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  1. A Qualitative Study of Young Men Who Have Sex With Men and Multilevel Factors Related to HIV Risks in Malaysia
    Burch WJ, Hart GJ, Lim SH
    AIDS Educ Prev, 2018 04;30(2):85-95.
    PMID: 29688771 DOI: 10.1521/aeap.2018.30.2.85
    Young men who have sex with men (YMSM) are a group at high risk for HIV infection, yet no research has been conducted to understand this population in Malaysia. Semistructured interviews from a combination of YMSM aged 18-25 (n = 20) and local service providers of sexual health services (n = 4) were conducted from May to June 2015. Thematic analysis was used to identify common themes in participant responses from transcripts. Participants reported societal and internalized homophobia, an absence of sex education and difficulty accessing confidential HIV testing. This study provides insights into how homophobia in Malaysian society influences individual risk behavior for HIV in Malaysian YMSM, and makes practical suggestions for more effective HIV prevention in this population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality
  2. Patient confidentiality, ethics and licensing in telemedicine
    Yadav H, Lin WY
    Asia Pac J Public Health, 2001;13 Suppl:S36-8.
    PMID: 12109246
    Telemedicine is fast becoming popular in many countries in the world. It has several advantages such as being cost saving and providing better access to health care in the remote areas in many parts of the world. However, it has some disadvantages as well. One of the major problems is the problem of patients' rights and confidentiality in the use of telemedicine. There are no standard guidelines and procedures in the practice of telemedicine as yet. Both the patient and the physician are unsure of the standard of practice and how to maintain confidentiality. The patient is uncertain as to how to protect her/his rights in the use of telemedicine. The issue of litigation is also unclear as to where the physician is practicing when he/she uses telemedicine. Is she/he practicing in the country where the patient is or is the physician practicing in the country of her/his origin? These issues need to be addressed urgently so that telemedicine will have standards of ethical practice and the patient's rights and confidentiality will be protected.
    Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality*
  3. Fulltext The pre-employment medical--ethical dilemmas for GPs
    Thuraisingham C, Nalliah S
    Aust Fam Physician, 2013 Apr;42(4):249-51.
    PMID: 23550254
    In many workplaces, employment is conditional on a successful pre-employment medical examination. This examination is usually conducted by a general practitioner on the employers' panel of approved clinics or by an in-house company doctor.
    Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality/ethics
  4. Fulltext Using telemedicine to support care for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a qualitative analysis of patients' perspectives
    Lee JY, Chan CKY, Chua SS, Paraidathathu T, Lee KK, Tan CSS, et al.
    BMJ Open, 2019 Oct 22;9(10):e026575.
    PMID: 31640990 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026575
    OBJECTIVE: Telemedicine has been promoted as an economical and effective way to enhance patient care, but its acceptance among patients in low-income and middle-income countries is poorly understood. This study is aimed to explore the experiences and perspectives of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus that used telemedicine to manage their condition.

    DESIGN: In-depth and focus group interviews were conducted with participants who have engaged in telemedicine. Questions included were participants' perception on the programme being used, satisfaction as well as engagement with the telemedicine programme. All interviews and focus groups were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using a thematic approach.

    PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: People with type 2 diabetes (n=48) who participated in a randomised controlled study which examined the use of telemedicine for diabetes management were recruited from 11 primary care clinics located within the Klang Valley.

    RESULTS: Twelve focus groups and two in-depth interviews were conducted. Four themes emerged from the analysis: (1) generational difference; (2) independence and convenience, (3) sharing of health data and privacy and (4) concerns and challenges. The main obstacles found in patients using the telemedicine systems were related to internet connectivity and difficulties experienced with system interface. Cost was also another significant concern raised by participants. Participants in this study were primarily positive about the benefits of telemedicine, including its ability to provide real-time data and disease monitoring and the reduction in clinic visits.

    CONCLUSION: Despite the potential benefits of telemedicine in the long-term care of diabetes, there are several perceived barriers that may limit the effectiveness of this technology. As such, collaboration between educators, healthcare providers, telecommunication service providers and patients are required to stimulate the adoption and the use of telemedicine.NCT0246680.

    Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality
  5. Fulltext Sharing Medical Big Data While Preserving Patient Confidentiality in Innovative Medicines Initiative: A Summary and Case Report from BigData@Heart
    Schröder M, Muller SHA, Vradi E, Mielke J, Lim YMF, Couvelard F, et al.
    Big Data, 2023 Dec;11(6):399-407.
    PMID: 37889577 DOI: 10.1089/big.2022.0178
    Sharing individual patient data (IPD) is a simple concept but complex to achieve due to data privacy and data security concerns, underdeveloped guidelines, and legal barriers. Sharing IPD is additionally difficult in big data-driven collaborations such as Bigdata@Heart in the Innovative Medicines Initiative, due to competing interests between diverse consortium members. One project within BigData@Heart, case study 1, needed to pool data from seven heterogeneous data sets: five randomized controlled trials from three different industry partners, and two disease registries. Sharing IPD was not considered feasible due to legal requirements and the sensitive medical nature of these data. In addition, harmonizing the data sets for a federated data analysis was difficult due to capacity constraints and the heterogeneity of the data sets. An alternative option was to share summary statistics through contingency tables. Here it is demonstrated that this method along with anonymization methods to ensure patient anonymity had minimal loss of information. Although sharing IPD should continue to be encouraged and strived for, our approach achieved a good balance between data transparency while protecting patient privacy. It also allowed a successful collaboration between industry and academia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality*
  6. Fulltext The importance of Good Clinical Practice guidelines and its role in clinical trials
    Vijayananthan A, Nawawi O
    Biomed Imaging Interv J, 2008 Jan;4(1):e5.
    PMID: 21614316 MyJurnal DOI: 10.2349/biij.4.1.e5
    Good Clinical Practice (GCP) is an international ethical and scientific quality standard for the design, conduct, performance, monitoring, auditing, recording, analyses and reporting of clinical trials. It also serves to protect the rights, integrity and confidentiality of trial subjects. It is very important to understand the background of the formation of the ICH-GCP guidelines as this, in itself, explains the reasons and the need for doing so. In this paper, we address the historical background and the events that led up to the formation of these guidelines. Today, the ICH-GCP guidelines are used in clinical trials throughout the globe with the main aim of protecting and preserving human rights.
    Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality
  7. Data on the relationship of emotional intelligence and stages of change among Malaysian prison inmates
    Ahmed Tharbe IH, Kamaruddin MKA, Sumari M, Chong IM
    Data Brief, 2021 Apr;35:106804.
    PMID: 33604426 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.106804
    The data presented in this article examine the relationship between the subcomponents of emotional intelligence (emotional perception and expression, emotional facilitation of thinking, emotional understanding and emotional management) and the stages of change (pre-contemplation, contemplation, action and maintenance). The final data were obtained from 429 Malaysian inmates (374 male and 55 female) recruited from eight Malaysian prisons in four different zones. The two instruments used were the Self-Rated Malaysian Emotional Intelligence Scale (SRMEIS) and the University Rhodes Island Change Assessment Scale (URICA). Both instruments underwent expert validation through construct and test-retest validity. The researcher randomly distributed a total of 550 questionnaires, of which 429 were accepted and 121 were rejected due to missing data and outliers, resulting in 78% of participants providing data that could be used in the analyses. All participants were informed of the confidentiality of their data, and their participation was voluntary. SPSS and Excel files are provided as supplementary material.
    Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality
  8. Fulltext Modified algorithm for image watermarking using 2D-DCT and Elgamal Cryptosyst
    Nur Azien Yazid, Kamilah Abdullah, Suhaila Abd Halim
    ESTEEM Academic Journal, 2019;15(1):44-55.
    MyJurnal
    Image watermarking embeds identifying information in an image in such a manner that it cannot easily be removed. For the past several years, image digital watermarking has become a necessary element used for hiding secret image and enabling secured communication such as
    privacy, confidentiality, authentication and data integrity. Although numerous watermarking schemes are present in grayscale images, the present work focuses on the RGB color image. This study proposed a new hybrid method that would satisfy the essential needs of modern image watermarking. The color image watermarking is based on the 2D Discrete Cosine Transform and Elgamal cryptosystem. The 2D Discrete Cosine Transform depends on the matrix products, while the Elgamal cryptosystem depends on the discrete logarithm problem. The cryptosystem is combined with existing Arnold transform in watermarking algorithm to enhance the security of secret image. Value of Peak Signal to Noise Ratio was taken as performance evaluation parameters. On the whole, the performance evaluation shows that combining the two algorithms improved the performance of image watermarking.
    Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality
  9. Professional Practice and Innovation: The Development and Design of an Electronic Patient Record Using Open Source Web-Based Technology
    Syed-Mohamad SM, Ali SH, Mat-Husin MN
    Health Inf Manag, 2010 Mar;39(1):30-35.
    PMID: 28683624 DOI: 10.1177/183335831003900105
    This paper describes the method used to develop the One Stop Crisis Centre (OSCC) Portal, an open-source web-based electronic patient record system (EPR) for the One Stop Crisis Center, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM) in Kelantan, Malaysia. Features and functionalities of the system are presented to demonstrate the workflow. Use of the OSCC Portal improved data integration and data communication and contributed to improvements in care management. With implementation of the OSCC portal, improved coordination between disciplines and standardisation of data in HUSM were noticed. It is expected that this will in turn result in improved data confidentiality and data integrity. The collected data will also be useful for quality assessment and research. Other low-resource centers with limited computer hardware and access to open-source software could benefit from this endeavour.
    Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality
  10. Fulltext Social Media in the Urology Practice | Opinion: NO
    Da Silva RD, Leow JJ, Abidin ZA, Linden-Castro E, Castro EIB, Blanco LT, et al.
    Int Braz J Urol, 2019 10 19;45(5):882-888.
    PMID: 31626517 DOI: 10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2019.05.04
    Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality
  11. Fulltext Examining Consumers' Adoption of Wearable Healthcare Technology: The Role of Health Attributes
    Cheung ML, Chau KY, Lam MHS, Tse G, Ho KY, Flint SW, et al.
    Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2019 Jun 26;16(13).
    PMID: 31247962 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16132257
    With the advancement of information technology, wearable healthcare technology has emerged as one of the promising technologies to improve the wellbeing of individuals. However, the adoption of wearable healthcare technology has lagged when compared to other well-established durable technology products, such as smartphones and tablets, because of the inadequate knowledge of the antecedents of adoption intention. The aim of this paper is to address an identified gap in the literature by empirically testing a theoretical model for examining the impact of consumers' health beliefs, health information accuracy, and the privacy protection of wearable healthcare technology on perceived usefulness. Importantly, this study also examines the influences of perceived usefulness, consumer innovativeness, and reference group influence on the adoption intention of wearable healthcare technology. The model seeks to enhance understanding of the influential factors in adopting wearable healthcare technology. Finally, suggestions for future research for the empirical investigation of the model are provided.
    Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality
  12. Towards reinforcing telemedicine adoption amongst clinicians in Nigeria
    Adenuga KI, Iahad NA, Miskon S
    Int J Med Inform, 2017 08;104:84-96.
    PMID: 28599820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2017.05.008
    Telemedicine systems have been considered as a necessary measure to alleviate the shortfall in skilled medical specialists in developing countries. However, the obvious challenge is whether clinicians are willing to use this technological innovation, which has aided medical practice globally. One factor which has received little academic attention is the provision of suitable encouragement for clinicians to adopt telemedicine, in the form of rewards, motivation or incentives. A further consideration for telemedicine usage in developing countries, especially sub-Saharan Africa and Nigeria in particular, are to the severe shortage of available practising clinicians. The researchers therefore explore the need to positively reinforce the adoption of telemedicine amongst clinicians in Nigeria, and also offer a rationale for this using the UTAUT model. Data were collected using a structured paper-based questionnaire, with 252 physicians and nurses from six government hospitals in Ondo state, Nigeria. The study applied SmartPLS 2.0 for analysis to determine the relationship between six variables. Demographic moderating variables, age, gender and profession, were included. The results indicate that performance expectancy (p<0.05), effort expectancy (p<0.05), facilitating condition (p<0.01) and reinforcement factor (p<0.001) have significant effects on clinicians' behavioural intention to use telemedicine systems, as predicted using the extended UTAUT model. Our results showed that the use of telemedicine by clinicians in the Nigerian context is perceived as a dual responsibility which requires suitable reinforcement. In addition, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating condition and reinforcement determinants are influential factors in the use of telemedicine services for remote-patient clinical diagnosis and management by the Nigerian clinicians.
    Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality
  13. Fulltext RULA mobile android application software
    Yusof Kadikon, Imran Mohd Shafek, M. Maarof Bahurdin
    Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 2015;12(1):121-124.
    MyJurnal
    In Malaysia, the number of Musculoskeletal Disorder (MSD) cases is increasing . Rapid Upper Limb Assessment
    (RULA) is carried out in a physical paper form which is cumbersome and based on the complex nature and it should
    consider human error. This project aims to create the RULA application for mobile devices featuring the android system
    for this move will cut down the process time by more than half, create a more structured system and eliminate human
    error wholly. The application will be designed on the App Inventor website which features a lot of handy tutorials
    and takes the initiative to create a RULA mobile app for Android phones. The RULA mobile app for Android phones
    is intended to make it easier and much more efficient to conduct a RULA analysis. Additionally, the analyses can be
    conducted by minimally trained users, eliminating the need for highly trained technicians. RULA test is performed to
    achieve accurate results and the mathematical processes will be programmed into the app so that the user will have a
    friendly interface and will only be asked to tick boxes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality
  14. Fulltext An innovative privacy preserving technique for incremental datasets on cloud computing
    Aldeen YA, Salleh M, Aljeroudi Y
    J Biomed Inform, 2016 08;62:107-16.
    PMID: 27369566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2016.06.011
    Cloud computing (CC) is a magnificent service-based delivery with gigantic computer processing power and data storage across connected communications channels. It imparted overwhelming technological impetus in the internet (web) mediated IT industry, where users can easily share private data for further analysis and mining. Furthermore, user affable CC services enable to deploy sundry applications economically. Meanwhile, simple data sharing impelled various phishing attacks and malware assisted security threats. Some privacy sensitive applications like health services on cloud that are built with several economic and operational benefits necessitate enhanced security. Thus, absolute cyberspace security and mitigation against phishing blitz became mandatory to protect overall data privacy. Typically, diverse applications datasets are anonymized with better privacy to owners without providing all secrecy requirements to the newly added records. Some proposed techniques emphasized this issue by re-anonymizing the datasets from the scratch. The utmost privacy protection over incremental datasets on CC is far from being achieved. Certainly, the distribution of huge datasets volume across multiple storage nodes limits the privacy preservation. In this view, we propose a new anonymization technique to attain better privacy protection with high data utility over distributed and incremental datasets on CC. The proficiency of data privacy preservation and improved confidentiality requirements is demonstrated through performance evaluation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality
  15. Structured student-generated videos for first-year students at a dental school in Malaysia
    Omar H, Khan SA, Toh CG
    J Dent Educ, 2013 May;77(5):640-7.
    PMID: 23658411
    Student-generated videos provide an authentic learning experience for students, enhance motivation and engagement, improve communication skills, and improve collaborative learning skills. This article describes the development and implementation of a student-generated video activity as part of a knowledge, observation, simulation, and experience (KOSE) program at the School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It also reports the students' perceptions of an activity that introduced first-year dental students (n=44) to clinical scenarios involving patients and dental team aiming to improve professional behavior and communication skills. The learning activity was divided into three phases: preparatory phase, video production phase, and video-watching. Students were organized into five groups and were instructed to generate videos addressing given clinical scenarios. Following the activity, students' perceptions were assessed with a questionnaire. The results showed that 86 percent and 88 percent, respectively, of the students agreed that preparation of the activity enhanced their understanding of the role of dentists in provision of health care and the role of enhanced teamwork. In addition, 86 percent and 75 percent, respectively, agreed that the activity improved their communication and project management skills. Overall, the dental students perceived that the student-generated video activity was a positive experience and enabled them to play the major role in driving their learning process.
    Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality
  16. Fulltext Watermarking techniques used in medical images: a survey
    Mousavi SM, Naghsh A, Abu-Bakar SA
    J Digit Imaging, 2014 Dec;27(6):714-29.
    PMID: 24871349 DOI: 10.1007/s10278-014-9700-5
    The ever-growing numbers of medical digital images and the need to share them among specialists and hospitals for better and more accurate diagnosis require that patients' privacy be protected. As a result of this, there is a need for medical image watermarking (MIW). However, MIW needs to be performed with special care for two reasons. Firstly, the watermarking procedure cannot compromise the quality of the image. Secondly, confidential patient information embedded within the image should be flawlessly retrievable without risk of error after image decompressing. Despite extensive research undertaken in this area, there is still no method available to fulfill all the requirements of MIW. This paper aims to provide a useful survey on watermarking and offer a clear perspective for interested researchers by analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of different existing methods.
    Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality/standards*
  17. Educating school students and gauging their perception about the harmful effects of smoking using a "Facial-Ageing App (mobile application):" An experience from Malaysia
    Marzo RR, Bhattacharya S, Ravichandran S, Lakshmanan P, Jeffery VR, Moralitheran P, et al.
    J Educ Health Promot, 2019;8:250.
    PMID: 32002422 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_192_19
    INTRODUCTION: Smoking is one of the leading factors of mortality in Malaysia. Most youngsters start at adolescence, fascinated by the concept of smoking. Interventions that harness the broad availability of mobile phones, as well as adolescents' interest in their appearance, may be an innovative way to advance school-based prevention. This study aims to determine the perceptions of facial-aging apps among secondary school students.

    METHODOLOGY: For this research, descriptive cross-sectional study using simple random sampling method was used. Population sampling was targeted toward three government schools. The total number of respondents is 383, with all of them aged between 13 and- 16 years of age. Legal considerations were taken to maintain the confidentiality of respondents. The specific objectives are: 1. To determine the level of change of intention on smoking, 2. To know the perceived reactions of the peer groups on the appearances of students as nonsmokers, 3. To determine whether the students learned new benefits of nonsmokingand, 4. To measure the impact of a facial-aging app among students.

    RESULTS: The number of respondents who smoke was 40 (10.4%), while the number of respondents who do not smoke was 343 (89.6%). About 89% of the respondents agree that their three-dimensional selfie image motivates them not to smoke. In addition, 87.8% of respondents admit that the perceived reactions of their classmates make them think that they look better as nonsmokers. After learning the effects of smoking, about 86.4% of the respondents acknowledged that they would educate their peer groups. Furthermore, 85.9% of the respondents found this "Smokerface" app enjoyable.

    CONCLUSION: The facial-aging intervention was effective in motivating Malaysian pupils to stay away from tobacco use. Thus, the analysis on the study of facial app usage in smoking prevention among youngsters concludes that most of the adolescents concur that the "Smokerface" app helps in the prevention of smoking among youths.

    Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality
  18. Determinants of RFID adoption in Malaysia's healthcare industry: occupational level as a moderator
    Zailani S, Iranmanesh M, Nikbin D, Beng JK
    J Med Syst, 2015 Jan;39(1):172.
    PMID: 25503418 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-014-0172-4
    With today's highly competitive market in the healthcare industry, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a technology that can be applied by hospitals to improve operational efficiency and to gain a competitive advantage over their competitors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that may effect RFID adoption in Malaysia's healthcare industry. In addition, the moderating role of occupational level was tested. Data was collected from 223 managers as well as healthcare and supporting staffs. This data was analyzed using the partial least squares technique. The results show that perceived ease of use and usefulness, government policy, top management support, and security and privacy concerns have an effect on the intent to adopt RFID in hospitals. There is a wide gap between managers and healthcare staff in terms of the factors that influence RFID adoption. The results of this study will help decision makers as well as managers in the healthcare industry to better understand the determinants of RFID adoption. Additionally, it will assist in the process of RFID adoption, and therefore, spread the usage of RFID technology in more hospitals.
    Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality
  19. A security framework for nationwide health information exchange based on telehealth strategy
    Zaidan BB, Haiqi A, Zaidan AA, Abdulnabi M, Kiah ML, Muzamel H
    J Med Syst, 2015 May;39(5):51.
    PMID: 25732083 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-015-0235-1
    This study focuses on the situation of health information exchange (HIE) in the context of a nationwide network. It aims to create a security framework that can be implemented to ensure the safe transmission of health information across the boundaries of care providers in Malaysia and other countries. First, a critique of the major elements of nationwide health information networks is presented from the perspective of security, along with such topics as the importance of HIE, issues, and main approaches. Second, a systematic evaluation is conducted on the security solutions that can be utilized in the proposed nationwide network. Finally, a secure framework for health information transmission is proposed within a central cloud-based model, which is compatible with the Malaysian telehealth strategy. The outcome of this analysis indicates that a complete security framework for a global structure of HIE is yet to be defined and implemented. Our proposed framework represents such an endeavor and suggests specific techniques to achieve this goal.
    Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality
  20. Challenges, alternatives, and paths to sustainability: better public health promotion using social networking pages as key tools
    Zaidan AA, Zaidan BB, Kadhem Z, Larbani M, Lakulu MB, Hashim M
    J Med Syst, 2015 Feb;39(2):7.
    PMID: 25631841 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-015-0201-y
    This paper discusses the possibility of promoting public health and implementing educational health services using Facebook. We discuss the challenges and strengths of using such a platform as a tool for public health care systems from two different perspectives, namely, the view of IT developers and that of physicians. We present a new way of evaluating user interactivity in health care systems from tools provided by Facebook that measure statistical traffic in the Internet. Findings show that Facebook is a very promising tool in promoting e-health services in Web 2.0. Results from statistical traffic show that a Facebook page is more efficient than other pages in promoting public health.
    Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality
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