lower cost and better film forming properties than existing film-coating agents.
    Matched MeSH terms: Calorimetry, Differential Scanning
  18. Sri Yulis M. Amin, Norhamidi Muhamad, Khairur Rijal Jamaludin, Fayyaz A, Heng SY
    Sains Malaysiana, 2014;43:123-128.
    Feedstock preparation, as well as its characterization, is crucial in the production of highly sintered parts with minimal defect. The hard metal powder - particularly, cemented carbide (wc-co) used in this study was investigated both physically and thermally to determine its properties before the mixing and injection molding stage. Several analyses were conducted, such as scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray diffraction, pycnometer density, critical powder volume percentage (cPvP), as well as thermal tests, such as thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. On the basis of the CPVP value, the feedstock, consisting of wc-co powder, was mixed with 60% palm stearin and 40% polyethylene at an optimal powder loading, within 2 to 5% lower than the CPVP value. The CPVP spotted value was 65%. The feedstock optimal value at 61% showed good rheological properties (pseudoplastic behavior) with an n value lower than 1, considerably low activation energy and high moldability index. These preliminary properties of the feedstock serve as a benchmark in designing the schedule for the next whole steps (i.e. injection, debinding and sintering processes).
    Matched MeSH terms: Calorimetry, Differential Scanning
  19. Pang AL, Azhar Abu Bakar, Hanafi Ismail
    Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:571-580.
    The development of natural fiber polymer composites is increasing worldwide and in some applications, these composites
    are used at outdoor rendering them exposed to ultra-violet (UV) radiation. The paper investigates the degradation behavior
    of linear low density polyethylene/poly (vinyl alcohol)/kenaf (LLDPE/PVOH/KNF) composites after exposure to different
    natural weathering durations. The composites with KNF loadings of 10, 20 and 40 parts per hundred resin (phr) were
    exposed to natural weathering for 3 months and 6 months, respectively. The weathered composites were characterized by
    Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, universal testing machine, field emission scanning electron microscopy
    (FESEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The FTIR analysis showed an obvious carbonyl peak in composites
    after weathering as an evidence of oxidation. The weight loss percentage of composites increased with respect to exposure
    duration due to higher absorption of UV irradiation. The tensile properties of weathered composites were lower than
    that of control composites and these properties also decreased with increasing exposure duration. FESEM micrographs
    illustrated that composites with longer exposure duration suffered more surface damaged. The crystallinity percentage
    was found to increase with increasing exposure duration.
    Matched MeSH terms: Calorimetry, Differential Scanning
  20. Singh R, Singh G, Singh J, Kumar R, Rahman MM, Ramakrishna S
    Proc Inst Mech Eng H, 2019 Nov;233(11):1196-1203.
    PMID: 31545132 DOI: 10.1177/0954411919877979
    In this experimental study, a composite of poly-ether-ketone-ketone by reinforcement of hydroxyapatite and chitosan has been prepared for possible applications as orthopaedic scaffolds. Initially, different weight percentages of hydroxyapatite and chitosan were reinforced in the poly-ether-ketone-ketone matrix and tested for melt flow index in order to check the flowability of different compositions/proportions. Suitable compositions revealed by the melt flow index test were then taken forward for the extrusion of filament required for fused deposition modelling. For thermomechanical investigations, Taguchi-based design of experiments has been used with input variables in the extrusion process as follows: temperature, load applied and different composition/proportions. The specimens in the form of feedstock filament produced by the extrusion process were made to undergo tensile testing. The specimens were also inspected by differential scanning calorimetry and photomicrographs. Finally, the specimen showing the best performance from the thermomechanical viewpoint has been selected to extrude the filament for the fused deposition modelling process.
    Matched MeSH terms: Calorimetry, Differential Scanning
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