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Design of interacting multi-stable nucleic acids for molecular information processing

Ramlan EI, Zauner KP

Biosystems, 2011 Jul;105(1):14-24.
PMID: 21396427 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2011.02.006

Despite an exponential increase in computing power over the past decades, present information technology falls far short of expectations in areas such as cognitive systems and micro robotics. Organisms demonstrate that it is possible to implement information processing in a radically different way from what we have available in present technology, and that there are clear advantages from the perspective of power consumption, integration density, and real-time processing of ambiguous data. Accordingly, the question whether the current silicon substrate and associated computing paradigm is the most suitable approach to all types of computation has come to the fore. Macromolecular materials, so successfully employed by nature, possess uniquely promising properties as an alternate substrate for information processing. The two key features of macromolecules are their conformational dynamics and their self-assembly capabilities. The purposeful design of macromolecules capable of exploiting these features has proven to be a challenge, however, for some groups of molecules it is increasingly practicable. We here introduce an algorithm capable of designing groups self-assembling of nucleic acid molecules with multiple conformational states. Evaluation using natural and artificially designed nucleic acid molecules favours this algorithm significantly, as compared to the probabilistic approach. Furthermore, the thermodynamic properties of the generated candidates are within the same approximation as the customised trans-acting switching molecules reported in the laboratory.

Matched MeSH terms: Computers, Molecular*
Fulltext Objective triceps muscle strength measurement using computerized adaptation

Amalourde A, Vinayaga P, Naveed N, Choon SK, Zaleha O

Med J Malaysia, 2004 Dec;59 Suppl F:8-13.
PMID: 15941154

In our centre the non-availability computerized exercise machines limits the objective monitoring of strength rehabilitation. We undertook this research programme to objectively measure triceps muscle strength by interfacing NORSK-Gym machine with accelerometer and positional transducers to a computer. This data was tabulated and processed using Microsoft Excel. The positional transducer was first calibrated and it showed an excellent Pearson Correlation Coefficients against a standard metric reading (r = 0.9999). Peak Force was used as a test parameter for isotonic triceps muscle strength measurements. The criterion-referenced validity was established as the peak forces measured using the accelerometer and positional transducer demonstrated identical Peak Forces (r = 0.94). Analysis of our mean Peak Force measurements using non-biological force as well as the intra-individual reproducibility demonstrated excellent Pearson Correlation Coefficients (r) = 0.982-0.998 and 0.929-0.972 respectively. This computerized adaptation of the NORSK-Gym machine produced an objective, valid and reproducible triceps muscle strength measurement.

Matched MeSH terms: Computers*
External factors in hospital information system (HIS) adoption model: a case on Malaysia

Lee HW, Ramayah T, Zakaria N

J Med Syst, 2012 Aug;36(4):2129-40.
PMID: 21384267 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-011-9675-4

Studies related to healthcare ICT integration in Malaysia are relatively little, thus this paper provide a literature review of the integration of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the healthcare sector in Malaysia through the hospital information system (HIS). Our study emphasized on secondary data to investigate the factors related to ICT integration in healthcare through HIS. Therefore this paper aimed to gather an in depth understanding of issues related to HIS adoption, and contributing in fostering HIS adoption in Malaysia and other countries. This paper provides a direction for future research to study the correlation of factors affecting HIS adoption. Finally a research model is proposed using current adoption theories and external factors from human, technology, and organization perspectives.

Matched MeSH terms: Attitude to Computers*
Fulltext Integrated partial match query in Geographic Information Retrieval

Rosilawati Zainol, Sayed Jamaludin Sayed Ali, Zainab Abu Bakar

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2011;19(3):41-49.
MyJurnal

This paper presents the evaluation of integrated partial match query in Geographic Information Retrieval (GIR). To facilitate the evaluation, Kuala Lumpur tourist related data is used as test collection and is stored in SuperWeb, a map server. Then the map server is customized to enhance its query capability to recognize word in partial or case sensitive between layers of spatial data. Query keyword is tested using the system and results are evaluated using experiments on sample data. Findings show that integrated partial match query provides more flexibility to tourist in determining search results.

Matched MeSH terms: Computers
RERS-CC: Robotic facial recognition system for improving the accuracy of human face identification using HRI

Jing W, Tao H, Rahman MA, Kabir MN, Yafeng L, Zhang R, et al.

Work, 2021;68(3):923-934.
PMID: 33612534 DOI: 10.3233/WOR-203426

BACKGROUND: Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) is incorporated with a variety of applications for input processing and response actions. Facial recognition systems in workplaces and security systems help to improve the detection and classification of humans based on the vision experienced by the input system.
OBJECTIVES: In this manuscript, the Robotic Facial Recognition System using the Compound Classifier (RERS-CC) is introduced to improve the recognition rate of human faces. The process is differentiated into classification, detection, and recognition phases that employ principal component analysis based learning. In this learning process, the errors in image processing based on the extracted different features are used for error classification and accuracy improvements.
RESULTS: The performance of the proposed RERS-CC is validated experimentally using the input image dataset in MATLAB tool. The performance results show that the proposed method improves detection and recognition accuracy with fewer errors and processing time.
CONCLUSION: The input image is processed with the knowledge of the features and errors that are observed with different orientations and time instances. With the help of matching dataset and the similarity index verification, the proposed method identifies precise human face with augmented true positives and recognition rate.

Matched MeSH terms: Computers
EMR continuance usage intention of healthcare professionals

Sayyah Gilani M, Iranmanesh M, Nikbin D, Zailani S

Inform Health Soc Care, 2017 Mar;42(2):153-165.
PMID: 27100821 DOI: 10.3109/17538157.2016.1160245

Electronic medical records (EMRs) have been proven to be effective tools for improving the safety and quality of healthcare despite their relatively low usage rate in hospitals. The long-term development by EMRs depends on the continued use of healthcare professionals. In this study, technology continuance theory (TCT) was used to evaluate the short-term and long-term continuance acceptance of EMRs among healthcare professionals. Data were gathered by surveying 195 medical professionals in Iran. The data were analyzed using the partial least squares (PLS) technique. The analysis showed that the TCT provided a deep understanding of user continuance intention toward EMRs. In addition, the findings illustrated that the determinants of continuance intention vary between short-term and long-term users. The theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Attitude to Computers
Comparing the accuracy of density forecasts from competing GARCH models

Abu Hassan Shaari Mohd Nor, Ahmad Shamiri, Zaidi Isa

Sains Malaysiana, 2009;38.

In this research we introduce an analyzing procedure using the Kullback-Leibler information criteria (KLIC) as a statistical tool to evaluate and compare the predictive abilities of possibly misspecified density forecast models. The main advantage of this statistical tool is that we use the censored likelihood functions to compute the tail minimum of the KLIC, to compare the performance of a density forecast models in the tails. Use of KLIC is practically attractive as well as convenient, given its equivalent of the widely used LR test. We include an illustrative simulation to compare a set of distributions, including symmetric and asymmetric distribution, and a family of GARCH volatility models. Our results on simulated data show that the choice of the conditional distribution appears to be a more dominant factor in determining the adequacy and accuracy (quality) of density forecasts than the choice of volatility model.

Matched MeSH terms: Computers
Fulltext Development of internet-based instrumentation for the study of hall effect

Ariffin Abas, Abdul Halim Shaari, Zainal Abidin Talib, Zaidan Abdul Wahab

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2014;22(1):105-112.
MyJurnal

The computer, together with Lab View software, can be used as an automatic data acquisition system. This project deals with the development of a computer interfacing technique for the study of Hall Effect and converting the existing automation system into a Web-based automation system. The drive board RS 217-3611 with PCI 6025E card and stepper motor RS191-8340 with a resolution of 0.1mm, was used to move a pair of permanent magnets backward and forward against the sample. The General Interface Bus (GPIB) card interfaces, together with digital nano voltmeter and Tesla meter using serial port RS232 interface, are used for measuring the potential difference and magnetic field strength respectively. Hall Effect measurement on copper (Cu) and tantalum (Ta) showed negative and positive sign Hall coefficient. Therefore, the system has electron and hole charge carriers respectively at room temperature. The parameters such as drift velocity, conductivity, mobility, Hall Coefficient and charge carrier concentration were also automatically displayed on the front panel of Lab View programming and compared with standard value. The Web-based automation system can be remotely controlled and monitored by users in remote locations using only their web browsers. In addition, video conferencing through Net Meeting has been used to provide audio and video feedback to the client.

Matched MeSH terms: Computers
Fulltext Customer waiting time in Labor Department, Kuala Terengganu: A queuing approach

Norsyafiqah Mohamad, Masnita Misiran, Zahayu Md Yusof

Journal of Academia Universiti Teknologi MARA Negeri Sembilan, 2020;8(2):22-32.
MyJurnal

Businesses adopt queuing mechanism as it can improve efficiency and provide economic use of
resources. Some business segment that normally adapted queuing theory include assessing staff
scheduling, productivity, performance, and customers waiting time. This article will adopt queuing
theory to current service provided by Department of Labour, Kuala Terengganu. As the department is
committed to provide quality services to its customer, the level of satisfaction and current queueing
time need to be investigated. To achieve this, four elements in queueing theory – arrival rate, the
queuing discipline, the service and also the cost structure are utilized. Arrival rate is measured as way
in which customer arrives at this department and entered for receiving a service. Single server queuing
model is known as infinite queue length model (exponential service) was used in this study. This model
is based on certain assumptions about queuing, as the arrivals are described by Poisson probability
distribution and arrive from infinite population. This study has demonstrated that, majority of the
customers are dissatisfied with services offered and the major cause of dissatisfaction is the long waiting
time. Sunday shows the busiest day at Department of Labour, Kuala Terengganu when there are too
many customers and duty officer faced a hectic day on Sunday, followed by Thursday and Wednesday.
Department of Labour, Kuala Terengganu needed to do the other internal procedures for reducing
waiting times and thus ensuring an effective services system. This study recommended of adding a new
checkout counter and hiring another employee to help duty officer improve the operation at Department
of Labour, Kuala Terengganu.

Matched MeSH terms: Computers
Data on the evaluation of structural index from aeromagnetic enhanced datasets with the application of Euldph-λ semi-automatic algorithm

Kayode JS, Yusup Y

Data Brief, 2018 Aug;19:798-803.
PMID: 29900375 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.05.090

A secondary dataset was generated from the Euldph-λ semi-automatic Algorithm, (ESA) developed to automatically computes various depths to the magnetic anomalies using a primary data set from gridded aeromagnetic data obtained in the study area. Euler Deconvolution techniques, (EDT), was adopted in the identification and definition of the magnetic anomaly source rocks in the study area. The aim is to use the straightforward technique to pinpoint magnetic anomalies at a depth which substantiate mineralization potential of the area. The ESA was integrated with the imaging function of Oasis Montaj 2014 source parameter from Geosoft® Inc. From the data, it could be summarized that similar tectonic processes during the deformation and metamorphic activities, the subsurface structures of the study area produce corresponding trending form.

Matched MeSH terms: Computers
A case study evaluation of a Critical Care Information System adoption using the socio-technical and fit approach

Yusof MM

Int J Med Inform, 2015 Jul;84(7):486-99.
PMID: 25881560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2015.03.001

Clinical information systems have long been used in intensive care units but reports on their adoption and benefits are limited. This study evaluated a Critical Care Information System implementation.

Matched MeSH terms: Attitude to Computers*
Fulltext Development of smart wireless detector system for gamma ray detection

Nolida Yussup, Nur Aira Abd. Rahman, Ismail Mustapha, Jaafar Abdullah, Mohd. Ashhar Khalid, Hearie Hassan, et al.

Jurnal Sains Nuklear Malaysia, 2012;24(1):43-47.
MyJurnal

Data transmission in field works especially that is related to industry, gas and chemical is paramount importance to ensure data accuracy and delivery time. A development of wireless detector system for remote data acquisition to be applied in conducting fieldwork in industry is described in this paper. A wireless communication which is applied in the project development is a viable and cost-effective method of transmitting data from the detector to the laptop on the site to facilitate data storage and analysis automatically, which can be used in various applications such as column scanning. The project involves hardware design for the detector and electronics parts besides programming for control board and user interface. A prototype of a wireless gamma scintillation detector is developed with capabilities of transmitting data to computer via radio frequency (RF) and recording the data within the 433MHz band at baud rate of 19200.

Matched MeSH terms: Computers; Microcomputers
Cost effectiveness of ergonomic redesign of electronic motherboard

Sen RN, Yeow PH

Appl Ergon, 2003 Sep;34(5):453-63.
PMID: 12963331

A case study to illustrate the cost effectiveness of ergonomic redesign of electronic motherboard was presented. The factory was running at a loss due to the high costs of rejects and poor quality and productivity. Subjective assessments and direct observations were made on the factory. Investigation revealed that due to motherboard design errors, the machine had difficulty in placing integrated circuits onto the pads, the operators had much difficulty in manual soldering certain components and much unproductive manual cleaning (MC) was required. Consequently, there were high rejects and occupational health and safety (OHS) problems, such as, boredom and work discomfort. Also, much labour and machine costs were spent on repairs. The motherboard was redesigned to correct the design errors, to allow more components to be machine soldered and to reduce MC. This eliminated rejects, reduced repairs, saved US dollars 581495/year and improved operators' OHS. The customer also saved US dollars 142105/year on loss of business.

Matched MeSH terms: Computers*
Fulltext Comparison of computer-key-hold-time and alternating-finger-tapping tests for early-stage Parkinson's disease

Lan BL, Yeo JHW

PLoS One, 2019;14(6):e0219114.
PMID: 31247037 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219114

Giancardo et al. recently introduced the neuroQWERTY index (nQi), which is a novel motor index derived from computer-key-hold-time data using an ensemble regression algorithm, to detect early-stage Parkinson's disease. Here, we derive a much simpler motor index from their hold-time data, which is the standard deviation (SD) of the hold-time fluctuations, where fluctuation is defined as the difference between successive natural-log of hold time. Our results show the performance of the SD and nQi tests in discriminating early-stage subjects from controls do not differ, although the SD index is much simpler. There is also no difference in performance between the SD and alternating-finger-tapping tests.

Matched MeSH terms: Computers
Fulltext ARTYCUL: A Privacy-Preserving ML-Driven Framework to Determine the Popularity of a Cultural Exhibit on Display

Tanwar G, Chauhan R, Yafi E

Sensors (Basel), 2021 Feb 22;21(4).
PMID: 33671822 DOI: 10.3390/s21041527

We present ARTYCUL (ARTifact popularitY for CULtural heritage), a machine learning(ML)-based framework that graphically represents the footfall around an artifact on display at a museum or a heritage site. The driving factor of this framework was the fact that the presence of security cameras has become universal, including at sites of cultural heritage. ARTYCUL used the video streams of closed-circuit televisions (CCTV) cameras installed in such premises to detect human figures, and their coordinates with respect to the camera frames were used to visualize the density of visitors around the specific display items. Such a framework that can display the popularity of artifacts would aid the curators towards a more optimal organization. Moreover, it could also help to gauge if a certain display item were neglected due to incorrect placement. While items of similar interest can be placed in vicinity of each other, an online recommendation system may also use the reputation of an artifact to catch the eye of the visitors. Artificial intelligence-based solutions are well suited for analysis of internet of things (IoT) traffic due to the inherent veracity and volatile nature of the transmissions. The work done for the development of ARTYCUL provided a deeper insight into the avenues for applications of IoT technology to the cultural heritage domain, and suitability of ML to process real-time data at a fast pace. While we also observed common issues that hinder the utilization of IoT in the cultural domain, the proposed framework was designed keeping in mind the same obstacles and a preference for backward compatibility.

Matched MeSH terms: Computers
Fulltext The communication of artificial intelligence and deep learning in computer tomography image recognition of epidemic pulmonary infectious diseases

Wang W, Zhao X, Jia Y, Xu J

PLoS One, 2024;19(2):e0297578.
PMID: 38319912 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297578

The objectives are to improve the diagnostic efficiency and accuracy of epidemic pulmonary infectious diseases and to study the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in pulmonary infectious disease diagnosis and public health management. The computer tomography (CT) images of 200 patients with pulmonary infectious disease are collected and input into the AI-assisted diagnosis software based on the deep learning (DL) model, "UAI, pulmonary infectious disease intelligent auxiliary analysis system", for lesion detection. By analyzing the principles of convolutional neural networks (CNN) in deep learning (DL), the study selects the AlexNet model for the recognition and classification of pulmonary infection CT images. The software automatically detects the pneumonia lesions, marks them in batches, and calculates the lesion volume. The result shows that the CT manifestations of the patients are mainly involved in multiple lobes and density, the most common shadow is the ground-glass opacity. The detection rate of the manual method is 95.30%, the misdetection rate is 0.20% and missed diagnosis rate is 4.50%; the detection rate of the DL-based AI-assisted lesion method is 99.76%, the misdetection rate is 0.08%, and the missed diagnosis rate is 0.08%. Therefore, the proposed model can effectively identify pulmonary infectious disease lesions and provide relevant data information to objectively diagnose pulmonary infectious disease and manage public health.

Matched MeSH terms: Computers
Digital pathology as a solution for working from home

Tan GC, Wong YP

Malays J Pathol, 2021 Aug;43(2):201.
PMID: 34448785

No abstract available.

Matched MeSH terms: Computers
Fulltext A Distributed Testbed for 5G Scenarios: An Experimental Study

Chamran MK, Yau KA, Noor RMD, Wong R

Sensors (Basel), 2019 Dec 19;20(1).
PMID: 31861500 DOI: 10.3390/s20010018

This paper demonstrates the use of Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP), together with Raspberry Pi3 B+ (RP3) as the brain (or the decision making engine), to develop a distributed wireless network in which nodes can communicate with other nodes independently and make decision autonomously. In other words, each USRP node (i.e., sensor) is embedded with separate processing units (i.e., RP3), which has not been investigated in the literature, so that each node can make independent decisions in a distributed manner. The proposed testbed in this paper is compared with the traditional distributed testbed, which has been widely used in the literature. In the traditional distributed testbed, there is a single processing unit (i.e., a personal computer) that makes decisions in a centralized manner, and each node (i.e., USRP) is connected to the processing unit via a switch. The single processing unit exchanges control messages with nodes via the switch, while the nodes exchange data packets among themselves using a wireless medium in a distributed manner. The main disadvantage of the traditional testbed is that, despite the network being distributed in nature, decisions are made in a centralized manner. Hence, the response delay of the control message exchange is always neglected. The use of such testbed is mainly due to the limited hardware and monetary cost to acquire a separate processing unit for each node. The experiment in our testbed has shown the increase of end-to-end delay and decrease of packet delivery ratio due to software and hardware delays. The observed multihop transmission is performed using device-to-device (D2D) communication, which has been enabled in 5G. Therefore, nodes can either communicate with other nodes via: (a) a direct communication with the base station at the macrocell, which helps to improve network performance; or (b) D2D that improve spectrum efficiency, whereby traffic is offloaded from macrocell to small cells. Our testbed is the first of its kind in this scale, and it uses RP3 as the distributed decision-making engine incorporated into the USRP/GNU radio platform. This work provides an insight to the development of a 5G network.

Matched MeSH terms: Computers; Microcomputers
Sickle-cell trait in human biological and cultural evolution. Development of agriculture causing increased malaria is bound to gene-pool changes causing malaria reduction

Wiesenfeld SL

Science, 1967 Sep 08;157(3793):1134-40.
PMID: 6038684

The particular agricultural adaptation we have been considering is the ultimate determinant of the presence of malaria parasites in the intracellular environment of the human red blood cell. This change in the cellular environment is deleterious for normal individuals, but individuals with the sickle-cell gene are capable of changing their red-cell environment so that intense parasitism never develops. Normal individuals suffer higher mortality rates and lower fertility rates in a malarious environment than individuals with the sickle-cell trait do, so the latter contribute proportionately more people to succeeding generations.

Matched MeSH terms: Computers
Fulltext Post-polymerization of dental resin composite evaluated with nanoindentation and micro-Raman spectroscopy

Mohamad, D., Young, R.J., Mann, A.B., Watts, D.C.

Archives of Orofacial Sciences, 2007;2(1):26-31.
MyJurnal

The aim of the study was to evaluate post-polymerization of resin composite by measuring NanoHardness (H), Young’s Modulus (E) and Degree of Conversion (DC) using nanoindentation and Micro-Raman spectroscopy. For this purpose a computer-controlled NanoIndenter™ and a Renishaw 1000 Raman Spectrometer fitted with an Olympus microscope attachment, operated at 638 nm, were used. A light-activated resin composite was used in this study, (Z250, 3MESPE). Sub-groups (n=3) of specimens were irradiated for 20, 30, 40 s. All samples for nanoindentation were polished metallographically and typically 50 nanoindentations were performed per specimen. After curing and polishing, half of the samples were tested immediately (Group 1); the others after being stored dry at 37 °C for 7 days (Group 2) to allow scope for postpolymerization. H values ranged from 1.08 to 1.40 GPa for Group 1, and from 1.64 to1.71 GPa for Group 2. E values in Group 1 ranged from 19.60 to 19.94 GPa and for Group 2, from 21.42 to 22.05 GPa. DC values ranged from 55 to 66.39%, and 60.90 to 66.47% for Group 1 and Group 2 respectively. All values obtained shown significant different between Groups 1 and 2 (p

Matched MeSH terms: Computers

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