METHODS: Eighteen pairs of colorectal cancerous tissues in addition to tissues from normal mucosa were analysed. Hydrophobic proteins were extracted from the tissues, separated using 2-D gel electrophoresis and analysed using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). Statistical analysis of the proteins was carried out in order to determine the significance of each protein to colorectal cancer (CRC) and also their relation to CRC stages, grades and patients' gender.
RESULTS: Thirteen differentially expressed proteins which were expressed abundantly in either cancerous or normal tissues were identified. A number of these proteins were found to relate strongly with a particular stage or grade of CRC. In addition, the association of these proteins with patient gender also appeared to be significant.
CONCLUSION: Stomatin-like protein 2 was found to be a promising biomarker for CRC, especially in female patients. The differentially expressed proteins identified were associated with CRC and may act as drug target candidates.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Paraffin blocks of 133 CRCs were retrieved from the Department of Pathology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Immunostaining was done using antibody to clusterin. Staining expression in 10% of malignant cells was used as a cut-off to determine low immunostaining and high immunostaining. Statistical tests were used to evaluate the association of clusterin immunostaining with clinicopathological parameters.
RESULTS: Immunohistochemical results showed clusterin low immunostaining in CRC and nodal metastases. No association was found between clusterin immunostaining and tumour grade, age, tumour invasiveness, distant metastases, vascular invasion, nodal metastases, relapse, and survival.
CONCLUSION: Our study showed low clusterin immunostaining in CRC with lack of association with prognostic indicators in CRC. These results raise the controversy of understanding the role of clusterin in CRC. Further molecular studies are required to explore more about possible mechanisms of clusterin association with tumorigenicity, apoptosis, tumour growth progression, local and vascular invasion, and metastasis of CRC.
METHODS: Colonic EMRs performed for polypoid and nonpolypoid lesions at a tertiary institution were prospectively collected and analyzed for efficacy, and short and long-term complications.
RESULTS: 224 colonic neoplasms (143 flat, 65 sessile and 16 subpedunculated) were excised by the standard inject-and-cut method, with standard accessories. The median size of all lesions was 10 mm (range 2-50 mm) and 110 (49.2%) lesions were located in the proximal colon. Histological completeness of resection was achieved in 87% of cases. Of the lesions 77.2% were dysplastic, with 5 cases of carcinoma in situ and 18 severely dysplastic adenomas. Complications included bleeding in five cases (2.2 %) and a single case of perforation (0.4%). All complications were managed endoscopically. Median follow up at 24 +/- 16 months (range 12-84 months) revealed a 7.2% local recurrence rate, all of which were subsequently eradicated by repeat EMR.
CONCLUSIONS: Standard inject-and-cut colonic EMR is practical and effective in the eradication of superficial colonic neoplasia.