Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 2672 in total

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  1. Ahmad SA, Abdul Wahat NH, Zakaria MN, Wiener-Vacher SR, Abdullah NA
    Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 2020 Aug;135:110132.
    PMID: 32502914 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110132
    OBJECTIVE: Vestibular assessments in children are essential for the early identification of vestibular and balance dysfunctions. Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials, cervical (cVEMPs) and ocular (oVEMPs) have been reported to be feasible and effective when assessing otolith function in children. The main aim of the study was to obtain normative data for cVEMPs and oVEMPs from preschool and primary school-aged Malaysian children.

    METHODS: A group of 33 healthy children, aged from 5 years 9 months-12 years 4 months (mean ± SD = 8.83 ± 1.92 years), was recruited. Their otolith saccular function was assessed using 750 Hz tone burst for cVEMPs (with ER3A insert phone), while their utricular function was assessed using Brüel & Kjaer Mini-shaker Type 4810 (Naerum, Denmark) for oVEMPs.

    RESULTS: For cVEMPs, the mean value of P13 latency, N23 latency, P13-N23 interamplitude and asymmetry ratio were 12.62 ± 1.38 ms, 19.85 ± 1.95 ms, 92.47 ± 50.35 μV and 14.03 ± 9.75%, respectively. For oVEMPs, the mean value of N10 latency, P15 latency, N10-P15 interamplitude and asymmetry ratio were 9.23 ± 1.07 ms, 14.41 ± 1.04 ms, 10.32 ± 5.65 μV and 15.84 ± 11.49%, respectively. Two-way ANOVA analysis found that ear laterality and gender had no significant effect on all cVEMPs and oVEMPs parameters. No significant correlation was found between age and all VEMPs parameters.

    CONCLUSIONS: The normative data for cVEMPs and oVEMPs obtained in this study can be used as a guide by health professionals to assess saccular and utricular functions among children age from 5 to 12 years of age.

    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  2. Lee WS, Yap SF, Looi LM
    J Paediatr Child Health, 2007 Sep;43(9):636-9.
    PMID: 17688648
    We conducted a prospective study to determine the role of alpha1-antitrypsin (alpha1AT) deficiency in the pathogenesis of neonatal cholestasis and other childhood liver diseases in a multi-ethnic Southeast Asian population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  3. Kiorpes TC, Wolf G, Arroyave G, Wai TN
    Am J Clin Nutr, 1979 Sep;32(9):1842-6.
    PMID: 89810 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/32.9.1842
    Serum samples were obtained from 43 children 14 years old or younger in Malaysia and Guatemala. The levels of the serum glycoprotein alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2-M) were assayed by two methods: the trypsin-binding assay of Ganrot (Clin. Chim. Acta 14:493, 1960) and a radial immunodiffusion assay against alpha 2-M antiserum. The two methods gave the same results. When serum alpha 2-M levels were plotted against serum vitamin A concentrations, they were significantly correlated (r = 0.505, P less than 0.001); children with serum vitamin A levels greater than 40 micrograms/100 ml had alpha 2-M levels of 3.71 +/- 0.79 mg/ml (mean +/- SD, n = 13), while those with level less than 40 micrograms/100 ml had alpha 2-M levels of 2.78 +/- 0.51 mg/ml (n = 30); the difference was significant (P less than 0.001). Normal, apparently healthy children had alpha 2-M levels of 3.90 +/- 0.39 mg/ml. Most of the children sampled suffered from a variety of infections; of these, measles appeared to counteract the effect of vitamin A deficiency by elevating alpha 2-M levels. Vitamin A-deficient children with measles had alpha 2-M levels not significantly lower than those of normal children. The difference between deficient and normal values of alpha 2-M was still significant (P less than 0.05) when expressed per milligram of serum protein, showing that the effect was not caused by lowered serum protein concentrations associated with protein-calorie malnutrition, from which most of the deficiency children suffered.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  4. Ali O, Rampal KG
    Med J Malaysia, 1988 Sep;43(3):232-6.
    PMID: 3266522
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  5. Ravina A
    Presse Med, 1968 Dec 7;76(48):2271-3.
    PMID: 5720934
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  6. Kahraman H, Altay Koçak A, Albakkour K, Muftah H, Dalgıç B, Çağlar K, et al.
    Mikrobiyol Bul, 2021 Oct;55(4):553-567.
    PMID: 34666655 DOI: 10.5578/mb.20219707
    Rotaviruses are the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis with the highest mortality and morbidity rates in children aged 0-5 years. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of rotavirus infection in patients whose stool samples were sent to microbiology laboratory to investigate the etiology of diarrhea, to investigate the rotavirus genotypes that are common in our region and G10, G12 genotypes that have recently become common in the world. Fecal samples of 476 patients aged between 0-92 years who applied between November 2016 and February 2018 were studied via immunochromatographic rapid test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. ELISA positive samples were studied by nested reverse transcriptase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and genotyped by agarose gel electrophoresis. Rotavirus was found positive in 18.3% and 17% of stool samples by immunochromatographic test and ELISA, respectively. All ELISA positive samples were also detected as positive by RT-PCR. 18.5% of female patients and 15.7% of male patients were found to be positive and rotavirus positivity was not statistically significant between genders. The frequency of rotavirus in different age groups was 23.5% (6-12 years), 17.3% (13-24 months) and 16% (25-36 months). It was determined that rotavirus cases were most common in the spring. G1, G2, G3, G4, G9, G10, and G12 were detected in 37%, 7.4%, 16.1%, 6.2%, 9.9%, 2.5%, 26% of the samples, respectively. G12 was the most common genotype after G1. The most common G and P genotype combination was G1P[8] (17.2%). This was followed by G12P[8] (11.11%) and G3P[8] (11.11%). P[8] (53%) was found to be the dominant P genotype. In this study, it was observed that rotavirus, which is the cause of childhood diarrhea, can also be encountered in advanced ages and even new genotypes that infect humans worldwide may also be the causative agents. Therefore, we concluded that it is important to investigate new genotypes such as G10 and G12 in molecular epidemiological studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  7. Stock I
    Med Monatsschr Pharm, 2014 Jan;37(1):4-10; quiz 11-2.
    PMID: 24490433
    Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a highly contagious, world-wide distributed viral illness that affects predominantly children. It is caused by several enteroviruses, such as coxsackieviruses A6, A10, A16 and enterovirus 71. In most cases, HFMD follows a benign and self-limiting course. After an incubation period of 3 to 10 days, fever and sore throat, the first symptoms of the disease, appear. A few days later, maculopapular or vesicular eruptions form on the palms and soles as well as in the oral cavity. Since the year 2000, several large HFMD outbreaks have been reported in many Asian regions such as China, Malaysia and Vietnam. In some of these outbreaks, high incidences of severe progressive HFMD forms with some fatalities were observed. Such diseases have been caused primarily by enterovirus 71 strains and were characterized frequently by sudden onset of fever, encephalitis/meningitis and severe respiratory symptoms such as pulmonary edema. Further severe neurological and cardiac complications have also been observed during these outbreaks. Recently, some HFMD outbreaks caused by the coxsackievirus A6 have been reported in several parts of the world. These illnesses also affected adults and were characterized by more severe symptoms of "classical" HFMD. In addition, outbreaks of coxsackievirus-A6-associated HFMD in many countries were associated with onychomadesis, with the loss of nails occurring up to two months after initial symptoms. Treatment of "classical" HFMD is usually symptomatic, a generally recommended antiviral therapy does not exist. In severe HFMD cases, suitable treatment also encompasses mechanical ventilation, as well as the additional application of antiviral agents such as ribavirin. In the last years, several novel agents with good in vitro and in vivo activity against enteroviruses have been developed. A vaccine against HFMD is not yet available.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  8. Koroleva GA, Lukashev AN, Khudiakova LV, Mustafina AN, Lashkevich VA
    Vopr. Virusol., 2010 Nov-Dec;55(6):4-10.
    PMID: 21381332
    Enterovirus type 71 (EV71) is a causative agent of large outbreaks of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in Europe (Bulgaria, 1975; Hungary, 1978) and South-East Asia (Malaysia, 1977; Taiwan, 1998; Singapore, 2000-2007; People's Republic of China, 2007-2009). HFMD afflicted children less than 10 years of age and resulted in recovery within 3-7 days. In a small percentage of infants (aged 6 months to 3 years), HFMD was accompanied by acute neurological complications, such as serous meningitis, poliomyelitis-like syndrome (extremity pareses and muscle paralyses); brain stem encephalitis (myoclonic jerks, tremor, lethargy, swallowing and speech disorders, cardiopulmonary failure, pulmonary edema, shock, coma, death). X-ray study revealed pulmonary hemorrhages and edema. Mortality rates were as high as 82-94% in severe cases. Incapacitating motor, respiratory, and psychoemotional disorders persisted in some surviving children. Pathomorphologically, patients with central nervous system disease and cardiopulmonary failure were found to have acute inflammation of the grey matter of the brain stem (medulla oblongata, pons) and spinal cord. Inflammatory changes in the lung and myocardial tissues were negligible or absent. Fatal pulmonary edema was neurogenic in origin and resulted from damage to the respiratory and vasomotor centers of the brain stem.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  9. Balasegaram M
    Pol Przegl Chir, 1974 Dec;46(12):1619-27.
    PMID: 4445057
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  10. Iqbal QM
    Med J Malaysia, 1977 Mar;31(3):252-5.
    PMID: 904523
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  11. Maeba S, Nemoto S, Hamdan L, Okada T, Azhari M
    Kyobu Geka, 2006 Nov;59(12):1075-8.
    PMID: 17094543
    From April 2002 to March 2005, 18 patients having undergone bidirectional Glenn shunt (BDG) without cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) [off-pump BDG] were retrospectively reviewed. During BDG anastomosis, a temporary bypass was established between superior vena cava (15) or innominate vein (3) and main pulmonary artery (16) or right atrium (2). Hemodynamics and oxygenation were maintained well throughout the temporary bypass time. There was no emergent use of CPB. Mean transpulmonary pressure gradient immediately after and 24 hours after the BDG were 6.7 and 5.6 mmHg, respectively. Echocardiography showed mild flow turbulence at the anastomosis in 1 case. This simple and inexpensive technique provided good surgical view with stable hemodynamics enabling satisfactory BDG in selected cases. Furthermore, it could avoid adverse effects of CPB such as lung injury and possible blood transfusion. This experience would encourage off-pump BDG combined with more challenging procedures.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  12. Osman A, Suhardi A, Khalid BA
    Med J Malaysia, 1993 Mar;48(1):76-82.
    PMID: 8341176
    This study was done to determine the anthropometric measurement patterns of Malay children from wealthy families in Malaysia and to make a comparison with NCHS reference population. A population of 900 children aged between 3-12 years old from Taman Tun Dr Ismail, Kuala Lumpur (TDI), were examined but only 871 of them were eligible for the study. Weight, height, mid-arm circumference and skin fold thickness were measured. The increment pattern of anthropometric measurements of TDI children was quite similar to NCHS except for having a lower median weight for age and height for age. There was prepubescent increase in skin folds thickness in both sexes, followed by a midpubescent decrease and a late pubescent increase. The study indicated that Malay children from a wealthy background have growth rates comparable to children in the West, hence NCHS percentile charts are suitable as a reference for comparing the nutritional status of Malay children in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  13. Wagenseil F
    Z Morphol Anthropol, 1967;59(1):1-25.
    PMID: 5607808
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  14. Ngeow YF, Weil AF, Khairullah NS, Yusof MY, Luam L, Gaydos C, et al.
    J Paediatr Child Health, 1997 Oct;33(5):422-5.
    PMID: 9401887
    OBJECTIVE: The incidence of Chlamydia pneumoniae and Chlamydia trachomatis infection was studied among infants and young children admitted to hospital for the management of lower respiratory tract infections, over a 12 month period.

    METHODOLOGY: Respiratory secretions were examined for chlamydiae by cell culture, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and polymerase chain reaction-enzyme immunoassay. Sera were tested by micro-immunofluorescence for chlamydial IgG, IgM and IgA. Other bacterial and viral pathogens were also looked for by standard cultural and serological methods.

    RESULTS: Of 87 patients aged 2 months-3 years, an aetiologic diagnosis was made in 41 (47.1%). C. pneumoniae and C. trachomatis were each detected in 1 (1.2%) of the patients. Among common bacterial pathogens, Haemophilus influenzae (13.8%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (8.1%) were the most frequently identified. Respiratory viruses and elevated Mycoplasma pneumoniae antibodies were found in 10.3% and 9.1% of patients, respectively.

    CONCLUSION: Chlamydiae are infrequent causes of community-acquired acute lower respiratory tract infections in infants and very young children in Malaysia.

    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  15. Gip LS
    Med J Malaysia, 1989 Dec;44(4):307-11.
    PMID: 2520039
    An outbreak of yaws consisting of ten active cases in Baling is described. Yaws should be suspected and considered in the differential diagnosis of sores in the limbs of children living in rural areas. The clinical features of yaws are highlighted to help in the recognition of the condition for those unfamiliar with the condition.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  16. Yaakub JA, Abdullah MM
    Med J Malaysia, 1990 Sep;45(3):263-6.
    PMID: 2152092
    Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is a rare form of chronic pyelonephritis affecting adults and children. Two patients with the disease are reported.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  17. Ackermann L, Lo CH, Mani N, Mayor J
    PLoS One, 2020;15(12):e0240519.
    PMID: 33259476 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240519
    In recent years, the popularity of tablets has skyrocketed and there has been an explosive growth in apps designed for children. Howhever, many of these apps are released without tests for their effectiveness. This is worrying given that the factors influencing children's learning from touchscreen devices need to be examined in detail. In particular, it has been suggested that children learn less from passive video viewing relative to equivalent live interaction, which would have implications for learning from such digital tools. However, this so-called video deficit may be reduced by allowing children greater influence over their learning environment. Across two touchscreen-based experiments, we examined whether 2- to 4-year-olds benefit from actively choosing what to learn more about in a digital word learning task. We designed a tablet study in which "active" participants were allowed to choose which objects they were taught the label of, while yoked "passive" participants were presented with the objects chosen by their active peers. We then examined recognition of the learned associations across different tasks. In Experiment 1, children in the passive condition outperformed those in the active condition (n = 130). While Experiment 2 replicated these findings in a new group of Malay-speaking children (n = 32), there were no differences in children's learning or recognition of the novel word-object associations using a more implicit looking time measure. These results suggest that there may be performance costs associated with active tasks designed as in the current study, and at the very least, there may not always be systematic benefits associated with active learning in touchscreen-based word learning tasks. The current studies add to the evidence that educational apps need to be evaluated before release: While children might benefit from interactive apps under certain conditions, task design and requirements need to consider factors that may detract from successful performance.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  18. Hastuti AP, Sukartini T, Arief YS, Nursalam N, Roesardhyati R, Kurniawan AW, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2024 Jan;79(1):28-33.
    PMID: 38287754
    INTRODUCTION: The role of providing nutrition to children aged 6-24 months who are stunted is related to the mother's ability to provide proper nutrition. Empowerment of mothers based on self-regulated learning is a nursing intervention that can be carried out by using the abilities, belief and individual capacities of mothers in completing tasks, managing and providing nutrition to children aged 6-24 months. Mother's characteristic are motivation, self-esteem, self-efficacy, knowledge, belief and ability to decisionmaking about providing nutrition to children, so it can be a learning process for the mother in using resources which improve the nutrition ability of the mother. This study aims to apply a women's empowerment model based on selfregulated learning in increasing the mother's ability to fulfill nutrition in stunted children aged 6-24 months.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research design used a quasiexperiment. The sampling technique used cluster sampling with 76 respondents in intervention group and 76 respondents in control group. The research was conducted in the working area in Public Health Center, Malang Regency. Data analysis in this study used the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and Mann-Whitney.

    RESULTS: The results of the study found that there were differences in the ability of mothers to fulfill nutrition in stunted children between the intervention group and the control group (p = 0.000). There were mean differences in the ability of mothers to fulfill nutrition for stunted children before and after the intervention in the intervention group with indicators of breastfeeding, food preparation and processing, complementary- feeding and responsive feeding were increased (p = 0.000). However, in the control group, there were no differences in the ability of mothers to fulfill nutrition with indicator breastfeeding (p = 0.462), food preparation and processing (p = 0.721), complementary feeding (p = 0.721), complementary feeding (p = 0.462). (p = 0.054), responsive feeding (p = 0.465) and adherence to stunting therapy (p = 0.722).

    CONCLUSION: The women's empowerment model based on self-regulated learning is formed by individual mother factors, family factors, health service system factors, and child factors so that it can increase the mother's ability to fulfill nutrition in children aged 6-24 months who are stunted. The women's empowerment is a learning process about breastfeeding, food hygiene, infant and young children feeding, and responsive feeding by mothers to fulfill nutrition in children with stunting, with a goal and plan to achieve an improvement in mother's ability and nutritional status in children.

    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  19. Ghuman SJ
    Demography, 2003 Aug;40(3):419-36.
    PMID: 12962056 DOI: 10.1353/dem.2003.0021
    In this article, I evaluate the hypothesis that higher infant and child mortality among Muslim populations is related to the lower autonomy of Muslim women using data from 15 pairs of Muslim and non-Muslim communities in India, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand. Women's autonomy in various spheres is not consistently lower in Muslim than in non-Muslim settings. Both across and within communities, the association between women's autonomy and mortality is weak, and measures of autonomy or socioeconomic status are generally of limited import for understanding the Muslim disadvantage in children's survival.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  20. Goh AY, Lum LC, Chan PW, Bakar F, Chong BO
    Arch Dis Child, 1999 May;80(5):424-8.
    PMID: 10208946
    OBJECTIVES: To compare the modes of death and factors leading to withdrawal or limitation of life support in a paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in a developing country.

    METHODS: Retrospective analysis of all children (< 12 years) dying in the PICU from January 1995 to December 1995 and January 1997 to June 1998 (n = 148).

    RESULTS: The main mode of death was by limitation of treatment in 68 of 148 patients, failure of active treatment including cardiopulmonary resuscitation in 61, brain death in 12, and withdrawal of life support with removal of endotracheal tube in seven. There was no significant variation in the proportion of limitation of treatment, failure of active treatment, and brain death between the two periods; however, there was an increase in withdrawal of life support from 0% in 1995 to 8% in 1997-98. Justification for limitation was based predominantly on expectation of imminent death (71 of 75). Ethnic variability was noted among the 14 of 21 patients who refused withdrawal. Discussions for care restrictions were initiated almost exclusively by paediatricians (70 of 75). Diagnostic uncertainty (36% v 4.6%) and presentation as an acute illness were associated with the use of active treatment.

    CONCLUSIONS: Limitation of treatment is the most common mode of death in a developing country's PICU and active withdrawal is still not widely practised. Paediatricians in developing countries are becoming more proactive in managing death and dying but have to consider sociocultural and religious factors when making such decisions.

    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
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