Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 237 in total

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  1. Teerawattananon Y, Dabak SV, Isaranuwatchai W, Lertwilairatanapong T, Shafie AA, Suwantika AA, et al.
    Int J Health Policy Manag, 2022 Dec 19;11(12):3141-3144.
    PMID: 35942957 DOI: 10.34172/ijhpm.2022.7281
    The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought the need for regional collaboration on disease prevention and control to the fore. The review by Durrance-Bagale et al offers insights on the enablers, barriers and lessons learned from the experience of various regional initiatives. Translating these lessons into action, however, remains a challenge. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) planned to establish a regional centre for disease control; however, many factors have slowed the realisation of these efforts. Going forward, regional initiatives should be able to address the complexity of emerging infectious diseases through a One Health approach, assess the social and economic impact of diseases on the region and study the real-world effectiveness of regional collaborations. The initiatives should seek to be inclusive of stakeholders including those from the private sector and should identify innovative measures for financing. This advancement will enable regions such as ASEAN to effectively prepare for the next pandemic.
    Matched MeSH terms: Communicable Diseases*
  2. Chee CS
    Family Practitioner, 1984;7:9-14.
    Matched MeSH terms: Communicable Diseases
  3. Singh S, Meher N, Mohammed A, Razab MKAA, Bhaskar LVKS, Nawi NM
    Medicine (Baltimore), 2023 Feb 03;102(5):e30284.
    PMID: 36749239 DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000030284
    The primary target of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is the respiratory system including the nose and lungs, however, it can also damage the kidneys, cardiovascular system and gastrointestinal system. Many recent reports suggested that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections can also affect the central nervous system as well as peripheral nervous system that lead to the several neurological complications. The virus can break the blood brain barrier and enters the brain via haematological route or directly by the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors present on endothelial cells of many cerebral tissues. The neurological complications are manifested by headache, dizziness, encephalopathy, encephalitis, cerebrovascular disease, anosmia, hypogeusia, muscle damage, etc. This review article described the possible routes and mechanism of nervous system infection and the range of neurological complications of COVID-19 that may help the medical practitioners and researchers to improve the clinical treatment and reduce the mortality rate among patients with viral diseases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Communicable Diseases*
  4. Roohi SA, Keuylian Z, Barritault D
    Clin Case Rep, 2021 Mar;9(3):1083-1091.
    PMID: 33768787 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.3645
    A matrix therapy agent marketed as CACIPLIQ20® showed marked improvement in the healing rate of hand infections, including functional recovery. It can be used at both earlier and later stages to promote faster healing and prevent an adverse outcome.
    Matched MeSH terms: Communicable Diseases
  5. SiouNing AS, Seong TS, Kondo H, Bhassu S
    Molecules, 2023 May 26;28(11).
    PMID: 37298833 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114357
    An infectious disease is the most apprehensive problem in aquaculture as it can lead to high mortality in aquatic organisms and massive economic loss. Even though significant progress has been accomplished in therapeutic, prevention, and diagnostic using several potential technologies, more robust inventions and breakthroughs should be achieved to control the spread of infectious diseases. MicroRNA (miRNA) is an endogenous small non-coding RNA that post-transcriptionally regulates the protein-coding genes. It involves various biological regulatory mechanisms in organisms such as cell differentiation, proliferation, immune responses, development, apoptosis, and others. Furthermore, an miRNA also acts as a mediator to either regulate host responses or enhance the replication of diseases during infection. Therefore, the emergence of miRNAs could be potential candidates for the establishment of diagnostic tools for numerous infectious diseases. Interestingly, studies have revealed that miRNAs can be used as biomarkers and biosensors to detect diseases, and can also be used to design vaccines to attenuate pathogens. This review provides an overview of miRNA biogenesis and specifically focuses on its regulation during infection in aquatic organisms, especially on the host immune responses and how miRNAs enhance the replication of pathogens in the organism. In addition to that, we explored the potential applications, including diagnostic methods and treatments, that can be employed in the aquaculture industry.
    Matched MeSH terms: Communicable Diseases*
  6. Lim HT, Kok BH, Leow CY, Leow CH
    Fish Shellfish Immunol, 2023 Sep;140:108986.
    PMID: 37541634 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108986
    Antibody with high affinity and specificity to antigen has widely used as a tool to combat various diseases. The variable domain of immunoglobulin new antigen receptor (VNAR) naturally found in shark contains autonomous function as single-domain antibody. Due to its excellent characteristics, the small, non-complex, and highly stable have made shark VNAR can acquires the antigen-binding capability that might not be reached by conventional antibody. Phage display technology enables shark VNAR to be presented on the surface of phage, allowing the exploration of shark VNAR as an alternative antibody format to target antigens from various infectious diseases. The application of phage-displayed shark VNAR in antibody library and biopanning eventually leads to the discovery and isolation of antigen-specific VNARs with diagnostic and therapeutic potential towards infectious diseases. This review provides an overview of the shark VNAR antibody, the types of phage display technology with comparison to the other types of display system, as well as the application and case studies of phage-displayed shark VNAR antibodies against infectious diseases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Communicable Diseases*
  7. Tan MMC, Barbosa MG, Pinho PJMR, Assefa E, Keinert AÁM, Hanlon C, et al.
    Obes Rev, 2024 Feb;25(2):e13661.
    PMID: 38105610 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13661
    Multimorbidity-the coexistence of at least two chronic health conditions within the same individual-is an important global health challenge. In high-income countries (HICs), multimorbidity is dominated by non-communicable diseases (NCDs); whereas, the situation may be different in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where chronic communicable diseases remain prominent. The aim of this systematic review was to identify determinants (including risk and protective factors) and potential mechanisms underlying multimorbidity from published longitudinal studies across diverse population-based or community-dwelling populations in LMICs. We systematically searched three electronic databases (Medline, Embase, and Global Health) using pre-defined search terms and selection criteria, complemented by hand-searching. All titles, abstracts, and full texts were independently screened by two reviewers from a pool of four researchers. Data extraction and reporting were according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Methodological quality and risk of bias assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for cohort studies. Data were summarized using narrative synthesis. The search yielded 1782 records. Of the 52 full-text articles included for review, 8 longitudinal population-based studies were included for final data synthesis. Almost all studies were conducted in Asia, with only one from South America and none from Africa. All studies were published in the last decade, with half published in the year 2021. The definitions used for multimorbidity were heterogeneous, including 3-16 chronic conditions per study. The leading chronic conditions were heart disease, stroke, and diabetes, and there was a lack of consideration of mental health conditions (MHCs), infectious diseases, and undernutrition. Prospectively evaluated determinants included socio-economic status, markers of social inequities, childhood adversity, lifestyle behaviors, obesity, dyslipidemia, and disability. This review revealed a paucity of evidence from LMICs and a geographical bias in the distribution of multimorbidity research. Longitudinal research into epidemiological aspects of multimorbidity is warranted to build up scientific evidence in regions beyond Asia. Such evidence can provide a detailed picture of disease development, with important implications for community, clinical, and interventions in LMICs. The heterogeneity in study designs, exposures, outcomes, and statistical methods observed in the present review calls for greater methodological standardisation while conducting epidemiological studies on multimorbidity. The limited evidence for MHCs, infectious diseases, and undernutrition as components of multimorbidity calls for a more comprehensive definition of multimorbidity globally.
    Matched MeSH terms: Communicable Diseases*
  8. Wong YP, Othman S, Lau YL, Radu S, Chee HY
    J Appl Microbiol, 2018 Mar;124(3):626-643.
    PMID: 29165905 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13647
    Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) amplifies DNA with high specificity, efficiency and rapidity under isothermal conditions by using a DNA polymerase with high displacement strand activity and a set of specifically designed primers to amplify targeted DNA strands. Following its first discovery by Notomi et al. ( Nucleic Acids Res 28: E63), LAMP was further developed over the years which involved the combination of this technique with other molecular approaches, such as reverse transcription and multiplex amplification for the detection of infectious diseases caused by micro-organisms in humans, livestock and plants. In this review, available types of LAMP techniques will be discussed together with their applications in detection of various micro-organisms. Up to date, there are varieties of LAMP detection methods available including colorimetric and fluorescent detection, real-time monitoring using turbidity metre and detection using lateral flow device which will also be highlighted in this review. Apart from that, commercialization of LAMP technique had also been reported such as lyophilized form of LAMP reagents kit and LAMP primer sets for detection of pathogenic micro-organisms. On top of that, advantages and limitations of this molecular detection method are also described together with its future potential as a diagnostic method for infectious disease.
    Matched MeSH terms: Communicable Diseases/diagnosis*; Communicable Diseases/microbiology; Communicable Diseases/parasitology; Communicable Diseases/virology
  9. Apenteng OO, Ismail NA
    PLoS One, 2014;9(6):e98288.
    PMID: 24911023 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098288
    Previous models of disease spread involving delay have used basic SIR (susceptible--infectious--recovery) formulae and approaches. This paper demonstrates how time-varying SEIRS (S--exposed--I - R - S) models can be extended with delay to produce wave propagations that simulate periodic wave fronts of disease spread in the context of population movements. The model also takes into account the natural mortality associated with the disease spread. Understanding the delay of an infectious disease is critical when attempting to predict where and how fast the disease will propagate. We use cellular automata to model the delay and its effect on the spread of infectious diseases where population movement occurs. We illustrate an approach using wavelet transform analysis to understand the impact of the delay on the spread of infectious diseases. The results indicate that including delay provides novel ways to understand the effects of migration and population movement on disease spread.
    Matched MeSH terms: Communicable Diseases/epidemiology*; Communicable Diseases/transmission
  10. Sathasivam P
    J Assoc Physicians India, 2018 Sep;66(9):84-88.
    PMID: 31321937
    Globally, the burden of diabetes is increasing very rapidly as is the diabetic related complications. Infections in diabetes mellitus are relatively more common and serious. Diabetic patients run the risk of acute metabolic decompensation during infections, and conversely patients with metabolic decompensation are at higher risk of certain invasive infections. Infections in diabetic patients result in extended hospital stays and additional financial burden.1 Medicine in modern world has seen tremendous advancements like newer generation of anti-diabetic drugs, modern insulin therapy, better intensive care facilities and more potent antibiotics. Despite all these advancements, infection still remains one of the major cause for increasing morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients2 . This article focuses on the common diabetes related infections in the Head and Neck region of the body. Some of the life threatening infections like malignant otitis externa and rhino-cerebral mucormycosis affect this region of body.
    Matched MeSH terms: Communicable Diseases/diagnosis; Communicable Diseases/epidemiology
  11. Law KB, M Peariasamy K, Mohd Ibrahim H, Abdullah NH
    Sci Rep, 2021 10 18;11(1):20574.
    PMID: 34663839 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00013-2
    The conventional susceptible-infectious-recovered (SIR) model tends to magnify the transmission dynamics of infectious diseases, and thus the estimated total infections and immunized population may be higher than the threshold required for infection control and eradication. The study developed a new SIR framework that allows the transmission rate of infectious diseases to decline along with the reduced risk of contact infection to overcome the limitations of the conventional SIR model. Two new SIR models were formulated to mimic the declining transmission rate of infectious diseases at different stages of transmission. Model A utilized the declining transmission rate along with the reduced risk of contact infection following infection, while Model B incorporated the declining transmission rate following recovery. Both new models and the conventional SIR model were then used to simulate an infectious disease with a basic reproduction number (r0) of 3.0 and a herd immunity threshold (HIT) of 0.667 with and without vaccination. Outcomes of simulations were assessed at the time when the total immunized population reached the level predicted by the HIT, and at the end of simulations. Further, all three models were used to simulate the transmission dynamics of seasonal influenza in the United States and disease burdens were projected and compared with estimates from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. For the simulated infectious disease, in the initial phase of the outbreak, all three models performed expectedly when the sizes of infectious and recovered populations were relatively small. As the infectious population increased, the conventional SIR model appeared to overestimate the infections even when the HIT was achieved in all scenarios with and without vaccination. For the same scenario, Model A appeared to attain the level predicted by the HIT and in comparison, Model B projected the infectious disease to be controlled at the level predicted by the HIT only at high vaccination rates. For infectious diseases with high r0, and at low vaccination rates, the level at which the infectious disease was controlled cannot be accurately predicted by the current theorem. Transmission dynamics of infectious diseases with herd immunity can be accurately modelled by allowing the transmission rate of infectious diseases to decline along with the reduction of contact infection risk after recovery or vaccination. Model B provides a credible framework for modelling infectious diseases with herd immunity in a randomly mixed population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Communicable Diseases/genetics; Communicable Diseases/transmission*
  12. Bosco J
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 1988 Apr;17(2):251-3.
    PMID: 3044263
    Immunology is a discipline that traverses all branches of clinical medicine. Thus since about ten years ago major hospitals in Malaysia established routine clinical immunology services particularly in the diagnosis of autoimmune/connective tissue disorders. More recently these laboratories have ventured into basic research in Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever, Leukaemia Immunology, Nasopharyngeal Cancer and Leprosy. The rationale for these projects together with early results from them are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Communicable Diseases/immunology
  13. Arokiasamy JT
    Med J Malaysia, 1990 Sep;45(3):181-6.
    PMID: 2152078
    Matched MeSH terms: Communicable Diseases/epidemiology*
  14. Rahman MS, Peeri NC, Shrestha N, Zaki R, Haque U, Hamid SHA
    Health Policy Technol, 2020 Jun;9(2):136-138.
    PMID: 32322475 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlpt.2020.04.005
    •IoT within infectious disease epidemiology is an emerging field of research, however the ubiquitous availability of smart technologies, as well as increased risks of infectious disease spread through the globalization and interconnectedness of the world necessitates its use for predicting, preventing and controlling emerging infectious diseases.•Considering the present situation in China, IoT based smart disease surveillance systems have the potential to be a major breakthrough in efforts to control the current pandemic. With much of the infrastructure itself in place already (i.e. smartphones, wearable technologies, internet access) the role this technology can have in limiting the spread of the pandemic involves only the collection and analysis of data already gathered.•More research must be carried out for the development of automated and effective alert systems to provide early and timely detection of outbreaks of such diseases in order to reduce morbidity mortality and prevent global spread.
    Matched MeSH terms: Communicable Diseases; Communicable Diseases, Emerging
  15. SCOTT RW, STALBOW RB
    J R Army Med Corps, 1950 Oct;95(4):196-99.
    PMID: 14795504
    Matched MeSH terms: Communicable Diseases*
  16. AUDY JR
    Med J Malaya, 1956 Sep;11(1):21-32.
    PMID: 13399540
    Matched MeSH terms: Communicable Diseases/transmission*
  17. WELLS CW
    Med J Malaya, 1956 Sep;11(1):71-5.
    PMID: 13399544
    Matched MeSH terms: Communicable Diseases/transmission*
  18. Runtuwene LR, Sathirapongsasuti N, Srisawat R, Komalamisra N, Tuda JSB, Mongan AE, et al.
    BMC Res Notes, 2022 Feb 12;15(1):44.
    PMID: 35151353 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-022-05927-2
    OBJECTIVE: To disseminate the portable sequencer MinION in developing countries for the main purpose of battling infectious diseases, we found a consortium called Global Research Alliance in Infectious Diseases (GRAID). By holding and inviting researchers both from developed and developing countries, we aim to train the participants with MinION's operations and foster a collaboration in infectious diseases researches. As a real-life example in which resources are limited, we describe here a result from a training course, a metagenomics analysis from two blood samples collected from a routine cattle surveillance in Kulan Progo District, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia in 2019.

    RESULTS: One of the samples was successfully sequenced with enough sequencing yield for further analysis. After depleting the reads mapped to host DNA, the remaining reads were shown to map to Theileria orientalis using BLAST and OneCodex. Although the reads were also mapped to Clostridium botulinum, those were found to be artifacts derived from the cow genome. An effort to construct a consensus sequence was successful using a reference-based approach with Pomoxis. Hence, we concluded that the asymptomatic cow might be infected with T. orientalis and showed the usefulness of sequencing technology, specifically the MinION platform, in a developing country.

    Matched MeSH terms: Communicable Diseases*
  19. Naserrudin NA, Hassan MR, Jeffree MS, Culleton R, Hod R, Ahmed K
    Malar J, 2022 Dec 06;21(1):373.
    PMID: 36474243 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04339-8
    BACKGROUND: In the last decade Plasmodium knowlesi has been detected in humans throughout South East Asia. The highest risk groups for this infection are males, adults and those performing forest-related work. Furthermore, asymptomatic cases of P. knowlesi malaria have been reported including among women and children.

    METHODS: Pubmed, Scopus and the Web of Science databases for literature describing asymptomatic P. knowlesi malaria published between 2010 and 2020 were searched. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify studies reporting the prevalence and incidence of laboratory confirmed asymptomatic P. knowlesi cases in humans, their clinical and demographic characteristics, and methods used to diagnose these cases.

    RESULTS: By analysing over 102 papers, thirteen were eligible for this review. Asymptomatic P. knowlesi infections have been detected in 0.03%-4.0% of the population depending on region, and infections have been described in children as young as 2 years old. Various different diagnostic methods were used to detect P. knowlesi cases and there were differing definitions of asymptomatic cases in these studies. The literature indicates that regionally-differing immune-related mechanisms may play a part on the prevalence of asymptomatic P. knowlesi.

    CONCLUSION: Differing epidemiological characteristics of asymptomatic P. knowlesi malaria in different regions reinforces the need to further investigate disease transmission mechanics. Effective public health responses to changes in P. knowlesi epidemiology require proactive intervention and multisectoral collaboration.

    Matched MeSH terms: Communicable Diseases, Emerging*
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