Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 86 in total

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  1. Xanthones from Garcinia parvifolia
    Xu YJ, Lai YH, Imiyabir Z, Goh SH
    J Nat Prod, 2001 Sep;64(9):1191-5.
    PMID: 11575954
    Nine new xanthones, parvixanthones A-I (1-9), isolated from the dried bark of Garcinia parvifolia, were found to have a common 1,3,6,7-oxygenated pattern for their xanthone nucleus, but various oxygenated isoprenyl or geranyl substituent groups. The structures were determined by spectroscopic methods.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Thin Layer
  2. Fulltext Usage of traditional medicines among elderly and the prevalence of prednisolone contamination
    Ismail Z, Mohamed R, Mohd Hassan MH, Wan Su K
    Malays J Med Sci, 2005 Jul;12(2):50-5.
    PMID: 22605958
    The elderly consume many medications including traditional medicines. In 1986, it was found that 29% of elderly took traditional medicines although in 1996, the National Health Morbidity survey reported a 2.3% prevalence. However, studies from other countries showed much higher percentages. The Ministry of Health in Malaysia is concerned that some of these preparations maybe contaminated with steroids, antihistamines, hormones and other poisons. The aims of the study were to determine a). the health seeking behaviour of elderly Malays living in rural areas, b). the utilization of both modern and traditional medicines and c). the steroid content of the traditional medicines used. Methodology included interviews using structured questionnaires of elderly Malays living in rural areas of Kelantan, aged above 60 years. Samples of traditional medications collected were sent to the Pharmacology Department, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, for steroid content analysis using Thin Layer Chromatography. A total of 599 elderly respondents were interviewed comprising 62.4% females and 37.6% males. The 60-69 years cohort group made up 48.7%, followed by 70-79 years at 36.1% and the remainder 15.2% were more than 80 years. There were 82% of elderly taking medicines. The trends of utilization of modern and traditional medicine in the last two weeks among elderly were 59.3% and 40.9% respectively. The utilization of traditional medicine by rural elderly Malays was therefore much higher than that reported in the previous study and nearly similar to that of France and Australian studies. There were 102 samples of traditional medications collected and analysed for steroid content. Results showed that 27.5% were positive for prednisolone, 34.3% positive for unknown steroids (a total of 61.8%) and 38.2% were negative for both steroids. The present study therefore once again confirmed the high usage of traditional medicines where some of which are contaminated with steroids.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Thin Layer
  3. Fulltext Unusual long-chain N-acyl homoserine lactone production by and presence of quorum quenching activity in bacterial isolates from diseased tilapia fish
    Chang CY, Koh CL, Sam CK, Chan XY, Yin WF, Chan KG
    PLoS One, 2012;7(8):e44034.
    PMID: 22952864 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044034
    Growth-dependent cell-cell communication termed quorum sensing is a key regulatory system in bacteria for controlling gene expression including virulence factors. In this study five potential bacterial pathogens including Bacillus sp. W2.2, Klebsiella sp. W4.2, Pseudomonas sp. W3 and W3.1 and Serratia sp. W2.3 were isolated from diseased Tilapia fish in Malaysia, supplied by the leading global fish supplier. Proteolytic activity assays confirmed that with the exception of Klebsiella sp. W4.2, all isolates showed distinct proteolytic activity. Furthermore Bacillus sp. W2.2 and Pseudomonas sp. strains W3 and W3.1 also displayed haemolytic activity. By using high resolution liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, we revealed the presence of unusually long-chain N-(3-oxohexadecanoyl)-homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C16-HSL) from Pseudomonas sp. W3.1 and N-dodecanoyl-homoserine lactone (C12-HSL) from Serratia sp. W2.3, respectively. Interestingly, Pseudomonas sp. W3.1 also produced a wide range of Pseudomonas quinolone signalling (PQS) molecules. Pseudomonas sp. W3 did not show any quorum sensing properties but possessed quorum quenching activity that inactivated AHLs. This study is the first documentation that shows unusual long-chain AHLs production in Serratia sp. and Pseudomonas sp. isolated from diseased fish and the latter also produce a wide range of PQS molecules.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Thin Layer
  4. The production and characterisation of trichotoxin peptaibols, by Trichoderma asperellum
    Chutrakul C, Alcocer M, Bailey K, Peberdy JF
    Chem Biodivers, 2008 Sep;5(9):1694-706.
    PMID: 18816522 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200890158
    Trichoderma spp. are regularly found as a constituent of the mycoflora of many soils and are noted for their antagonistic activity against bacteria and other fungi. This latter property is the basis for the widespread interest in their use in the biological control of soil-borne fungal plant pathogens. This antagonism is partly based on their ability to produce an impressive inventory of secondary metabolites. An important group of bioactive metabolites produced by Trichoderma spp. are the non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs), especially the peptaibols. A virulent antagonistic strain, T. asperellum, which had been used in biological control strategies in Malaysia and previously examined for mycolytic enzyme production, has been studied for its potential for peptaibol production. The present research demonstrated the ability of T. asperellum to produce at least two metabolites which were identified as acid trichotoxin 1704E (Ac-Aib-Gly-Aib-Leu-Aib-Gln-Aib-Aib-Aib-Ala-Ala-Aib-Pro-Leu-Aib-Iva-Glu-Vol) and neutral trichotoxin 1717A (Ac-Aib-Gly-Aib-Leu-Aib-Gln-Aib-Aib-Aib-Ala-Aib-Aib-Pro-Leu-Aib-Iva-Gln-Vol). Addition of free Aib to the culture medium enhanced the production of trichotoxins. Biological activity of these substances was investigated against Bacillus stearothermophilus. The general characteristics of peptaibols, also found in the trichotoxins, include the presence of high proportions of the uncommon amino acid Aib, the protection of the N- and C-termini by an acetyl group and reduction of the C-terminus to 2-amino alcohols, respectively, amphipathy and microheterogeneity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Thin Layer
  5. The oil of Adenanthera pavonina L. seeds and its emulsions
    Zarnowski R, Jaromin A, Certik M, Czabany T, Fontaine J, Jakubik T, et al.
    Z Naturforsch C J Biosci, 2008 11 13;59(5-6):321-6.
    PMID: 18998394
    The oil of Adenanthera pavonina L. seeds was analysed by chromatographic and instrumental means. The oil was found to be rich in neutral lipids (86.2%), and low in polar lipids (13.8%). The neutral lipids consisted mainly of triacylglycerols (64.2%). Unsaturated fatty acids were found as high as 71%, while the percentage of saturated fatty acids was only 29%. GC and GC/MS analyses revealed linoleic, oleic and lignocerotic acid to be predominant among all fatty acids in the A. pavonina oil, whereas stigmasterol was the major steroid identified within this study. Subsequently, the oil was used for preparation of submicron oil-in-water (o/w) lipid emulsions. Lipid emulsions were formulated by using soybean lecithin (SL) to investigate their particle size, Zeta potential and stability at the different oil and SL ratios. The results obtained indicate possible applications of the tested oil in pharmaceutical and medical fields as drug and cosmetic active ingredient carriers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Thin Layer
  6. Fulltext The extraction of Vitex pouch
    Mohd Ali, A., Jahidin, A.H., Abdul Wahab, I., Mohsin, H.F., Mizaton, H.H.
    Journal of Academia Universiti Teknologi MARA Negeri Sembilan, 2018;6(1):1-7.
    MyJurnal
    In this study, the unprecedented extraction of the Vitex pouch was performed. The compounds from
    methanolic and chloroform extracts were isolated by using thin layer chromatography (TLC). The
    compound of interest was investigated by using 1H-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR, 500 MHz)
    spectroscopy. From the NMR spectral examination, the compound from the methanolic extract was
    suggested as glucononitol. Indeed, there are some parameters that could enhance the attainment of this
    research, which include high performance liquid chromatographic supplies. Nevertheless, more
    information and understanding on the pharmaceutical and chemical analysis of the Vitex species were
    obtained. To sum up, it is anticipated that incoming research with advanced technology for this
    natural product could be explored in the future.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Thin Layer
  7. Fulltext The effect of environmental conditions on biofilm formation of Burkholderia pseudomallei clinical isolates
    Ramli NS, Eng Guan C, Nathan S, Vadivelu J
    PLoS One, 2012;7(9):e44104.
    PMID: 22970167 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044104
    Burkholderia pseudomallei, a Gram-negative saprophytic bacterium, is the causative agent of the potentially fatal melioidosis disease in humans. In this study, environmental parameters including temperature, nutrient content, pH and the presence of glucose were shown to play a role in in vitro biofilm formation by 28 B. pseudomallei clinical isolates, including four isolates with large colony variants (LCVs) and small colony variants (SCVs) morphotypes. Enhanced biofilm formation was observed when the isolates were tested in LB medium, at 30 °C, at pH 7.2, and in the presence of as little as 2 mM glucose respectively. It was also shown that all SVCs displayed significantly greater capacity to form biofilms than the corresponding LCVs when cultured in LB at 37 °C. In addition, octanoyl-homoserine lactone (C(8)-HSL), a quorum sensing molecule, was identified by mass spectrometry analysis in bacterial isolates referred to as LCV CTH, LCV VIT, SCV TOM, SCV CTH, 1 and 3, and the presence of other AHL's with higher masses; decanoyl-homoserine lactone (C(10)-HSL) and dodecanoyl-homoserine lactone (C(12)-HSL) were also found in all tested strain in this study. Last but not least, we had successfully acquired two Bacillus sp. soil isolates, termed KW and SA respectively, which possessed strong AHLs degradation activity. Biofilm formation of B. pseudomallei isolates was significantly decreased after treated with culture supernatants of KW and SA strains, demonstrating that AHLs may play a role in B. pseudomallei biofilm formation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Thin Layer
  8. Fulltext The characterisation of an alkali-stable maltogenic amylase from Bacillus lehensis G1 and improved malto-oligosaccharide production by hydrolysis suppression
    Abdul Manas NH, Pachelles S, Mahadi NM, Illias RM
    PLoS One, 2014;9(9):e106481.
    PMID: 25221964 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106481
    A maltogenic amylase (MAG1) from alkaliphilic Bacillus lehensis G1 was cloned, expressed in Escherichia coli, purified and characterised for its hydrolysis and transglycosylation properties. The enzyme exhibited high stability at pH values from 7.0 to 10.0. The hydrolysis of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) produced malto-oligosaccharides of various lengths. In addition to hydrolysis, MAG1 also demonstrated transglycosylation activity for the synthesis of longer malto-oligosaccharides. The thermodynamic equilibrium of the multiple reactions was shifted towards synthesis when the reaction conditions were optimised and the water activity was suppressed, which resulted in a yield of 38% transglycosylation products consisting of malto-oligosaccharides of various lengths. Thin layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography analyses revealed the presence of malto-oligosaccharides with a higher degree of polymerisation than maltoheptaose, which has never been reported for other maltogenic amylases. The addition of organic solvents into the reaction further suppressed the water activity. The increase in the transglycosylation-to-hydrolysis ratio from 1.29 to 2.15 and the increased specificity toward maltopentaose production demonstrated the enhanced synthetic property of the enzyme. The high transglycosylation activity of maltogenic amylase offers a great advantage for synthesising malto-oligosaccharides and rare carbohydrates.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Thin Layer
  9. Fulltext The Role of Semipurified Fractions Isolated from Quercus infectoria on Bone Metabolism by Using hFOB 1.19 Human Fetal Osteoblast Cell Model
    Abdullah AR, Hapidin H, Abdullah H
    Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2018;2018:5319528.
    PMID: 29861772 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5319528
    Background. Quercus infectoria (QI) is a plant used in traditional medicines in Asia. The plant was reported to contain various active phytochemical compounds that have potential to stimulate bone formation. However, the precise mechanism of the stimulation effect of QI on osteoblast has not been elucidated. The present study was carried out to isolate QI semipurified fractions from aqueous QI extract and to delineate the molecular mechanism of QI semipurified fraction that enhanced bone formation by using hFOB1.19 human fetal osteoblast cell model. Methods. Isolation of QI semipurified fractions was established by means of column chromatography and thin layer chromatography. Established QI semipurified fractions were identified using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). Cells were treated with derived QI semipurified fractions and investigated for mineralization deposition and protein expression level of BMP-2, Runx2, and OPN by ELISA followed gene expression analysis of BMP-2 and Runx2 by RT-PCR. Results. Column chromatography isolation and purification yield Fractions A, B, and C. LC-MS analysis reveals the presence of polyphenols in each fraction. Results show that QI semipurified fractions increased the activity and upregulated the gene expression of BMP-2 and Runx2 at day 1, day 3, and day 7. OPN activity increased in cells treated with QI semipurified fractions at day 1 and day 3. Meanwhile, at day 7, expression of OPN decreased in activity. Furthermore, the study showed that combination of Fractions A, B, and C with osteoporotic drug (pamidronate) further increased the activity and upregulated the gene expression of BMP-2 and Runx2. Conclusions. These findings demonstrated that polyphenols from semipurified fractions of QI enhanced bone formation through expression of the investigated bone-related marker that is its potential role when combined with readily available osteoporotic drug.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Thin Layer
  10. The Production of 9-methoxycanthin-6-one from Callus Cultures of (Eurycoma longifolia Jack) Tongkat Ali
    Maziah M, Rosli N
    Methods Mol Biol, 2009;547:359-69.
    PMID: 19521859 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60327-287-2_29
    Plant cell culture technology is potentially useful in producing high-valued secondary metabolites. Eurycoma longifolia root extracts are consumed as a health tonic but more popularly used as an aphrodisiac. Studies on the aphrodisiac properties and the possible compounds involved have been widely studied. There are many potentially useful compounds reported from the root extracts of E. longifolia. However, studies on the in vitro production of useful compounds from this plant have not been reported. This chapter will describe methods of callus induction and extraction of 9-methoxycanthin-6-one from E. longifolia Jack explants with emphasis on the tap and fibrous roots. This compound, known to have anti-tumour activity, is present in intact plant parts and in callus tissues of different explants.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Thin Layer
  11. Studies on diuretic and hypouricemic effects of Orthosiphon stamineus methanol extracts in rats
    Arafat OM, Tham SY, Sadikun A, Zhari I, Haughton PJ, Asmawi MZ
    J Ethnopharmacol, 2008 Aug 13;118(3):354-60.
    PMID: 18602231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.04.015
    AIM OF THE STUDY: Orthosiphon stamineus (Labiatae) is a traditional folk medicine widely used in Southeast Asia for the treatment of several kidney disorders, gout and as a diuretic. This study was conducted to examine the diuretic and hypouricemic effects of Orthosiphon stamineus leaf extracts.
    MATERIALS AND METHODS: The diuretic effect of different methanol extracts was examined by treating different groups of Sprague-Dawley rats with single (2g/kg) oral doses of methanol and methanol:water (1:1) extracts. Hydrochlorothiazide (10mg/kg) was used as positive control in acute study. Methanol and methanol water (1:1) extracts at 0.5 g/kg were administered for a period of 7 consecutive days. Cumulative urine volume and electrolytes (Na+ and K+) concentrations at different time intervals were measured. On the other hand, hypouricemic activity of methanol:water extract (1:1) was experimented using different oral single doses (0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2g/kg). Allopurinol was used as positive control. Uric acid concentration in serum was analyzed by using RP-HPLC at 280 nm.
    RESULTS: Sodium and potassium excretion increased significantly (p<0.05 and <0.01) in the first 8h of treatment with a single dose (2g/kg) of the extracts in a pattern comparable to that of the known diuretic hydrochlorothiazide. Meanwhile, repeated administration of 0.5 g/kg methanol:water (1:1) extract showed a significant increase in urine volume (from day 3 to day 7) (p<0.01) and electrolytes excretion (Na+ and K+) from day 2 to day 7 (p<0.05 and <0.01). On the other hand, 0.5, 1 and 2g/kg of methanol:water (1:1) extract and the standard allopurinol reduced the serum urate level in hyperuricemic rats at hour 6.
    CONCLUSION: These results provided an evidence of the high tendency of methanol:water (1:1) extract of Orthosiphon stamineus towards diuretic and hypouricemic effects in rats.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Thin Layer
  12. Secretory expression and characterization of a highly Ca2+-activated thermostable L2 lipase
    Sabri S, Rahman RN, Leow TC, Basri M, Salleh AB
    Protein Expr Purif, 2009 Dec;68(2):161-6.
    PMID: 19679187 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2009.08.002
    Thermostable lipases are important biocatalysts, showing many interesting properties with industrial applications. Previously, a thermophilic Bacillus sp. strain L2 that produces a thermostable lipase was isolated. In this study, the gene encoding for mature thermostable L2 lipase was cloned into a Pichia pastoris expression vector. Under the control of the methanol-inducible alcohol oxidase (AOX) promoter, the recombinant L2 lipase was secreted into the culture medium driven by the Saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-factor signal sequence. After optimization the maximum recombinant lipase activity achieved in shake flasks was 125 U/ml. The recombinant 44.5 kDa L2 lipase was purified 1.8-fold using affinity chromatography with 63.2% yield and a specific activity of 458.1 U/mg. Its activity was maximal at 70 degrees C and pH 8.0. Lipase activity increased 5-fold in the presence of Ca2+. L2 lipase showed a preference for medium to long chain triacylglycerols (C(10)-C(16)), corn oil, olive oil, soybean oil, and palm oil. Stabilization at high temperature and alkaline pH as well as its broad substrate specificity offer great potential for application in various industries that require high temperature operations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Thin Layer
  13. Safety assessment of standardised methanol extract of Cinnamomum burmannii
    Ahmad M, Lim CP, Akowuah GA, Ismail NN, Hashim MA, Hor SY, et al.
    Phytomedicine, 2013 Sep 15;20(12):1124-30.
    PMID: 23827665 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.05.005
    The present study aims to evaluate the safety of methanol extract of Cinnamomum burmannii (MECB) by acute 14-day (single dose) and sub-chronic 28-day (repeated doses) oral administration to Sprague-Dawley rats. Our results showed that no toxicity was found in either acute or sub-chronic toxicity studies. MECB (containing 0.07% and 0.20% (w/w) of coumarin and trans-cinnamaldehyde, respectively), which was given orally at doses of 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg caused neither visible signs of toxicity nor mortality. No significant differences were observed in general condition, growth, organ weight, hematological parameters, biochemical values, or the gross and microscopic appearance of the organs from the treatment groups as compared to the control group. In conclusion, MECB did not cause any mortality nor did it cause any abnormalities in the necropsy and histopathology findings of treated rats. The LD50 for the MECB was found to be more than 2000 mg/kg. No adverse effects were observed in the treated rats at all the doses tested. The no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for the 28-day study was determined to be 2000 mg/kg body weight/day.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Thin Layer
  14. Fulltext Relationship between Ganoderma Ergosterol Concentration and Basal Stem Rot Disease Progress on Elaeis guineensis
    Md Saad M, Ali NS, Meon S
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2020 Apr;31(1):19-43.
    PMID: 32963709 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2020.31.1.2
    Basal stem rot (BSR) is a devastating disease to Malaysian oil palm. Current techniques employed for BSR disease detection on oil palm are laborious, time consuming, costly, and subjected to accuracy limitations. An ergosterol detection method was developed, whereby it correlated well with the degree of infection in oil palm. This current study was designed to study the relationship between Ganoderma biomass, ergosterol concentration, BSR disease progress and to validate the efficiency of microwave assisted extraction (MAE) method for extraction of ergosterol compound. In addition, testing on the sensitivity of thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis for detection of ergosterol was also the aim of this study. The optimised procedure involved extracting a small amount of Ganoderma-infected oil palm root tissues suspended in low volumes of solvent followed by irradiation in a conventional microwave oven at 70°C and medium high power for 30 s, resulting in simultaneous extraction and saponification. Based on the results obtained, MAE method may be effective in extracting low to high yields of ergosterol from infected oil palm roots demonstrating disease scale 2, 3 and 4. Positive relationship was observed between ergosterol content and inoculation period starting day 3 in the inoculated oil palm seedlings and hour 6 in germinated seeds. TLC analysis demonstrated a good correlation with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) quantification. Therefore, a semi-quantitative TLC analysis may be applied for handling a large amount of samples during onset field survey.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Thin Layer
  15. Fulltext Reinventing nano drug delivery systems for hydrophilic active ingredients in Ayurvedic lipid based formulations containing poly herbal decoction
    Duraipandi S, Selvakumar V
    J Ayurveda Integr Med, 2019 01 08;11(3):224-227.
    PMID: 30635246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2018.01.008
    BACKGROUND: Anu Tailam, an Ayurvedic medicated oil where 'anu' meant for atom and 'tailam' meant for oil and virtually meant for 'oil of subtle or atomic size particles'. Since the major active ingredients in this formulation are incorporated from the polyherbal decoction, it is expected to contain predominantly water soluble ingredients.

    OBJECTIVES: It is hypothesized that these polar active botanical ingredients are present in the formulation should be either suspended in the form of submicron particles or entrapped in the submicron vesicular structures since the formulation did not show any precipitation or phase separation instead showed a monophasic oily liquid with very little moisture.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the present investigation, the micro architecture of the anu tailam is studied via column chromatography and high performance thin layer chromatography to prove the contents are polar hydrophilic compounds followed by optical microscopy, photon correlation Spectroscopy (PCS) and environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) to study the particle/vesicle size of the formulation.

    RESULTS: In this study, it was proved that the formulation contained only polar ingredients and can be extracted in polar solvents like methanol and ethanol. It was also found that the formulation taken for study contained nano particles of the active botanical ingredients embedded in a network of vesicular structures of the lipid base.

    CONCLUSION: The selected Ayurvedic formulation 'anutailam' found to contain novel nano drug delivery system to deliver water soluble ingredients across barriers.

    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Thin Layer
  16. Rapid thin-layer chromatographic semiquantification of morphine in urine via dabsylation: comparison with EMIT and thin-layer chromatographic-iodoplatinate methods
    Wang SY, Tham SY, Poon MK
    Clin Chem, 1989 Feb;35(2):329-30.
    PMID: 2644060
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Thin Layer/methods
  17. Rapid evaluation and comparison of natural products and antioxidant activity in calendula, feverfew, and German chamomile extracts
    Agatonovic-Kustrin S, Babazadeh Ortakand D, Morton DW, Yusof AP
    J Chromatogr A, 2015 Mar 13;1385:103-10.
    PMID: 25666499 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.01.067
    The present study describes a simple high performance thin layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method for the simultaneous quantification of apigenin, chamazulene, bisabolol and the use of DPPH free radical as a post-chromatographic derivatization agent to compare the free radical scavenging activities of these components in leaf and flower head extracts from feverfew, German chamomile and marigold from the Asteraceae family. Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium) leaves have been traditionally used in the treatment of migraine with parthenolide being the main bioactive compound. However, due to similar flowers, feverfew is sometimes mistaken for the German chamomile (Matricaria recutita). Bisabolol and chamazulene are the main components in chamomile essential oil. Marigold (Calendula officinalis) was included in the study for comparison, as it belongs to the same family. Parthenolide was found to be present in all leaf extracts but was not detected in calendula flower extract. Chamazulene and bisabolol were found to be present in higher concentrations in chamomile and Calendula flowers. Apigenin was detected and quantified only in chamomile extracts (highest concentration in flower head extracts). Antioxidant activity in sample extracts was compared by superimposing the chromatograms obtained after post-chromatographic derivatization with DPPH and post-chromatographic derivatization with anisaldehyde. It was found that extracts from chamomile flower heads and leaves have the most prominent antioxidant activity, with bisabolol and chamazulene being the most effective antioxidants.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Thin Layer
  18. Rapid detection of Ganoderma-infected oil palms by microwave ergosterol extraction with HPLC and TLC
    Muniroh MS, Sariah M, Zainal Abidin MA, Lima N, Paterson RR
    J Microbiol Methods, 2014 May;100:143-7.
    PMID: 24681306 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2014.03.005
    Detection of basal stem rot (BSR) by Ganoderma of oil palms was based on foliar symptoms and production of basidiomata. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays-Polyclonal Antibody (ELISA-PAB) and PCR have been proposed as early detection methods for the disease. These techniques are complex, time consuming and have accuracy limitations. An ergosterol method was developed which correlated well with the degree of infection in oil palms, including samples growing in plantations. However, the method was capable of being optimised. This current study was designed to develop a simpler, more rapid and efficient ergosterol method with utility in the field that involved the use of microwave extraction. The optimised procedure involved extracting a small amount of Ganoderma, or Ganoderma-infected oil palm suspended in low volumes of solvent followed by irradiation in a conventional microwave oven at 70°C and medium high power for 30s, resulting in simultaneous extraction and saponification. Ergosterol was detected by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and quantified using high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. The TLC method was novel and provided a simple, inexpensive method with utility in the field. The new method was particularly effective at extracting high yields of ergosterol from infected oil palm and enables rapid analysis of field samples on site, allowing infected oil palms to be treated or culled very rapidly. Some limitations of the method are discussed herein. The procedures lend themselves to controlling the disease more effectively and allowing more effective use of land currently employed to grow oil palms, thereby reducing pressure to develop new plantations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Thin Layer/methods*
  19. Fulltext Quorum sensing activity of Hafnia alvei isolated from packed food
    Tan JY, Yin WF, Chan KG
    Sensors (Basel), 2014 Apr 14;14(4):6788-96.
    PMID: 24736131 DOI: 10.3390/s140406788
    Quorum sensing (QS) is a mechanism adopted by bacteria to regulate expression of genes according to population density. N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs) are a type of QS signalling molecules commonly found in Gram-negative bacteria which have been reported to play a role in microbial spoilage of foods and pathogenesis. In this study, we isolated an AHL-producing Hafnia alvei strain (FB1) from spherical fish pastes. Analysis via high resolution triple quadrupole liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) on extracts from the spent supernatant of H. alvei FB1 revealed the existence of two short chain AHLs: N-(3-oxohexanoyl) homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C6-HSL) and N-(3-oxo- octanoyl) homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C8-HSL). To our knowledge, this is the first report of the production of AHLs, especially 3-oxo-C8-HSL, by H. alvei.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Thin Layer
  20. Fulltext Quorum sensing activity of Aeromonas caviae strain YL12, a bacterium isolated from compost
    Lim YL, Ee R, Yin WF, Chan KG
    Sensors (Basel), 2014 Apr 22;14(4):7026-40.
    PMID: 24759107 DOI: 10.3390/s140407026
    Quorum sensing is a well-studied cell-to-cell communication method that involves a cell-density dependent regulation of genes expression mediated by signalling molecules. In this study, a bacterium isolated from a plant material compost pile was found to possess quorum sensing activity based on bioassay screening. Isolate YL12 was identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry and molecular typing using rpoD gene which identified the isolate as Aeromonas caviae. High resolution tandem mass spectrometry was subsequently employed to identify the N-acyl homoserine lactone profile of Aeromonas caviae YL12 and confirmed that this isolate produced two short chain N-acyl homoserine lactones, namely C4-HSL and C6, and the production was observed to be cell density-dependent. Using the thin layer chromatography (TLC) bioassay, both AHLs were found to activate C. violaceum CV026, whereas only C6-HSL was revealed to induce bioluminescence expression of E. coli [pSB401]. The data presented in this study will be the leading steps in understanding the role of quorum sensing in Aeromonas caviae strain YL12.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Thin Layer
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