Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 33 in total

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  1. Zulkhairi, A., Hasnah, B., Zaiton, Z., Jamaludin, M., Zanariyah, A., Khairul, K.A.K., et al.
    Malays J Nutr, 2006;12(2):213-220.
    MyJurnal
    Atherosclerosis, the cholesterol deposition in and around cells of the intimal layer of the aorta, has been recognized as one of the main causative factors for cardiovascular diseases. Intensive research has been carried out throughout the world but the precise atherogenesis has yet to be fully understood, though hypercholesterolaemia is considered to be the prime risk factor. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of high cholesterol diet consumption on the formation of atherosclerosis in vivo. Three groups of adultWhite New Zealand male rabbits (six animals per group) were used in this study. Except for one group which acted as a control (K), the other two groups were given 1% and 2% high cholesterol diet respectively for 10 weeks. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were taken from the marginal ear vein for plasma cholesterol estimation. The animals were sacrificed and the aorta was excised for histomorphometric analysis. The result shows that despite no significant differences in plasma cholesterol levels being observed between the groups treated with 1% and 2% cholesterol, high cholesterol consumption was able to induce hypercholesterolaemia significantly (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Cholesterol, Dietary
  2. Yap SC, Choo YM, Hew NF, Yap SF, Khor HT, Ong AS, et al.
    Lipids, 1995 Dec;30(12):1145-50.
    PMID: 8614305
    The oxidative susceptibilities of low density lipoproteins (LDL) isolated from rabbits fed high-fat atherogenic diets containing coconut, palm, or soybean oil were investigated. New Zealand white rabbits were fed atherogenic semisynthetic diets containing 0.5% cholesterol and either (i) 13% coconut oil and 2% corn oil (CNO), (ii) 15% refined, bleached, and deodorized palm olein (RBDPO), (iii) 15% crude palm olein (CPO), (iv) 15% soybean oil (SO), or (v) 15% refined, bleached, and deodorized palm olein without cholesterol supplementation [RBDPO(wc)], for a period of twelve weeks. Total fatty acid compositions of the plasma and LDL were found to be modulated (but not too drastically) by the nature of the dietary fats. Cholesterol supplementation significantly increased the plasma level of vitamin E and effectively altered the plasma composition of long-chain fatty acids in favor of increasing oleic acid. Oxidative susceptibilities of LDL samples were determined by Cu2(+)-catalyzed oxidation which provide the lag times and lag-phase slopes. The plasma LDL from all palm oil diets [RBDPO, CPO, and RBDPO(wc)] were shown to be equally resistant to the oxidation, and the LDL from SO-fed rabbits were most susceptible, followed by the LDL from the CNO-fed rabbits. These results reflect a relationship between the oxidative susceptibility of LDL due to a combination of the levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cholesterol, Dietary/administration & dosage
  3. Wan Rosli WI, Babji AS, Aminah A, Foo SP, Abd Malik O
    Int J Food Sci Nutr, 2010 Aug;61(5):519-35.
    PMID: 20166846 DOI: 10.3109/09637481003591582
    The effect of retorting and oven cooking on the nutritional properties of beef frankfurters blended with palm oil (PO), red PO35 and red PO48 were compared against the control beef fat treatment. Red PO oven-cooked beef frankfurters resulted in a significant loss of vitamin E from 538.5 to 287.5 microg after 6 months. Oven cooked sausages stored at -18 degrees C and retorted sausages stored for the 6 months of shelf studies resulted in more than 90% loss of alpha-carotene and beta-carotene in red PO beef frankfurters. Cholesterol was reduced at the range of 29.0-32.2 mg/100 g when beef fat was substituted with palm-based oils, in beef frankfurters. Differences of heat treatments did not significantly change THE cholesterol content, within all treatments. This study showed the potential of utilizing red palm oils as animal fat analogues in improving vitamin E, reducing cholesterol but not carotenes in beef frankfurters.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cholesterol, Dietary/analysis
  4. Sundram K, Pathmanathan R, Wong KT, Baskaran G
    Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 1997 Mar;6(1):31-5.
    PMID: 24394650
    Thirty six-male New Zealand White rabbits subdivided into four dietary groups (9 animals per group) were fed high fat (36% en), cholesterol-free diets for nine months. The dietary oil blends were formulated to contain high levels of the target fatty acids namely trans-rich (partially hydrogenated soybean oil; TRANS), cis monounsaturated-rich (rapeseed, sunflower seed oil and palm olein; MONO), palmitic-rich (palm olein; POL) and lauric-myristic rich (coconut, palm kernel and corn oils; LM). Ad libitum feeding of the rabbits resulted in normal growth throughout the nine months and no differences in the final body weights of the animals were evident at autopsy. Plasma total cholesterol was significantly elevated only by the LM enriched diet compared with all other treatments; values were comparable between the other three treatment groups. Changes in the total cholesterol were not reflected in the VLDL and LDL lipoproteins. However, HDL-cholesterol was significantly lowered by the TRANS diet compared with all other dietary groups. HDL-cholesterol was also significantly increased by the LM diet in comparison to the POL-diet. Both adipose and liver triglyceride fatty acid compositions tended to reflect the type of fatty acids fed the animals. Trans fatty acids were evident only in animals fed the trans diet and it was apparent that the trans fatty acids competed with linoleic acid for incorporation into these tissues. Increased concentrations of lauric and myristic fatty acids in the LM-fed animals were also evident. In the POL and high MONO fed rabbits, palmitic and oleic fatty acids (respectively) were concentrated in the adipose and liver. The diets, however, failed to induce severe atherosclerosis in this study. This can be explained, in part, by the lack of dietary cholesterol and the use of plant (rather than animal) proteins in our dietary formulations. The effect of these important atherosclerosis modulators in association with these fatty acids requires further evaluation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cholesterol, Dietary
  5. Sellke FW, Armstrong ML, Harrison DG
    Circulation, 1990 May;81(5):1586-93.
    PMID: 2110036
    Atherosclerosis impairs endothelium-dependent relaxation of large conduit arteries. Because coronary resistance vessels are spared from the development of overt atherosclerosis, endothelium-dependent responses were examined in these vascular segments. Malaysian cynomolgus monkeys (n = 6) were made atherosclerotic by being fed a 0.7% cholesterol diet for 18 months. Control monkeys (n = 6) were fed a standard diet. Coronary microvessels (122-220 microns) were studied in a pressurized (20 mm Hg), no-flow state using a video-imaging apparatus. Relaxations of microvessels, preconstricted with the thromboxane analogue U46619, were determined in response to acetylcholine, bradykinin, the calcium ionophore A23187, adenosine, and sodium nitroprusside. Microvascular relaxations to bradykinin and A23187 were reduced in atherosclerotic monkeys compared with controls, whereas acetylcholine produced additional contraction in atherosclerotic monkeys. Responses of preconstricted microvessels to adenosine and sodium nitroprusside were identical in atherosclerotic and control animals. Indomethacin did not alter responses in control or atherosclerotic animals. Histologic examination revealed neither intimal thickening nor plaque formation in microvessels of this size class despite marked changes in conduit arteries. Electron microscopy showed minor alterations of endothelial cell morphology in microvessels of atherosclerotic animals. In conclusion, long-term hypercholesterolemia markedly impairs endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation in the coronary microcirculation where overt atherosclerosis does not develop. These changes in endothelial cell function may significantly alter regulation of myocardial perfusion by neurohumoral stimuli.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cholesterol, Dietary
  6. Ravindran R, Jaganathan R, Periandavan K
    Cell Biochem Funct, 2020 Apr;38(3):309-318.
    PMID: 31926118 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3490
    The aim is to test the hypothesis whether the cholesterol loaded lysosomes are capable of mediating lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) during aging and to study the efficacy of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in preserving the lysosomal membrane stability. Aged rats were fed with high cholesterol diet (HCD) and treated with EGCG orally. Serum and tissue lipid status, cholesterol levels in lysosomal fraction, activities of lysosomal enzymes in lysosomal, and cytosolic fractions were measured. Transmission electron microscopic studies (TEM), oil red "O" (ORO) staining, and immunohistochemical analysis of oxidized low density lipoprotein (OxLDL) were carried out. Significant increase in serum, tissue lipid profile, and lysosomal cholesterol levels were observed in aged HCD-fed rats with a concomitant decrease in high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. We also observed a significant increase in lipid accumulation in hepatocytes of aged HCD-fed rats by TEM, ORO, and immunohistochemical staining. Upon treatment with EGCG to aged HCD-fed animals, we found augmented levels of HDL with a concomitant decrease in lysosomal cholesterol levels and other lipoproteins. TEM studies and immunohistochemistry of OxLDL also showed a marked reduction in lipid deposition of hepatocytes. Thus, EGCG has preserved the lysosomal membrane stability in HCD stressed aged rats. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: The research article is focused mainly on the effect of EGCG and its capability on mitigating the release of lysosomal enzymes in aged animals fed with HCD. The study signifies the cellular function of the organelle lysosome following administration of aged rats with HCD, which would make the readers to understand the action of EGCG and the interrelationship of both cholesterol and activity of lysosomes when cholesterol is loaded.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cholesterol, Dietary/metabolism*
  7. Narimah AHH, Adlina S, Hakimi ZA
    MyJurnal
    Various studies have reported that excess body weight may increase the risk to various diseases and death. A study reported that adolescents who were overweight were almost 18 times more likely than their leaner peers to be obese in early adulthood and were 8.5 times more likely to have hypertension as young adults. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the body composition and four dietary factors i.e., prudent diet habits, calorie control habits, dietary fat/ cholesterol and sodium/salt control which may affect blood pressure and the risk of heart disease among year 1 medical students in a public university in Selangor. Body composition was determined by measuring the body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage. None of the female students showed excellent/good eating habits while majority were fair (37.7%) and poor/very poor (62.3%). Nearly half of the male students showed excellent/good eating habits (42.5%), but more than half (57.5%) were poor/very poor. Majority of the female (85.7%, 85.7% and 94.8% respectively) and male students (80.9%, 57.5% and 93.6% respectively) showed excellent/good eating habits in calorie, dietary fat and salt control. Majority of the students (64.9% female and 61.7% male) have normal BMI values while 24.7% of female and 10.6% of male students were underweight (BMI values less than 18.5). Only a small number of female students were overweight (5.2%) and obese (5.2%). However 14.9% of male students were overweight and another 12.8% were obese.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cholesterol, Dietary
  8. Nafeeza MI, Norzana AG, Jalaluddin HL, Gapor MT
    Malays J Pathol, 2001 Jun;23(1):17-25.
    PMID: 16329543
    This study investigated the effects of a tocotrienol-rich fraction (TTRF) on the microscopic development of atherosclerosis and lipid peroxidation in the aorta of rabbits. Group 1 was fed a normal diet, group 2 received a 2% cholesterol diet and group 3 received a 2% cholesterol diet plus daily oral administration of the TTRF. After 10 weeks, the aortic content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured as an index of lipid peroxidation. The MDA was lowest in rabbits that received the TTRF compared to the groups that did not. The degree of intimal thickening was higher in the cholesterol-fed rabbits without the TTRF compared to the cholesterol-fed rabbits with TTRF (P<0.05). The continuity of the internal elastic lamina (IEL) was noted to be preserved in the cholesterol-fed rabbits with TTRF but appeared disrupted in the cholesterol-fed rabbits without the TTRF. The disrupted and fragmented IEL may have resulted from the injury caused by lipid peroxidation that contributed to the more extensive intimal thickening. We conclude that the antioxidant activities of the TTRF can reduce experimental atherosclerosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cholesterol, Dietary
  9. Mitra SR, Tan PY, Amini F
    J Hum Nutr Diet, 2018 12;31(6):758-772.
    PMID: 30141234 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12593
    BACKGROUND: Individual variations of obesity-related traits can be a consequence of dietary influence on gene variants.

    METHODS: This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate (i) the effect of FTO rs9930506 on obesity and related parameters and (ii) the influence of diet on the above association in Malaysian adults. In total, 79 obese and 99 nonobese Malaysian adults were recruited.

    RESULTS: In comparison with Chinese and Malays, Indians had significantly higher waist circumference (P ≤ 0.001 and P = 0.016), waist-hip ratio (P = 0.001 and P < 0.001), body fat percentage (P = 0.001 and P = 0.042), fasting insulin (P = 0.001 and P = 0.001), homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (P = 0.001 and P = 0.001) and lower high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001), respectively. Indians consumed significantly lower dietary cholesterol (P = 0.002), percentage energy from protein (P < 0.001) and higher fibre (P = 0.006) compared to the other two groups. Malaysian Indians expressed the highest risk allele frequency (G) of FTO rs9930506 compared to the Malays and the Chinese (P < 0.001). No significant association was found between FTO rs9930506 and obesity (dominant model). Risk allele carriers (G) consumed significantly lower vitamin E (P = 0.020) and had a higher fibre intake (P = 0.034) compared to the noncarriers (A). Gene-diet interaction analysis revealed that risk allele carriers (G) had lower high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels with higher energy from protein (≥14% day-1 ; P = 0.049) and higher vitamin E (≥5.4 mg day-1 ; P = 0.038).

    CONCLUSIONS: The presence of the risk allele (G) of FTO rs9930506 was not associated with an increased risk of obesity. Malaysian Indians had a significantly higher frequency of the risk allele (G). Indian participants expressed higher atherogenic phenotypes compared to Chinese and Malays. FTO rs9930506 may interact with dietary protein and vitamin E and modulate hsCRP levels.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cholesterol, Dietary/administration & dosage; Cholesterol, Dietary/blood
  10. Mikail MA, Ahmed IA, Ibrahim M, Hazali N, Abdul Rasad MS, Abdul Ghani R, et al.
    Eur J Nutr, 2016 Jun;55(4):1435-44.
    PMID: 26091909 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-0961-7
    PURPOSE: The consequence of the increased demand due to the population expansion has put tremendous pressure on the natural supply of fruits. Hence, there is an unprecedented growing interest in the exploration of the potentials of underutilized fruits as alternatives to the commercially available fruits. Baccaurea angulata is an underutilized fruit widely distributed in Borneo Island of Malaysia. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of B. angulata whole fruit (WF), skin (SK) and pulp (PL) juices on malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and antioxidant enzymes in rabbits fed high-cholesterol diet.

    METHODS: Thirty-six male rabbits of New Zealand strain were randomly assigned to six groups. Rabbits were fed either a standard pellet (group NC) or a high-cholesterol diet (groups HC, PC, WF, SK and PL). Groups WF, SK and PL were also given 1 ml/kg/day B. angulata WF, SK and PL juices, respectively.

    RESULTS: Baccaurea angulata had high antioxidant activities. The administration of the various juices significantly reduced (p cholesterol feeding was also ameliorated with B. angulata.

    CONCLUSION: Our results show that B. angulata fruit is beneficial in positively influencing and managing oxidative damage.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cholesterol, Dietary/administration & dosage
  11. Jankovic N, Geelen A, Streppel MT, de Groot LC, Kiefte-de Jong JC, Orfanos P, et al.
    Am J Clin Nutr, 2015 Oct;102(4):745-56.
    PMID: 26354545 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.095117
    BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) represents a leading cause of mortality worldwide, especially in the elderly. Lowering the number of CVD deaths requires preventive strategies targeted on the elderly.

    OBJECTIVE: The objective was to generate evidence on the association between WHO dietary recommendations and mortality from CVD, coronary artery disease (CAD), and stroke in the elderly aged ≥60 y.

    DESIGN: We analyzed data from 10 prospective cohort studies from Europe and the United States comprising a total sample of 281,874 men and women free from chronic diseases at baseline. Components of the Healthy Diet Indicator (HDI) included saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, mono- and disaccharides, protein, cholesterol, dietary fiber, and fruit and vegetables. Cohort-specific HRs adjusted for sex, education, smoking, physical activity, and energy and alcohol intakes were pooled by using a random-effects model.

    RESULTS: During 3,322,768 person-years of follow-up, 12,492 people died of CVD. An increase of 10 HDI points (complete adherence to an additional WHO guideline) was, on average, not associated with CVD mortality (HR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.86, 1.03), CAD mortality (HR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.85, 1.14), or stroke mortality (HR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.88, 1.03). However, after stratification of the data by geographic region, adherence to the HDI was associated with reduced CVD mortality in the southern European cohorts (HR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.79, 0.96; I(2) = 0%) and in the US cohort (HR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.83, 0.87; I(2) = not applicable).

    CONCLUSION: Overall, greater adherence to the WHO dietary guidelines was not significantly associated with CVD mortality, but the results varied across regions. Clear inverse associations were observed in elderly populations in southern Europe and the United States.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cholesterol, Dietary/administration & dosage
  12. Ismail NM, Abdul Ghafar N, Jaarin K, Khine JH, Top GM
    Int J Food Sci Nutr, 2000;51 Suppl:S79-94.
    PMID: 11271860
    The present study aims to examine the effects of a palm-oil-derived vitamin E mixture containing tocotrienol (approximately 70%) and tocopherol (approximately 30%) on plasma lipids and on the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in rabbits given a 2% cholesterol diet. Eighteen New Zealand White rabbits (2.2-2.8 kg) were divided into three groups; group 1 (control) was fed a normal diet, group 2 (AT) was fed a 2% cholesterol diet and group 3 (PV) was fed a 2% cholesterol diet with oral palm vitamin E (60 mg/kg body weight) given daily for 10 weeks. There were no differences in the total cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels between the AT and PV groups. The PV group had a significantly higher concentrations of HDL-c and a lower TC/HDL-c ratio compared to the AT group (P < 0.003). The aortic tissue content of cholesterol and atherosclerotic lesions were comparable in both the AT and PV groups. However, the PV group had a lower content of plasma and aortic tissue malondialdehyde (P < 0.005). Our findings suggest that despite a highly atherogenic diet, palm vitamin E improved some important plasma lipid parameters, reduced lipid peroxidation but did not have an effect on the atherosclerotic plaque formation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cholesterol, Dietary/administration & dosage; Cholesterol, Dietary/metabolism*
  13. Ismail NM, Jaarin K, Vasudevan SK, Hashim S
    Pharmacol. Toxicol., 1995 Jul;77(1):10-5.
    PMID: 8532606
    Nicardipine has been shown to have an anti-atherogenic effect in rabbits given a 2% cholesterol diet. Current evidence suggests that lipid peroxidation plays an important role in atherogenesis. This study examines the effect of nicardipine on lipid peroxidation in rabbits given a 2% cholesterol diet, 8 of these rabbits given nicardipine 0.5 mg/kg twice daily intramuscularly for ten weeks while the remaining untreated 6 were controls. After ten weeks, serum malondialdehyde in the control group was significantly higher compared to their baseline levels (P < 0.05). However, there was no increase in serum malondialdehyde in the nicardipine group after 10 weeks. The area of Sudan IV positive intimal lesions (atherosclerotic plaques) were significantly decreased (P < 0.01) in the treated group compared to the control group. The aortic tissue content of cholesterol and diene conjugates were also decreased in the nicardipine group (P < 0.01). These findings suggest a possible link between nicardipine and lipid peroxidation in mediating its antiatherogenic effects.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cholesterol, Dietary/administration & dosage*
  14. Idris CA, Sundram K
    Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2002;11 Suppl 7:S408-15.
    PMID: 12492627
    Nine cynomolgus monkeys were rotated randomly through four dietary treatments with each treatment lasting 6 weeks. A wash-out period of 4 weeks was maintained between each dietary rotation. The animals were fed diets containing 32% energy fat derived from palm olein (POL), lauric-myristic-rich oil blend (LM), American Heart Association (AHA) rich oil blend and hydrogenated soybean oil blend (trans). Diets were fed with (phase 1) or without (phase 2) the addition of dietary cholesterol (0.1%). In phase 1, when animals were fed without dietary cholesterol, plasma total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was significantly raised and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was significantly depressed by the trans diets relative to all other dietary treatments. The resulting LDL-C/HDL-C ratio was also significantly increased. The LM diet increased TC significantly relative to the AHA diet while LDL-C was significantly increased compared to both POL and AHA. Apolipoprotein (apo) B was not affected significantly by these dietary treatments. Apo A1 was significantly increased by POL relative to all other dietary treatments. The trans diet reduced apo A1 and the resulting apo B/A1 ratio was increased significantly by trans relative to all other dietary treatments. Addition of 0.1% dietary cholesterol to these diets almost doubled the plasma TC and LDL-C in all dietary treatments. However, HDL-C was only marginally higher with the addition of dietary cholesterol. The LM + C (cholesterol added) diet resulted in the highest TC and LDL-C that was significant compared to all other dietary treatments. Trans + C increased TC compared to POL + C and AHA + C diets while increases in the LDL-C did not attain significance. The addition of dietary cholesterol did not affect HDL-C between treatments whereas plasma triglycerides were significantly increased by the trans + C diet relative to all other treatments. Both the trans + C and LM + C diets increased apo B and decreased apo A1 relative to the POL + C and AHA + C diets. The resulting apo B/A1 ratio was similarly altered. These results affirm that the lauric + myristic acid combination, along with trans fatty acids, increased lipoprotein-associated coronary heart disease risk factors compared to either POL or AHA.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cholesterol, Dietary/pharmacology*
  15. Idris Adewale Ahmed, Maryam Abimbola Mikail, Muhammad Ibrahim
    MyJurnal
    Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a clinicopathological syndrome strongly associated with
    hyperlipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, insulin resistance and obesity. The objective of this study is to evaluate the
    potential health benefits of Baccaurea angulata fruit in preventing liver damage due to hypercholesterolemia.
    Twenty-five healthy adult New Zealand White rabbits were assigned to five groups for 90 days diet and
    intervention plan. While four groups (atherogenic groups) were fed 1% cholesterol diet and 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mL
    of B. angulata juice kg/per day, the fifth group (negative control) was fed with commercial rabbit pellet only.
    After overnight fasting and sacrifice, the thoracic cavity was opened and the liver was carefully removed,
    specifically observing for any presence of a gross lesion and then immediately fixing in 4% paraformaldehyde for
    at least 48 hours for histopathological analysis. The hepatoprotective effect of B. angulata fruit juice was evident
    in the histological examination of liver tissues. The results indicate the potential health benefits of the antioxidantrich
    B. angulata fruit juice as a functional food with a therapeutic effect against hypercholesterolemia-induced
    liver injury.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cholesterol, Dietary
  16. Ibrahim A, Shafie NH, Mohd Esa N, Shafie SR, Bahari H, Abdullah MA
    Nutrients, 2020 Oct 09;12(10).
    PMID: 33050310 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103077
    The present study aimed to determine the effect of an ethyl acetate extract of Mikania micrantha stems (EAMMS) in hypercholesterolemia-induced rats. Rats were divided into a normal group (NC) and hypercholesterolemia induced groups: hypercholesterolemia control group (PC), simvastatin group (SV) (10 mg/kg) and EAMMS extract groups at different dosages of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively. Blood serum and tissues were collected for haematological, biochemical, histopathological, and enzyme analysis. Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), urea, creatinine, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, as well as enzymes of HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) and acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 2 (ACAT2), were measured. Feeding rats with high cholesterol diet for eight weeks resulted in a significantly (p < 0.05) increased of TC, TG, LDL-C, AST, ALT and MDA levels. Meanwhile, the administration of EAMMS extract (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) and simvastatin (10 mg/kg) significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the levels of TC, TG, LDL-C and MDA compared to rats in the PC group. Furthermore, all EAMMS and SV-treated groups showed a higher HDL-C level compared to both NC and PC groups. No significant difference was found in the level of ALT, AST, urea and creatinine between the different dosages in EAMMS extracts. Treatment with EAMMS also exhibited the highest inhibition activity of enzyme HMGCR and ACAT2 as compared to the control group. From the histopathological examination, liver tissues in the PC group showed severe steatosis than those fed with EAMMS and normal diet. Treatment with EAMMS extract ameliorated and reduced the pathological changes in the liver. No morphological changes showed in the kidney structure of both control and treated groups. In conclusion, these findings demonstrated that EAMMS extract has anti-hypercholesterolemia properties and could be used as an alternative treatment for this disorder.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cholesterol, Dietary/administration & dosage*; Cholesterol, Dietary/adverse effects*
  17. Hemn HO, Noordin MM, Rahman HS, Hazilawati H, Zuki A, Chartrand MS
    Drug Des Devel Ther, 2015;9:4173-208.
    PMID: 26347047 DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S76225
    Owing to the high incidence of cholesterol-induced cardiovascular disease, particularly atherosclerosis, the current study was designed to investigate the preventive and therapeutic efficacies of dietary zerumbone (ZER) supplementation on the formation and development of atherosclerosis in rabbits fed with a high cholesterol diet. A total of 72 New Zealand white rabbits were divided randomly on two experimental studies carried out 8 weeks apart. The first experiment was designed to investigate the prophylactic efficacy of ZER in preventing early developed atheromatous lesion. The second experimental trial was aimed at investigating the therapeutic effect of ZER in reducing the atherosclerotic lesion progression and establishment. Sudanophilia, histopathological, and ultrastructural changes showed pronounced reduction in the plaque size in ZER-medicated aortas. On the other hand, dietary supplementation of ZER for almost 10 weeks as a prophylactic measure indicated substantially decreasing lipid profile values, and similarly, plaque size in comparison with high-cholesterol non-supplemented rabbits. Furthermore, the results of oxidative stress and antioxidant biomarker evaluation indicated that ZER is a potent antioxidant in suppressing the generation of free radicals in terms of atherosclerosis prevention and treatment. ZER significantly reduced the value of malondialdehyde and augmented the value of superoxide dismutase. In conclusion, our data indicated that dietary supplementation of ZER at doses of 8, 16, and 20 mg/kg alone as a prophylactic measure, and as a supplementary treatment with simvastatin, significantly reduced early plague formation, development, and establishment via significant reduction in serum lipid profile, together with suppression of oxidative damage, and therefore alleviated atherosclerosis lesions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cholesterol, Dietary*
  18. Hamad Alfarisi, Hamad Abdulsalam, Nuraniza Azahari, Muhammad Ibrahim, Mohamed, Zenab Hamad, Asmah Hanim Hamdan, Che Anuar Che Mohamad
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Hypercholesterolemia has been proven as a main pathogenic trigger for pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis characterised by chronic inflammatory process and increased expression of inflammatory markers. In this study; Trihoney (a combination of three types of natural honey namely: Trigona, mellifera, and Dorsata)
    was investigated for its anti-inflammatory effect in hypercholesterolemic atherosclerotic rabbits. Methods: Thirty
    male New Zealand white rabbits (NZW) were grouped into: normal diet (C), normal diet with 0.6g/kg/day of Trihoney (C+H), 1% cholesterol diet (HCD), 1% cholesterol diet with 0.6g/kg/day of Trihoney (HCD+H), and 1%
    cholesterol diet with 2mg/kg/day of atorvastatin (HCD+At.). After 12 weeks of starting the experiment, animals were
    sacrificed and serum analysed for homocysteine and pro-atherogenic inflammatory markers such as: interleukin-1β
    (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Fasting serum glucose was analysed to assess glycaemic status. Results: Trihoney treated group showed significantly lower (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Cholesterol, Dietary
  19. Eng JY, Moy FM
    Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2011;20(4):639-45.
    PMID: 22094851
    Cardiovascular diseases are the major cause of death in Malaysia. Evidence shows that dietary fat intake is one of the important risk factors for cardiovascular disease. However, studies assessing the association of fatty acids and risk of cardiovascular diseases in Malaysia are scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and validate a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) assessing total fat and different types of fat among Malay adults in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cholesterol, Dietary/administration & dosage*
  20. Dianita R, Jantan I, Jalil J, Amran AZ
    Phytomedicine, 2016 Jul 15;23(8):810-7.
    PMID: 27288916 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.04.004
    BACKGROUND: Previous studies on Labisia pumila var. alata (LPva) have showed that it could inhibit low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and provide protection on myocardial infarction in rats.

    HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE: We hypothesized that LPva extracts can modulate the lipid profiles and serum antioxidant status of hypercholesterolemic rats. In the present study, we investigated the effects of aqueous and 80% ethanol extracts of LPva on atherogenic and serum antioxidant parameters as well as changes in abdominal aorta of high-cholesterol diet rats.

    METHODS: The major components of the extracts, gallic acid, flavonoids and alkyl resorcinols were analyzed by using a validated reversed phase HPLC method. The rats were induced to hypercholesterolemic status with daily intake of 2% cholesterol for a duration of 8 weeks. Three different doses (100, 200 and 400mg/kg) of the extracts were administered daily on the 4th week onwards. The rats were then sacrificed and the blood was collected via abdominal aorta and serum was separated by centrifugation for biochemical analysis. Part of the aorta tissues were excised immediately for histopathological examination.

    RESULTS: The serum of LPva treated rats showed significant reduction in serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels and the abdominal aorta showed a significant decrease of atheroma lesions in treated rats. Serum lipid profiles of treated rats showed a decrease in total cholesterol, total triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels as compared to control group. The atherogenic indices in treated rats were significantly improved along with an increasing level of serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL). The extracts also exhibited significant increase of antioxidant enzymes and decrease of MDA as a product of lipid peroxidation.

    CONCLUSION: LPva extracts can reduce the risk of dyslipidemia by improving the serum lipid profiles and modulating serum antioxidants.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cholesterol, Dietary/adverse effects*
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