Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 81 in total

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  1. Ibrahim N, Parsa A, Hassan B, van der Stelt P, Rahmat RA, Ismail SM, et al.
    BMC Oral Health, 2021 05 08;21(1):249.
    PMID: 33964918 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01595-z
    BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare the trabecular bone microstructures of anterior and posterior edentulous regions of human mandible using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and micro computed tomography (µCT).

    METHODS: Twenty volumes of interests consisting of six anterior and fourteen posterior edentulous regions were obtained from human mandibular cadavers. A CBCT system with a resolution of 80 µm (3D Accuitomo 170, J. Morita, Kyoto, Japan) and a µCT system with a resolution of 35 µm (SkyScan 1173, Kontich, Belgium) were used to scan the mandibles. Three structural parameters namely, trabecular number (Tb.N), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) were analysed using CTAn software (v 1.11, SkyScan, Kontich, Belgium). For each system, the measurements obtained from anterior and posterior regions were tested using independent sample t-test. Subsequently, all measurements between systems were tested using paired t-test.

    RESULTS: In CBCT, all parameters of the anterior and posterior mandible showed no significant differences (p > 0.05). However, µCT showed a significant different of Tb.Th (p = 0.023) between anterior and posterior region. Regardless of regions, the measurements obtained using both imaging systems were significantly different (p ≤ 0.021) for Tb.Th and Tb.N.

    CONCLUSIONS: The current study demonstrated that only the variation of Tb.Th between anterior and posterior edentulous region of mandible can be detected using µCT. In addition, CBCT is less feasible than µCT in assessing trabecular bone microstructures at both regions.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
  2. Abdullah D, Eziana Hussein F, Abd Ghani H
    Iran Endod J, 2017;12(2):257-260.
    PMID: 28512497 DOI: 10.22037/iej.2017.50
    This case report describes the endodontic treatment of an idiopathic perforated internal root resorption. A 24-year-old male Malay patient presented with internal root resorption of two of his anterior teeth. The medical history was non-contributory and he had no history of traumatic injury or orthodontic treatment. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) determined the nature, location and severity of the resorptive lesion. Non-surgical root canal treatment of tooth #22 and combined non-surgical and surgical approach for tooth #11 were carried out using mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) as the filling material. The clinical and radiographic examination three years after completion of treatment revealed evidences of periapical healing. The appropriate diagnosis and the treatment of internal root resorption allowed good healing of these lesions and maintained the tooth in function for as long as possible.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
  3. Wan Hassan WN, Othman SA, Chan CS, Ahmad R, Ali SN, Abd Rohim A
    Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 2016 Nov;150(5):886-895.
    PMID: 27871715 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2016.04.021
    INTRODUCTION: In this study we aimed to compare measurements on plaster models using a digital caliper, and on 3-dimensional (3D) digital models, produced using a structured-light scanner, using 3D software.

    METHODS: Fifty digital models were scanned from the same plaster models. Arch and tooth size measurements were made by 2 operators, twice. Calibration was done on 10 sets of models and checked using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Data were analyzed by error variances, repeatability coefficient, repeated-measures analysis of variance, and Bland-Altman plots.

    RESULTS: Error variances ranged between 0.001 and 0.044 mm for the digital caliper method, and between 0.002 and 0.054 mm for the 3D software method. Repeated-measures analysis of variance showed small but statistically significant differences (P <0.05) between the repeated measurements in the arch and buccolingual planes (0.011 and 0.008 mm, respectively). There were no statistically significant differences between methods and between operators. Bland-Altman plots showed that the mean biases were close to zero, and the 95% limits of agreement were within ±0.50 mm. Repeatability coefficients for all measurements were similar.

    CONCLUSIONS: Measurements made on models scanned by the 3D structured-light scanner were in good agreement with those made on conventional plaster models and were, therefore, clinically acceptable.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
  4. Abd Fattah SYAS, Hariri F, Nambiar P, Abu Bakar Z, Abdul Rahman ZA
    Curr Med Imaging Rev, 2019;15(7):645-653.
    PMID: 32008512 DOI: 10.2174/1573405614666181012144745
    OBJECTIVE: To validate the accuracy of the mandibular canal region in 3D biomodel produced by using data obtained from Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) of cadaveric mandibles.

    METHODS: Six hemi-mandible samples were scanned using the i-CAT CBCT system. The scanned data was transferred to the OsiriX software for measurement protocol and subsequently into Mimics software to fabricate customized cutting jigs and 3D biomodels based on rapid prototyping technology. The hemi-mandibles were segmented into 5 dentoalveolar blocks using the customized jigs. Digital calliper was used to measure six distances surrounding the mandibular canal on each section. The same distances were measured on the corresponding cross-sectional OsiriX images and the 3D biomodels of each dentoalveolar block.

    RESULTS: Statistically no significant difference was found when measurements from OsiriX images and 3D biomodels were compared to the "gold standard" -direct digital calliper measurement of the cadaveric dentoalveolar blocks. Moreover, the mean value difference of the various measurements between the different study components was also minimal.

    CONCLUSION: Various distances surrounding the mandibular canal from 3D biomodels produced from the CBCT scanned data was similar to that of direct digital calliper measurements of the cadaveric specimens.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
  5. Purmal K, Alam MK, Pohchi A, Abdul Razak NH
    PLoS One, 2013;8(12):e84202.
    PMID: 24367643 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084202
    Intermaxillary (IMF) screws feature several advantages over other devices used for intermaxillary fixation, but using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans to determine the safe and danger zones to place these devices for all patients can be expensive. This study aimed to determine the optimal interradicular and buccopalatal/buccolingual spaces for IMF screw placement in the maxilla and mandible. The CBCT volumetric data of 193 patients was used to generate transaxial slices between the second molar on the right to the second molar on the left in both arches. The mean interradicular and buccopalatal/buccolingual distances and standard deviation values were obtained at heights of 2, 5, 8 and 11 mm from the alveolar bone crest. An IMF screw with a diameter of 1.0 mm and length of 7 mm can be placed distal to the canines (2 - 11 mm from the alveolar crest) and less than 8 mm between the molars in the maxilla. In the mandible, the safest position is distal to the first premolar (more than 5 mm) and distal to the second premolar (more than 2 mm). There was a significant difference (p<0.05) between the right and left quadrants. The colour coding 3D template showed the safe and danger zones based on the mesiodistal, buccopalatal and buccolingual distances in the maxilla and mandible.The safest sites for IMF screw insertion in the maxilla were between the canines and first premolars and between the first and second molars. In the mandible, the safest sites were between the first and second premolars and between the second premolar and first molar. However, the IMF screw should not exceed 1.0 mm in diameter and 7 mm in length.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography*
  6. Martin CJ, Kron T, Vassileva J, Wood TJ, Joyce C, Ung NM, et al.
    Phys Med, 2021 Oct;90:53-65.
    PMID: 34562809 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2021.09.004
    Improvements in delivery of radiation dose to target tissues in radiotherapy have increased the need for better image quality and led to a higher frequency of imaging patients. Imaging for treatment planning extends to function and motion assessment and devices are incorporated into medical linear accelerators (linacs) so that regions of tissue can be imaged at time of treatment delivery to ensure dose distributions are delivered as accurately as possible. A survey of imaging in 97 radiotherapy centres in nine countries on six continents has been undertaken with an on-line questionnaire administered through the International Commission on Radiological Protection mentorship programme to provide a snapshot of imaging practices. Responses show that all centres use CT for planning treatments and many utilise additional information from magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography scans. Most centres have kV cone beam CT attached to at least some linacs and use this for the majority of treatment fractions. The imaging options available declined with the human development index (HDI) of the country, and the frequency of imaging during treatment depended more on country than treatment site with countries having lower HDIs imaging less frequently. The country with the lowest HDI had few kV imaging facilities and relied on MV planar imaging intermittently during treatment. Imaging protocols supplied by vendors are used in most centres and under half adapt exposure conditions to individual patients. Recording of patient doses, a knowledge of which is important in optimisation of imaging protocols, was limited primarily to European countries.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
  7. Yusof MYPM, Mah MC, Reduwan NH, Kretapirom K, Affendi NHK
    Saudi Dent J, 2020 Dec;32(8):396-402.
    PMID: 33304083 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2019.10.010
    Objective: Knowledge and evaluation of the blood supply within the maxillary sinus before sinus augmentation are vital to avoid surgical complications. The lateral maxilla is supplied by branches of the posterior superior alveolar artery and infraorbital artery forming intraosseous anastomoses (IA) within the bony lateral antral wall. This study was undertaken to (i) measure mean diameter of IA and its distance from the alveolar ridge within dentate and posteriorly edentulous subjects and, (ii) qualitatively display the relationship of IA throughout its course within the lateral maxillary sinus in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

    Method: Maxillary CBCT images of two-hundred-and-fifty-seven consecutive patients (163 men, 94 women, mean age 42 years) were analyzed. Samples were later divided into dentate (n = 142) and posteriorly edentulous (n = 115) jaws. Using both alveolar ridge and tooth location as reference points, the distance and diameter of IA were assessed.

    Result: The IA was seen in 63.7% of all sinuses with 68.2% in dentate and 62.4% in edentulous. Mean distance and diameter of IA across the posterior tooth locations were 17.9 ± 3.0 mm and 1.4 ± 0.5 mm (dentate) and 15.1 ± 3.0 mm and 1.0 ± 0.5 mm (posteriorly edentulous), respectively. In each sample, there were no significant differences in distance-alveolar ridge and no significant correlations in diameter-tooth location. A statistically significant Pearson coefficient correlation between diameter and distance in dentate state was observed (r = -0.6).

    Conclusion: This study reveals that dentate maxillary jaws present larger diameters as compared to posteriorly edentulous jaws, although the IA course remains the same. As these canal structures contain neurovascular bundles with diameters that may be large enough to cause clinically substantial complications, a thorough pre-surgical planning is therefore highly advisable.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Spiral Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
  8. Deng PU, Halim MS, Masudi SM, Al-Shehadat S, Ahmad B
    Eur J Dent, 2018 8 28;12(3):410-416.
    PMID: 30147408 DOI: 10.4103/ejd.ejd_82_18
    Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the variations in the number of root and canal in the mandibular first permanent molars (MFPMs) teeth in East Coast Malaysian population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

    Materials and Methods: CBCT images which show MFPMs recorded in HUSM Dental Clinic between January 2015 and June 2016 was obtained and analyzed for their number of roots and canals. A total of 208 CBCT images of MFPMs were collected; 118 patients had unilateral molars and 90 patients had bilateral molars. The following observations were made: (1) root number; (2) number of canals per root; and (3) comparisons of number of roots and canals according to gender, ethnicity, and position.

    Results: The majority of cases of bilateral MFPM had the same number of roots (95.6%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 89.01%, 98.78%) on both the right and left side and only 4 cases (4.4%, 95% CI: 1.22%, 10.99%) had 3 roots on the right and 2 roots on the left sides. The majority of cases had the same number of canals on both sides (66.7%, 95% CI: 55.95, 76.26%) and 33.3% (95% CI: 23.74%, 44.05%) with unequal number of canals. The occurrence of the number of canals was not independent of the sides of the arch (P < 0.001) and there was statistically significantly greater proportion of cases who had greater number of canals on the right side than the left (P = 0.03). The prevalence of right single-rooted MFPM was very small at 0.3% (n = 1) in a Malay male (95% CI: 0.00, 1.83) and the most prevalent was two roots first molar (88.4%). The number of roots was not associated with sex or ethnic group (P > 0.05). The MFPM with a single root was found to have only one mesial canal. For two rooted MFPM, the most prevalent occurrence was two canals at the mesial and one canal at the distal roots (59%); followed by single canals in each mesial and distal (21%) and double canals per root (18%). Three roots MFPM have either single or double canals in the mesial root and double canals in the distal root.

    Conclusions: The majority of population in the East Coast region of Malaysia has two roots and three root canals in their MFPMs. There was no difference in the number of roots between gender and ethnic and canals between ethnic.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
  9. Karobari MI, Noorani TY, Halim MS, Ahmed HMA
    Aust Endod J, 2021 Aug;47(2):202-216.
    PMID: 33159714 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12454
    This cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) study aimed to evaluate the root canal morphology of permanent anteriors in Malaysian population using two classification systems (Vertucci 1984 and Ahmed et al 2017). CBCT images of 856 patients with 10,080 anterior teeth were analysed. Results showed that, except for six mandibular canines, all anterior teeth were single-rooted. According to Ahmed et al's system and Vertucci's classification, code 1 MaxA1 and type I were the most common types except in mandibular laterals where 1 ManA1-2-1 and type III were the most common, respectively. The prevalence of canal variations in mandibular incisors was higher in males and the 20-30 age group than in females and other age groups (P 
    Matched MeSH terms: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Spiral Cone-Beam Computed Tomography*
  10. Saber SEDM, Ahmed MHM, Obeid M, Ahmed HMA
    Int Endod J, 2019 Mar;52(3):267-278.
    PMID: 30225932 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13016
    AIM: To investigate the number of roots and root canal configurations using two coding systems and the root canal diverging and merging levels in extracted maxillary premolars in an Egyptian subpopulation using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

    METHODOLOGY: A total of 700 maxillary premolars were examined using CBCT in an Egyptian subpopulation. The number of roots was identified, and root canal configurations were classified according to Vertucci's classification and a new system for classifying root and canal morphology. In addition, the position where roots bifurcated and the levels where canals merged or diverged were identified. Fisher's exact test and independent t-test were used for statistical analysis, and the level of significance was set at 0.05 (P = 0.05).

    RESULTS: More than half of maxillary first premolars were double-rooted, and the majority of maxillary second premolars were single-rooted (P 

    Matched MeSH terms: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography*
  11. Ishak MH, Zhun OC, Shaari R, Rahman SA, Hasan MN, Alam MK
    Mymensingh Med J, 2014 Oct;23(4):781-6.
    PMID: 25481601
    This study evaluated the validity of panoramic radiography and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the assessment of mandibular canal and impacted third molar. In this descriptive-analytical study, 58 mandibular third molars from 42 patients who showed a close relationship between impacted third molar and canal on panoramic radiographs were selected. They were then classified into seven radiographic markers in panoramic radiographs (superimposition, darkening of the root, interruption of the white lines, root narrowing, canal diversion, canal narrowing, and also closed distance in OPG <1mm). The groups of markers were further assessed with CBCT to see presence or absence of contact. The three most common markers seen in panoramic images are superimposition, interruption of white line and root darkening. In CBCT, superimposition marker always presented higher frequency of contact with canal compared to non-contact group. There are 31% of teeth presented with interruption of white lines and there are 29.3% of teeth presented with superimposition. About 55.6% and 35.3% of the impacted mandibular third molars which indicated interruption of white lines and superimposition also indicated contact in the CBCT respectively. Presence or absence of radiological sign in panoramic radiography was not properly predict a close relationship with third molar and it is suggested that in case of tooth-canal overlapping, the patient should be referred for CBCT assessment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography/methods*
  12. Beh YH, Farook TH, Jamayet NB, Dudley J, Rashid F, Barman A, et al.
    Cleft Palate Craniofac J, 2021 03;58(3):386-390.
    PMID: 32808548 DOI: 10.1177/1055665620950074
    OBJECTIVE: The virtual cone beam computed tomography-derived 3-dimensional model was compared with the scanned conventional model used in the fabrication of a palatal obturator for a patient with a large palatal defect.

    DESIGN: A digitally derived 3-dimensional maxillary model incorporating the palatal defect was generated from the patient's existing cone beam computerized tomography data and compared with the scanned cast from the conventional impression for linear dimensions, area, and volume. The digitally derived cast was 3-dimensionally printed and the obturator fabricated using traditional techniques. Similarly, an obturator was fabricated from the conventional cast and the fit of both final obturator bulbs were compared in vivo.

    RESULTS: The digitally derived model produced more accurate volumes and surface areas within the defect. The defect margins and peripheries were overestimated which was reflected clinically.

    CONCLUSION: The digitally derived model provided advantages in the fabrication of the palatal obturator; however, further clinical research is required to refine consistency.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
  13. Srivastava KC, Shrivastava D, Nagarajappa AK, Khan ZA, Alzoubi IA, Mousa MA, et al.
    PMID: 33322604 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249293
    The detection of pulp stone in a patient suffering from undiagnosed systemic diseases can be an early diagnostic indicator. Thus, the aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of pulp stones in the Saudi Arabian population with cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus. In a retrospective study, we included cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of 73 patients with cardiovascular disease and 76 patients with diabetes mellitus as group I and II, respectively. Group III comprised of CBCT scan of 80 healthy controls. From a total of 229 scans, 4807 teeth were screened for pulp stones throughout the arches. A chi-square test was used for comparing the prevalence of pulp stones among the groups. Univariable and multivariable analysis was done to evaluate the independent risk indicators for pulp stones. The tooth-wise prevalence of pulp stones in group I, II, and III was found to be 16.65%, 9.01%, and 3.86%, respectively. Patient-wise (p < 0.01) and tooth-wise (p < 0.01) prevalence was recorded significantly highest in the cardiovascular group followed by the diabetic group. The control group had the least prevalence. Significantly (p < 0.01) higher number of pulp stones were found in cardiovascular patients with age > 50 years compared to other groups. Similarly, a significantly increased number of pulp stones were seen in the 1st molar (p < 0.05) and the maxillary jaw (p < 0.05) of patients with cardiovascular diseases. Subjects with cardiovascular disease and diabetes were found to have 2.94 times (p < 0.001; CI 1.54-3.10) and 1.81 times (p < 0.01; CI 0.48-2.06) higher risk of having pulp stones in comparison to healthy subjects. The first molar has 2.20 times (p < 0.001; CI 0.84-2.45) increased the risk of having pulp stones compared to other tooth types. Systemic disease such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus poses a higher risk for the development of pulp stones. Among the systemic disease group, patients in the cardiovascular group showed a higher risk for pulp stones and also reported the maximum number of pulp stones compared to the diabetic and healthy subjects.
    Matched MeSH terms: Spiral Cone-Beam Computed Tomography*
  14. Zreaqat M, Hassan R, Samsudin AR, Alforaidi S
    Eur J Pediatr, 2023 Dec;182(12):5501-5510.
    PMID: 37777602 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-05226-3
    Twin-block appliance had been advocated as a potential treatment option in paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) due to their favourable effect in enhancing upper airway parameters and improving OSA symptoms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of twin-block appliance therapy on upper airway parameters/dimensions and the apnoea-hypopnea indexes (AHIs) in OSA children with class II mandibular retrognathic skeletal malocclusion using cone-beam computed tomography. This prospective longitudinal study comprised 34 polysomnography-proven OSA growing children with class II mandibular retrognathic skeletal malocclusion between the ages of 8 and 12 years who had completed myofunctional twin-block therapy and matched corresponding controls. The upper airway was segmented into the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx, and the effect of twin-bock treatment on upper airway parameters/dimensions was assessed pre- and posttreatment using CBCT analysis, while a second standard overnight PSG was performed to determine changes in the AHI. At the nasopharynx level, minimal (nonsignificant) increases in all variables were observed within the twin-block group and between the groups (P > 0.05). At the level of the oropharynx, all variables increased significantly in the treatment group and between groups (P 
    Matched MeSH terms: Spiral Cone-Beam Computed Tomography*
  15. Alsrouji MS, Ahmad R, Rajali A, Mustafa NWNA, Ibrahim N, Baba NZ
    J Prosthodont, 2019 Feb;28(2):131-137.
    PMID: 30427557 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12999
    PURPOSE: To compare the residual ridge resorption (RRR) of the anterior maxillary bone beneath complete dentures when opposed by mandibular complete dentures (CD) and implant-retained overdentures (IRO).

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: 18 patients were rehabilitated with maxillary CD opposing mandibular IRO, and 4 patients were prescribed with conventional CD. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of the maxilla were acquired before and 1 year post-treatment and converted into 3D models using Mimics research software. RRR was quantified by measuring the changes in bone volume following superimpositioning and sectioning of these models at the anterior maxillary region. Subsequently, the sectioned 3D models of the anterior maxilla were exported to 3-Matic software to reveal the predominant region and depth of RRR.

    RESULTS: The mean reduction in bone volume of the anterior maxilla in the CD group was 2.60% (SD = 1.71%, range = -4.89 % to -0.92%, median = -2.30%), while the mean reduction in the IRO group was almost three times higher at 7.25% (SD = 3.16%, range = -13.25 to -1.50, median = -7.15%). The predominant areas of RRR were on the buccal and occlusal ridge of the anterior maxilla.

    CONCLUSION: Within the limits of this study, it may be concluded that an IRO caused significantly higher RRR of the anterior maxilla than a CD.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
  16. Alkhorayef M, Sulieman A, Alzahrani K, Abuzaid M, Alomair OI, Almuwannis M, et al.
    Appl Radiat Isot, 2021 Feb;168:109520.
    PMID: 33307438 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109520
    The various technological advancements in computed tomography (CT) have resulted in remarkable growth in the use of CT imaging in clinical practice, not the least of which has been its establishment as the most valuable imaging examination for the assessment of cardiovascular system disorders. The objective of this study was to assess the effective radiation dose and radiation risk for patients during cardiac CT procedures, based on studies from four different hospitals equipped with 128 slice CT equipment. A total of eighty-three patients were investigated in this study with different clinical indications. Effective doses were also calculated using software based on Monte Carlo simulation. The mean patient age (years), weight (kg), and body mass index (BMI (kg/m2)) were 49 ± 11, 82 ± 12, and 31 ± 6, respectively. The results of the study revealed that the tube voltage (kVp) and tube current-exposure time product (mAs) ranged between 100 to 140 and 50 to 840 respectively. The overall average patient dose values for the volume CT dose index [(CTDIvol), in mGy)] and dose length product (DLP) (in mGy·cm) were 34.8 ± 15 (3.7-117.0) and 383.8 ± 354 (46.0-3277.0) respectively. The average effective dose (mSv) was 15.2 ± 8 (1.2-61.8). The radiation dose values showed wide variation between different hospitals and even within the same hospital. The results indicate the need to optimize radiation dose and to establish diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) for patients undergoing coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), also to harmonize the imaging protocols to ensure reduced radiation risk.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
  17. Abuzaid MM, Elshami W, Tekin HO, Sulieman A, Bradley DA
    Radiat Prot Dosimetry, 2021 Nov 03;196(1-2):10-16.
    PMID: 34423365 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncab125
    The present study compares three different multidetector CT (MDCT) scanners for routine brain imaging in terms of image quality and radiation doses. The volume CT dose index (CTDIvol), dose-length product (DLP), and effective dose (E) were calculated. Subjective image assessment was obtained based on a scale ranging from 1 (unacceptable) to 5 (optimum). All images scored 3.5 or over, with the 160-slice MDCT images being favoured. For the 4-, 16- and 160-slice MDCT scanners, the respective median values for CTDIvol were 57 mGy, 41 mGy, and 28 mGy; DLP values were 901 mGy.cm, 680 mGy.cm, and 551 mGy.cm; and effective doses were 2 mSv, 1.5 mSv, and 1 mSv, respectively. Compared to the 160-slice MDCT, the dose values for the 4- and 16-slice units were significantly greater. In practice, the CT modality used must be carefully selected to avoid elevated radiation doses and maintain image quality.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
  18. Hatipoğlu FP, Mağat G, Hatipoğlu Ö, Al-Khatib H, Elatrash AS, Abidin IZ, et al.
    J Endod, 2023 Oct;49(10):1308-1318.
    PMID: 37393948 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2023.06.011
    AIM: The aim of this study was two-folded: i) to assess the prevalence of Distolingual Canal (DLC) and Radix Entomolaris (RE) in Mandibular First Molars (M1Ms), using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images and ii) to assess the impact of sociodemographic factors on the prevalence of these conditions worldwide.

    METHODS: CBCT images were scanned retrospectively and the ones including bilateral M1Ms were included in the study. The evaluation was performed by 1 researcher in each country, trained with CBCT technology. A written and video instruction program explaining the protocol to be followed step-by-step was provided to all observers to calibrate them. The CBCT imaging screening procedure consisted of evaluating axial sections from coronal to apical. The presence of DLC and RE in M1Ms (yes/no) was identified and recorded.

    RESULTS: Six thousand three hundred four CBCTs, representing 12,608 M1Ms, were evaluated. A significant difference was found between countries regarding the prevalence of both RE and DLC (P  .05).

    CONCLUSION: The overall prevalence of RE and DLC in M1Ms was 3% and 22%. Additionally, both RE and DLC showed substantial bilaterally. These variations should be considered by endodontic clinicians during endodontic procedures in order to avoid potential complications.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography/methods
  19. Al-Siweedi SYA, Ngeow WC, Nambiar P, Abu-Hassan MI, Ahmad R, Asif MK, et al.
    Folia Morphol (Warsz), 2023;82(2):315-324.
    PMID: 35285511 DOI: 10.5603/FM.a2022.0024
    BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to identify and classify the anatomic variation of mandibular canal among Malaysians of three ethnicities.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: The courses of the mandibular canal in 202 cone-beam computed tomography scanned images of healthy Malaysians were evaluated, and trifid mandibular canal (TMC) when present, were recorded and studied in detail by categorizing them to a new classification (comprising of 12 types). The diameter and length of canals were also measured, and their shape determined.

    RESULTS: Trifid mandibular canals were observed in 12 (5.9%) subjects or 16 (4.0%) hemi-mandibles. There were 10 obvious categories out the 12 types of TMCs listed. All TMCs (except one) were observed in patients older than 30 years. The prevalence according to ethnicity was 6 in Malays, 5 in Chinese and 1 in Indian. Four (33.3%) patients had bilateral TMCs, which was not seen in the Indian subject. More than half (56.3%) of the accessory canals were located above the main mandibular canal. Their mean diameter was 1.32 mm and 1.26 mm for the first and second accessory canal, and the corresponding lengths were 20.42 mm and 21.60 mm, respectively. Most (62.5%) canals had irregularly shaped lumen; there were more irregularly shaped canals in the second accessory canal than the first branch. None of the second accessory canal was oval (in shape).

    CONCLUSIONS: This new classification can be applied for the variations in the branching pattern, length and shape of TMCs for better clinical description.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography/methods
  20. Asif MK, Ibrahim N, Sivarajan S, Heng Khiang Teh N, Chek Wey M
    Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 2020 Oct;158(4):579-586.e1.
    PMID: 32826123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2019.09.022
    INTRODUCTION: The study aimed to investigate the effects of micro-osteoperforations (MOPs) on the mandibular bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV) ratio changes and the rate of orthodontic tooth movement using cone-beam computed tomography images. Another objective was to evaluate the effects of MOP frequency intervals (4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks) on the BV/TV ratio and rate of tooth movement.

    METHODS: In 24 participants, 140-200 g of force was applied for mandibular canine retraction. Three MOPs were made according to the scheduled intervals of the 3 different groups: group 1 (MOP 4 weeks), group 2 (MOP 8 weeks), and group 3 (MOP 12 weeks) directly at the mandibular buccal cortical bone of extracted first premolars sites. Cone-beam computed tomography scans were obtained at the 12th week after MOP application. Computed tomography Analyzer software (version 1.11.0.0; Skyscan, Kontich, Belgium) was used to compute the trabecular alveolar BV/TV ratio.

    RESULTS: A significant difference was observed in the rate of canine movement between control and MOP. Paired t test analysis showed a significant difference (P = 0.001) in the mean BV/TV ratio between control and MOP sides in all the frequency intervals groups. However, the difference was significant only in group 1 (P = 0.014). A strong negative correlation (r = -0.86) was observed between the rate of canine tooth movement and the BV/TV ratio at the MOP side for group 1 and all frequency intervals together (r = -0.42).

    CONCLUSIONS: The rate of orthodontic tooth movement can be accelerated by the MOP technique with frequently repeated MOPs throughout the treatment.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
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