Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 53 in total

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  1. Fulltext Role of pomegranate and citrus fruit juices in colon cancer prevention
    Jaganathan SK, Vellayappan MV, Narasimhan G, Supriyanto E
    World J Gastroenterol, 2014 Apr 28;20(16):4618-25.
    PMID: 24782614 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i16.4618
    Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Recent studies prove that though chemotherapeutic agents are being used for the treatment of colon cancer, they become non-effective when the cancer progresses to an invasive stage. Since consumption of certain dietary agents has been linked with various cancers, fruit juices have been investigated for their consistently protective effect against colon cancer. The unique biochemical composition of fruit juices is responsible for their anticancer properties. In this review, the chemo-preventive effect of fruit juices such as pomegranate and citrus juices against colon cancer are discussed. For this purpose, the bioavailability, in vitro and in vivo effects of these fruit juices on colorectal cancer are highlighted. Moreover, there is a scarcity of studies involving human trials to estimate the preventive nature of these juices against colon cancer. This review will support the need for more preclinical tests with these crude juices and their constituents in different colorectal cancer cell lines and also some epidemiological studies in order to have a better understanding and promote pomegranate and citrus juices as crusaders against colon cancer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Colonic Neoplasms/pathology
  2. Fulltext Events associated with apoptotic effect of p-Coumaric acid in HCT-15 colon cancer cells
    Jaganathan SK, Supriyanto E, Mandal M
    World J Gastroenterol, 2013 Nov 21;19(43):7726-34.
    PMID: 24282361 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i43.7726
    AIM: To investigate the events associated with the apoptotic effect of p-Coumaric acid, one of the phenolic components of honey, in human colorectal carcinoma (HCT-15) cells.

    METHODS: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tertazolium-bromide assay was performed to determine the antiproliferative effect of p-Coumaric acid against colon cancer cells. Colony forming assay was conducted to quantify the colony inhibition in HCT 15 and HT 29 colon cancer cells after p-Coumaric acid treatment. Propidium Iodide staining of the HCT 15 cells using flow cytometry was done to study the changes in the cell cycle of treated cells. Identification of apoptosis was done using scanning electron microscope and photomicrograph evaluation of HCT 15 cells after exposing to p-Coumaric acid. Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) of HCT 15 cells exposed to p-Coumaric acid was evaluated using 2', 7'-dichlorfluorescein-diacetate. Mitochondrial membrane potential of HCT-15 was assessed using rhodamine-123 with the help of flow cytometry. Lipid layer breaks associated with p-Coumaric acid treatment was quantified using the dye merocyanine 540. Apoptosis was confirmed and quantified using flow cytometric analysis of HCT 15 cells subjected to p-Coumaric acid treatment after staining with YO-PRO-1.

    RESULTS: Antiproliferative test showed p-Coumaric acid has an inhibitory effect on HCT 15 and HT 29 cells with an IC₅₀ (concentration for 50% inhibition) value of 1400 and 1600 μmol/L respectively. Colony forming assay revealed the time-dependent inhibition of HCT 15 and HT 29 cells subjected to p-Coumaric acid treatment. Propidium iodide staining of treated HCT 15 cells showed increasing accumulation of apoptotic cells (37.45 ± 1.98 vs 1.07 ± 1.01) at sub-G1 phase of the cell cycle after p-Coumaric acid treatment. HCT-15 cells observed with photomicrograph and scanning electron microscope showed the signs of apoptosis like blebbing and shrinkage after p-Coumaric acid exposure. Evaluation of the lipid layer showed increasing lipid layer breaks was associated with the growth inhibition of p-Coumaric acid. A fall in mitochondrial membrane potential and increasing ROS generation was observed in the p-Coumaric acid treated cells. Further apoptosis evaluated by YO-PRO-1 staining also showed the time-dependent increase of apoptotic cells after treatment.

    CONCLUSION: These results depicted that p-Coumaric acid inhibited the growth of colon cancer cells by inducing apoptosis through ROS-mitochondrial pathway.

    Matched MeSH terms: Colonic Neoplasms/pathology*
  3. Cellular prion protein contributes to LS 174T colon cancer cell carcinogenesis by increasing invasiveness and resistance against doxorubicin-induced apoptosis
    Chieng CK, Say YH
    Tumour Biol., 2015 Sep;36(10):8107-20.
    PMID: 25983001 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3530-z
    As the cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) has been implicated in carcinogenesis, we aimed to investigate the effects of cancer cell-specific PrP(C) overexpression from the invasion, metastasis, and apoptosis aspects, by performing cell motility assays, cell proliferation assays under anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent conditions, and apoptosis evasion when subjected to multiple anti-cancer drugs. Overexpression of PrP(C) in LS 174T was achieved by stable transfection. PrP(C) overexpression was shown to increase cell proliferation in anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent manners, as shown by more viable cells in 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, more colonies formed in soft agar assay and increased resistance to anoikis in poly-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-coated surface. PrP(C) overexpression also increased cell motility and invasiveness of LS 174T. Cell adhesion to extracellular matrix using collagen- and fibronectin-coated surfaces revealed increased cell attachment in LS 174T cells overexpressing PrP(C). Analysis of apoptotic and necrotic cells by propidium iodide/annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate microscopy and 7-amino-actinomycin D/annexin V-phycoerythrin flow cytometry revealed that PrP(C) overexpression attenuated doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. Human apoptosis antibody array with 35 apoptosis-related proteins revealed that three inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs)-survivin, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), and cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein-1 (cIAP-1)-were upregulated in LS 174T cells overexpressing PrP(C) in doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. In conclusion, the overexpression of PrP(C) could enhance the invasiveness and survival of LS 174T colorectal cancer cells, indicating that PrP(C) plays a role in colorectal cancer biology.
    Matched MeSH terms: Colonic Neoplasms/pathology*
  4. γ-Synuclein confers both pro-invasive and doxorubicin-mediated pro-apoptotic properties to the colon adenocarcinoma LS 174T cell line
    Goh KW, Say YH
    Tumour Biol., 2015 Sep;36(10):7947-60.
    PMID: 25956278 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3455-6
    γ-synuclein, a neuronal protein of the synuclein family, is involved in carcinogenesis. To investigate its role in colorectal cancer carcinogenesis, we overexpressed γ-synuclein in LS 174T colon adenocarcinoma cell line (termed LS 174T-γsyn). When compared with untransfected/mock transfectants, LS 174T-γsyn had higher mobility in scratch wound assay, tend to scatter more in cell-scattering assay, and had enhanced lamellipodia and filopodia formation in cell-spreading assay. Enhanced adhesion of LS 174T-γsyn to fibronectin and collagen and significantly higher proliferation rate showed that γ-synuclein was able to increase extracellular matrix interaction and promoted proliferation of LS 174T. Higher invasiveness of LS 174T-γsyn was evidenced by enhanced invasion to the bottom of the basement membrane in Boyden chamber assay. However, LS 174T-γsyn were significantly more vulnerable to doxorubicin, vincristine and hydrogen peroxide insults, via apoptotic cell death. LS 174T-γsyn also had reduced anchorage-independent growth as shown by reduced colony formation and reduced anoikis resistance. We found that overexpression of γ-synuclein confers both pro-invasive and doxorubicin-mediated pro-apoptotic properties to LS 174T, where the former was mediated through enhanced cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation, while the latter involved hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) downregulation and subsequent downstream signalling pathways possibly involving extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)1/2, p38α, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pan and Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STATs). This unexpected contrasting finding as compared to other similar studies on colon cancer cell lines might be correlated with the degree of tumour advancement from which the cell lines were derived from.
    Matched MeSH terms: Colonic Neoplasms/pathology*
  5. Fulltext Synchronous adenocarcinoma of caecum, transverse colon and jejunum
    Leong BD, Ramu P, Kumar VM, Chuah JA
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Jun;63(2):148-9.
    PMID: 18942304 MyJurnal
    Synchronous cancers are defined as malignant tumours that occur simultaneously, each of which must be distinct with no possibility of one being the metastasis of the other. A 65 year old gentleman presented to us with two month history of epigastric pain associated with anaemia, loss of appetite and weight. He has no history of malignancy in his family. Colonoscopy revealed tumours at transverse colon and caecum. Intra-operatively, tumours were sited at caecum, transverse colon and jejunum. Tumours were diagnosed as synchronous adenocarcinoma histopathologically with loss of expression of MLH1 and MSH2. From literature search, this is the first reported triple synchronous tumours of the caecum, transverse colon and jejunum. We believe that this gentleman developed triple synchronous tumour through the sporadic MSI pathway.
    Matched MeSH terms: Colonic Neoplasms/pathology*
  6. Colon carcinoma with endobronchial metastasis masquerading as bronchial asthma causing ball valve effect
    Kho SS, Yong MC, Chan SK, Tie ST, Voon PJ
    Med J Malaysia, 2018 12;73(6):403-404.
    PMID: 30647213
    Malignant central airway obstruction (CAO) with ball valve effect (BVE) in the lung is rare. We discuss a case of metastatic colon cancer who presented with asthma like symptoms which thoracic computed tomography and bronchoscopy revealed an intraluminal tumour obstructing the left main bronchus in a ball valve manner. Airway patency was restored urgently with immediate alleviation of symptoms. This illustrates the importance of recognizing subtle features of central airway obstruction to allow expedition of appropriate investigations and therapy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Colonic Neoplasms/pathology*
  7. Heterotopic ossification in skeletal muscle metastasis from colonic adenocarcinoma--a case report
    Naik VR, Jaafar H, Mutum SS
    Malays J Pathol, 2005 Dec;27(2):119-21.
    PMID: 17191396
    Colonic adenocarcinoma metastasising to the skeletal muscle is rare. A-56-yr-old Malay man was diagnosed to have adenocarcinoma of the right colon [Dukes B] for which a right hemicolectomy was performed, followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Five years later the patient presented with a mass in the rectus abdominis muscle. The serum carcinoembryonic antigen was 71 ng/Ml. The mass was resected. Gross and microscopical examination showed multiple deposits of mucin-secreting adenocarcinoma with prominent heterotopic ossification in the stroma. The exact pathogenesis and significance of heterotopic ossification is not clear, but bone morphogenetic proteins may play an important role.
    Matched MeSH terms: Colonic Neoplasms/pathology*
  8. Colonic adenosquamous carcinoma and mucinous adenocarcinoma with microsatellite instability
    Parra-Medina R, Lopez-Correa P, Gutierrez V, Polo F
    Malays J Pathol, 2018 Aug;40(2):199-202.
    PMID: 30173239
    A 43-year-old man presented with two-month history of fatigue, weakness, paleness, rectal bleeding, sweating, and weight loss of 10 kg in the past one month. A complete blood count revealed anaemia. The patient underwent a right hemicolectomy. The microscopic examination revealed an adenosquamous carcinoma associated with a mucinous adenocarcinoma in a patient with microsatellite instability due to loss of MLH1 and PMS2 expression and retention of MSH2 and MSH6 expression in both the squamous and glandular components. We also observed an atypical immunohistochemical phenotype in the adenocarcinoma component showing CK7 expression and reduced CK20 and CDX2 expression.
    Matched MeSH terms: Colonic Neoplasms/pathology*
  9. One patient, two lymphomas, three primaries
    Eshra A, Al-Hendal A, Al Enezi M, Al-Mishaan M, Abo Dief W
    Gulf J Oncolog, 2010 Jul.
    PMID: 20601338
    Concomitant adenocarcinoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, both located in the intestinal tract, are unusual. Collision tumors of the colon on the other hand are extremely rare neoplasms. A case of true collision tumor of a marginal zone lymphoma and a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the ascending colon (hepatic flexure) is reported. Simultaneously, a third primary is identified as follicular lymphoma involving the terminal ileum. Correlation with clinical history, radiology investigations, endoscopic findings and histological examination of the resected specimen as well as the use of ancillary techniques such as immunohistochemistry are the most useful in making the correct diagnosis of a synchronous three primaries involving the small bowel and colon. Therefore, we present these three primary synchronous neoplasms involving two different parts of the gastrointestinal tract, with two of these three primaries colliding at one organ.
    Matched MeSH terms: Colonic Neoplasms/pathology*
  10. Abscess of the abdominal wall resulting from perforated ascending colon cancer
    Al-Hendal A, Al-Masri W, Al-Mishaan M, Alexander S
    Gulf J Oncolog, 2009 Jan.
    PMID: 20084789
    We report an unusual case of abscess of the abdominal wall as the initial symptom of a perforated right-sided colon cancer in a 62-year old man. Clinical examination revealed a non-fluctuating, tender, firm mass approximately 7 x 5 cm in diameter with overlying cellulitis in the right loin. Abdominal examination showed a fixed mass on the right side of the abdomen. Computed tomography (CT scan) confirmed the presence of a mass arising from the right colon with infiltration of the subcutaneous tissue by this intra-abdominal mass. Right hemicolectomy with lymph node dissection and en-bloc partial resection of the adherent parietal wall was performed and the final pathology showed a moderately differentiated mucinous adenocarcinoma. We report a case of ascending colon cancer presenting by an abscess of the abdominal wall.
    Matched MeSH terms: Colonic Neoplasms/pathology*
  11. Retroperitoneal malignant fibrous histiocytoma causing profuse bleeding per rectum
    Sim PH, Pathmanathan R, Jalleh RP
    Aust N Z J Surg, 1995 Jan;65(1):68-70.
    PMID: 7818432
    A case is reported of retroperitoneal malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) invading into the colon, causing fresh bleeding per rectum. It illustrates the difficulty encountered in the pre-operative diagnosis of this condition, especially in a patient with an atypical presentation of profuse lower gastrointestinal bleeding.
    Matched MeSH terms: Colonic Neoplasms/pathology
  12. Fulltext Flavokawain C Inhibits Cell Cycle and Promotes Apoptosis, Associated with Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Regulation of MAPKs and Akt Signaling Pathways in HCT 116 Human Colon Carcinoma Cells
    Phang CW, Karsani SA, Sethi G, Abd Malek SN
    PLoS One, 2016;11(2):e0148775.
    PMID: 26859847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148775
    Flavokawain C (FKC) is a naturally occurring chalcone which can be found in Kava (Piper methysticum Forst) root. The present study evaluated the effect of FKC on the growth of various human cancer cell lines and the underlying associated mechanisms. FKC showed higher cytotoxic activity against HCT 116 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner in comparison to other cell lines (MCF-7, HT-29, A549 and CaSki), with minimal toxicity on normal human colon cells. The apoptosis-inducing capability of FKC on HCT 116 cells was evidenced by cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation and increased phosphatidylserine externalization. FKC was found to disrupt mitochondrial membrane potential, resulting in the release of Smac/DIABLO, AIF and cytochrome c into the cytoplasm. Our results also revealed that FKC induced intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis via upregulation of the levels of pro-apoptotic proteins (Bak) and death receptors (DR5), while downregulation of the levels of anti-apoptotic proteins (XIAP, cIAP-1, c-FlipL, Bcl-xL and survivin), resulting in the activation of caspase-3, -8 and -9 and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). FKC was also found to cause endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, as suggested by the elevation of GADD153 protein after FKC treatment. After the cells were exposed to FKC (60μM) over 18hrs, there was a substantial increase in the phosphorylation of ERK 1/2. The expression of phosphorylated Akt was also reduced. FKC also caused cell cycle arrest in the S phase in HCT 116 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner and with accumulation of cells in the sub-G1 phase. This was accompanied by the downregulation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK2 and CDK4), consistent with the upregulation of CDK inhibitors (p21Cip1 and p27Kip1), and hypophosphorylation of Rb.
    Matched MeSH terms: Colonic Neoplasms/pathology
  13. Fulltext Combined ginger extract & Gelam honey modulate Ras/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathway genes in colon cancer HT29 cells
    Tahir AA, Sani NF, Murad NA, Makpol S, Ngah WZ, Yusof YA
    Nutr J, 2015;14:31.
    PMID: 25889965 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-015-0015-2
    The interconnected Ras/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways play a central role in colorectal tumorigenesis, and they are targets for elucidating mechanisms involved in attempts to induce colon cancer cell death. Both ginger (Zingiber officinale) and honey have been shown to exhibit anti-tumor and anti-inflammation properties against many types of cancer, including colorectal cancer. However, there are currently no reports showing the combined effect of these two dietary compounds in cancer growth inhibition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the synergistic effect of crude ginger extract and Gelam honey in combination as potential cancer chemopreventive agents against the colorectal cancer cell line HT29.
    Matched MeSH terms: Colonic Neoplasms/pathology
  14. Fulltext Germinated brown rice (GBR) reduces the incidence of aberrant crypt foci with the involvement of beta-catenin and COX-2 in azoxymethane-induced colon cancer in rats
    Latifah SY, Armania N, Tze TH, Azhar Y, Nordiana AH, Norazalina S, et al.
    Nutr J, 2010 Mar 26;9:16.
    PMID: 20346115 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-9-16
    Chemoprevention has become an important area in cancer research due to the failure of current therapeutic modalities. Epidemiological and preclinical studies have demonstrated that nutrition plays a vital role in the etiology of cancer. This study was conducted to determine the chemopreventive effects of germinated brown rice (GBR) in rats induced with colon cancer. GBR is brown rice that has been claimed to be richer in nutrients compared to the common white rice. The male Sprague Dawley rats (6 weeks of age) were randomly divided into 5 groups: (G1) positive control (with colon cancer, unfed with GBR), (G2) fed with 2.5 g/kg of GBR (GBR (g)/weight of rat (kg)), (G3) fed with 5 g/kg of GBR, (G4) fed with 10 g/kg of GBR and (G5) negative control (without colon cancer, unfed with GBR). GBR was administered orally once daily via gavage after injection of 15 mg/kg of body weight of azoxymethane (AOM) once a week for two weeks, intraperitonially. After 8 weeks of treatment, animals were sacrificed and colons were removed. Colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) were evaluated histopathologically. Total number of ACF and AC, and multicrypt of ACF, and the expression of beta-catenin and COX-2 reduced significantly (p < 0.05) in all the groups treated with GBR (G2, G3 and G4) compared to the control group (G1). Spearman rank correlation test showed significant positive linear relationship between total beta-catenin and COX-2 score (Spearman's rho = 0.616, p = 0.0001). It is demonstrated that GBR inhibits the development of total number of ACF and AC, and multicrypt of ACF, reduces the expression of beta-catenin and COX-2, and thus can be a promising dietary supplement in prevention of colon cancer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Colonic Neoplasms/pathology
  15. Fulltext Evaluation of Anti-Tumorigenic Effects of Diosmetin against Human Colon Cancer Xenografts in Athymic Nude Mice
    Koosha S, Mohamed Z, Sinniah A, Alshawsh MA
    Molecules, 2019 Jul 10;24(14).
    PMID: 31295840 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142522
    Colon cancer is the third most common type of cancer in the world. Diosmetin (Dis), a natural O-methylated flavone, has been reported to have anti-cancer effects against different types of cancer. Although the mechanisms of action of Dis against several cancer cell lines are well reported, in vivo anti-tumorigenesis properties of this compound are still obscure. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the anti-tumorigenesis properties of Dis against HCT-116 colon cancer xenografts in nude mice. HCT-116 colon cancer cells were injected in NCr nu/nu nude mice and treatment with Dis was initiated after the tumor volumes reached 100 mm3 and continued for four weeks. On the sacrificing date nude mice treated with 100 mg/kg of Dis showed significant lower tumor volume (264 ± 238.3 mm3) as compared to the untreated group (1428.8 ± 459.6 mm3). Anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein was significantly downregulated, while apoptotic protein (Bax) was significantly overexpressed in nude mice treated with 100 mg/kg Dis as compared to untreated mice. In conclusion, our in vivo results indicate that Dis significantly reduces tumor growth rate of HCT-116 colon cancer cells in nude mice at a dose of 100 mg/kg, and has no toxic effects in ICR mice up to 2000 mg/kg.
    Matched MeSH terms: Colonic Neoplasms/pathology
  16. Fulltext Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis Effects of Curcumin Analogue (2E,6E)-2,6-Bis(2,3-Dimethoxybenzylidine) Cyclohexanone (DMCH) on Human Colon Cancer Cells HT29 and SW620 In Vitro
    Rahim NFC, Hussin Y, Aziz MNM, Mohamad NE, Yeap SK, Masarudin MJ, et al.
    Molecules, 2021 Feb 26;26(5).
    PMID: 33652694 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051261
    Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer worldwide and a leading cause of cancer death. According to the Malaysian National Cancer Registry Report 2012-2016, colorectal cancer was the second most common cancer in Malaysia after breast cancer. Recent treatments for colon cancer cases have caused side effects and recurrence in patients. One of the alternative ways to fight cancer is by using natural products. Curcumin is a compound of the rhizomes of Curcuma longa that possesses a broad range of pharmacological activities. Curcumin has been studied for decades but due to its low bioavailability, its usage as a therapeutic agent has been compromised. This has led to the development of a chemically synthesized curcuminoid analogue, (2E,6E)-2,6-bis(2,3-dimethoxybenzylidine) cyclohexanone (DMCH), to overcome the drawbacks. This study aims to examine the potential of DMCH for cytotoxicity, apoptosis induction, and activation of apoptosis-related proteins on the colon cancer cell lines HT29 and SW620. The cytotoxic activity of DMCH was evaluated using the [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) cell viability assay on both of the cell lines, HT29 and SW620. To determine the mode of cell death, an acridine orange/propidium iodide (AO/PI) assay was conducted, followed by Annexin V/FITC, cell cycle analysis, and JC-1 assay using a flow cytometer. A proteome profiler angiogenesis assay was conducted to determine the protein expression. The inhibitory concentration (IC50) of DMCH in SW620 and HT29 was 7.50 ± 1.19 and 9.80 ± 0.55 µg/mL, respectively. The treated cells displayed morphological features characteristic of apoptosis. The flow cytometry analysis confirmed that DMCH induced apoptosis as shown by an increase in the sub-G0/G1 population and an increase in the early apoptosis and late apoptosis populations compared with untreated cells. A higher number of apoptotic cells were observed on treated SW620 cells as compared to HT29 cells. Human apoptosis proteome profiler analysis revealed upregulation of Bax and Bad proteins and downregulation of Livin proteins in both the HT29 and SW620 cell lines. Collectively, DMCH induced cell death via apoptosis, and the effect was more pronounced on SW620 metastatic colon cancer cells, suggesting its potential effects as an antimetastatic agent targeting colon cancer cells.
    Matched MeSH terms: Colonic Neoplasms/pathology
  17. Fulltext Cytotoxic, Anti-Proliferative and Apoptosis Activity of l-Amino Acid Oxidase from Malaysian Cryptelytrops purpureomaculatus (CP-LAAO) Venom on Human Colon Cancer Cells
    Zainal Abidin SA, Rajadurai P, Hoque Chowdhury ME, Othman I, Naidu R
    Molecules, 2018 06 08;23(6).
    PMID: 29890640 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061388
    The aim of this study is to investigate the potential anti-cancer activity of l-amino acid oxidase (CP-LAAO) purified from the venom of Cryptelytrops purpureomaculatus on SW480 and SW620 human colon cancer cells. Mass spectrometry guided purification was able to identify and purify CP-LAAO. Amino acid variations identified from the partial protein sequence of CP-LAAO may suggest novel variants of these proteins. The activity of the purified CP-LAAO was confirmed with o-phenyldiamine (OPD)-based spectrophotometric assay. CP-LAAO demonstrated time- and dose-dependent cytotoxic activity and the EC50 value was determined at 13 µg/mL for both SW480 and SW620 cells. Significant increase of caspase-3 activity, reduction of Bcl-2 levels, as well as morphological changes consistent with apoptosis were demonstrated by CP-LAAO. Overall, these data provide evidence on the potential anti-cancer activity of CP-LAAO from the venom of Malaysian C. purpureomaculatus for therapeutic intervention of human colon cancer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Colonic Neoplasms/pathology*
  18. Differential effects of sPLA2-GV and GX on cellular proliferation and lipid accumulation in HT29 colon cancer cells
    Yap WH, Phang SW, Ahmed N, Lim YM
    Mol Cell Biochem, 2018 Oct;447(1-2):93-101.
    PMID: 29374817 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3295-y
    Secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) group of enzymes have been shown to hydrolyze phospholipids, among which sPLA2 Group V (GV) and Group X (GX) exhibit high selectivity towards phosphatidylcholine-rich cellular plasma membranes. The enzymes have recently emerged as key regulators in lipid droplets formation and it is hypothesized that sPLA2-GV and GX enhanced cell proliferation and lipid droplet accumulation in colon cancer cells (HT29). In this study, cell viability and lipid droplet accumulation were assessed by Resazurin assay and Oil-Red-O staining. Interestingly, both sPLA2-GV and GX enzymes reduced intracellular lipid droplet accumulation and did not significantly affect cell proliferation in HT29 cells. Incubation with varespladib, a pan-inhibitor of sPLA2-Group IIA/V/X, further suppressed lipid droplets accumulation in sPLA2-GV but have no effects in sPLA2-GX-treated cells. Further studies using catalytically inactive sPLA2 enzymes showed that the enzymes intrinsic catalytic activity is required for the net reduction of lipid accumulation. Meanwhile, inhibition of intracellular phospholipases (iPLA2-γ and cPLA2-α) unexpectedly enhanced lipid droplet accumulation in both sPLA2-GV and GX-treated cells. The findings suggested an interconnected relationship between extracellular and intracellular phospholipases in lipid cycling. Previous studies indicated that sPLA2 enzymes are linked to cancer development due to their ability to induce release of arachidonic acid and eicosanoids as well as the stimulation of lipid droplet formation. This study showed that the two enzymes work in a distinct manner and they neither confer proliferative advantage nor enhanced the net lipid droplet accumulation in HT29 cells.
    Matched MeSH terms: Colonic Neoplasms/pathology
  19. Potential of Gold Candidates against Human Colon Cancer
    Abbasi M, Yaqoob M, Haque RA, Iqbal MA
    Mini Rev Med Chem, 2021;21(1):69-78.
    PMID: 32767935 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200807130721
    Development of novel metallodrugs with pharmacological profile plays a significant role in modern medicinal chemistry and drug design. Metal complexes have shown remarkable clinical results in current cancer therapy. Gold complexes have attained attention due to their high antiproliferative potential. Gold-based drugs are used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Gold-containing compounds with selective and specific targets are capable to assuage the symptoms of a range of human diseases. Gold (I) species with labile ligands (such as Cl in TEPAuCl) interact with isolated DNA; therefore, this biomolecule has been considered as a target for gold drugs. Gold (I) has a high affinity towards sulfur and selenium. Due to this, gold (I) drugs readily interact with cysteine or selenocysteine residue of the enzyme to form protein-gold(I) thiolate or protein-gold (I) selenolate complexes that lead to inhibition of the enzyme activity. Au(III) compounds due to their square-planner geometriesthe same as found in cisplatin, represent a good source for the development of anti-tumor agents. This article aims to review the most important applications of gold products in the treatment of human colon cancer and to analyze the complex interplay between gold and the human body.
    Matched MeSH terms: Colonic Neoplasms/pathology
  20. Bioengineered silver nanoparticles capped with bovine serum albumin and its anticancer and apoptotic activity against breast, bone and intestinal colon cancer cell lines
    Majeed S, Aripin FHB, Shoeb NSB, Danish M, Ibrahim MNM, Hashim R
    Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl, 2019 Sep;102:254-263.
    PMID: 31146998 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.04.041
    The aim of the current study was to biosynthesize the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from the bacterial strain of Bacillus cereus (ATCC 14579) extracellularly. When bacterial extract was challenged with 1 mM silver nitrate (AgNO3) the color of the extract changed into brown confirms the formation of nanoparticles. These nanoparticles were capped with bovine serum albumin (BSA). UV- visible spectroscopy showed the absorption peak at 420 nm indicates the formation of AgNPs. Fourier Infra -red (FTIR) attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectroscopy showed amide and amine group associated with AgNPs that stabilizes the nanoparticles. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) showed a strong peak of silver confirms the presence of silver. Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) analysis was used to determine the protein degradation showed less protein degradation at higher temperature confirms the stability of nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed the AgNPs are well dispersed and spherical, and 5.37 nm to 17.19 whereas albumin coated nanoparticles are size ranges from 11.26 nm to 23.85 nm. The anticancer effect of capped AgNPs (cAgNPs) showed the IC50 value against breast cancer MCF-7 at 80 μg/mL, intestinal colon cancer HCT- 116 60 μg/mL, and bone cancer osteosarcoma MG-63 cell line80 μg/mL while against normal fibroblast cells 3T3 cells showed the IC50 value at 140 μg/mL. Lactate dehydrogenase assay (LDH) showed higher toxicity on MCF-7, HCT-116, and MG-63 cells. The apoptotic study clearly showed the blebbing of membrane, chromatin condensation due to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by ethidium bromide and acridine orange dual staining method. The DNA analysis showed the complete fragmentation of the DNA of treated cells when compared with control cells.
    Matched MeSH terms: Colonic Neoplasms/pathology
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