Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 64 in total

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  1. Burch WJ, Hart GJ, Lim SH
    AIDS Educ Prev, 2018 04;30(2):85-95.
    PMID: 29688771 DOI: 10.1521/aeap.2018.30.2.85
    Young men who have sex with men (YMSM) are a group at high risk for HIV infection, yet no research has been conducted to understand this population in Malaysia. Semistructured interviews from a combination of YMSM aged 18-25 (n = 20) and local service providers of sexual health services (n = 4) were conducted from May to June 2015. Thematic analysis was used to identify common themes in participant responses from transcripts. Participants reported societal and internalized homophobia, an absence of sex education and difficulty accessing confidential HIV testing. This study provides insights into how homophobia in Malaysian society influences individual risk behavior for HIV in Malaysian YMSM, and makes practical suggestions for more effective HIV prevention in this population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality
  2. Hussien HM, Yasin SM, Udzir SNI, Zaidan AA, Zaidan BB
    J Med Syst, 2019 Sep 14;43(10):320.
    PMID: 31522262 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-019-1445-8
    Blockchain in healthcare applications requires robust security and privacy mechanism for high-level authentication, interoperability and medical records sharing to comply with the strict legal requirements of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996. Blockchain technology in the healthcare industry has received considerable research attention in recent years. This study conducts a review to substantially analyse and map the research landscape of current technologies, mainly the use of blockchain in healthcare applications, into a coherent taxonomy. The present study systematically searches all relevant research articles on blockchain in healthcare applications in three accessible databases, namely, ScienceDirect, IEEE and Web of Science, by using the defined keywords 'blockchain', 'healthcare' and 'electronic health records' and their variations. The final set of collected articles related to the use of blockchain in healthcare application is divided into three categories. The first category includes articles (i.e. 43/58 scientific articles) that attempted to develop and design healthcare applications integrating blockchain, particularly those on new architecture, system designs, framework, scheme, model, platform, approach, protocol and algorithm. The second category includes studies (i.e., 6/58 scientific articles) that attempted to evaluate and analyse the adoption of blockchain in the healthcare system. Finally, the third category comprises review and survey articles (i.e., 6/58 scientific articles) related to the integration of blockchain into healthcare applications. The final articles for review are discussed on the basis of five aspects: (1) year of publication, (2) nationality of authors, (3) publishing house or journal, (4) purpose of using blockchain in health applications and the corresponding contributions and (5) problem types and proposed solutions. Additionally, this study provides identified motivations, open challenges and recommendations on the use of blockchain in healthcare applications. The current research contributes to the literature by providing a detailed review of feasible alternatives and identifying the research gaps. Accordingly, researchers and developers are provided with appealing opportunities to further develop decentralised healthcare applications through a comprehensive discussion of about the importance of blockchain and its integration into various healthcare applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality
  3. Tayan O, Kabir MN, Alginahi YM
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:514652.
    PMID: 25254247 DOI: 10.1155/2014/514652
    This paper addresses the problems and threats associated with verification of integrity, proof of authenticity, tamper detection, and copyright protection for digital-text content. Such issues were largely addressed in the literature for images, audio, and video, with only a few papers addressing the challenge of sensitive plain-text media under known constraints. Specifically, with text as the predominant online communication medium, it becomes crucial that techniques are deployed to protect such information. A number of digital-signature, hashing, and watermarking schemes have been proposed that essentially bind source data or embed invisible data in a cover media to achieve its goal. While many such complex schemes with resource redundancies are sufficient in offline and less-sensitive texts, this paper proposes a hybrid approach based on zero-watermarking and digital-signature-like manipulations for sensitive text documents in order to achieve content originality and integrity verification without physically modifying the cover text in anyway. The proposed algorithm was implemented and shown to be robust against undetected content modifications and is capable of confirming proof of originality whilst detecting and locating deliberate/nondeliberate tampering. Additionally, enhancements in resource utilisation and reduced redundancies were achieved in comparison to traditional encryption-based approaches. Finally, analysis and remarks are made about the current state of the art, and future research issues are discussed under the given constraints.
    Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality/standards*
  4. Abbasi IA, Jan SU, Alqahtani AS, Khan AS, Algarni F
    PLoS One, 2024;19(1):e0294429.
    PMID: 38289970 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294429
    Cloud computing is vital in various applications, such as healthcare, transportation, governance, and mobile computing. When using a public cloud server, it is mandatory to be secured from all known threats because a minor attacker's disturbance severely threatens the whole system. A public cloud server is posed with numerous threats; an adversary can easily enter the server to access sensitive information, especially for the healthcare industry, which offers services to patients, researchers, labs, and hospitals in a flexible way with minimal operational costs. It is challenging to make it a reliable system and ensure the privacy and security of a cloud-enabled healthcare system. In this regard, numerous security mechanisms have been proposed in past decades. These protocols either suffer from replay attacks, are completed in three to four round trips or have maximum computation, which means the security doesn't balance with performance. Thus, this work uses a fuzzy extractor method to propose a robust security method for a cloud-enabled healthcare system based on Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC). The proposed scheme's security analysis has been examined formally with BAN logic, ROM and ProVerif and informally using pragmatic illustration and different attacks' discussions. The proposed security mechanism is analyzed in terms of communication and computation costs. Upon comparing the proposed protocol with prior work, it has been demonstrated that our scheme is 33.91% better in communication costs and 35.39% superior to its competitors in computation costs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality*
  5. Zaidan BB, Haiqi A, Zaidan AA, Abdulnabi M, Kiah ML, Muzamel H
    J Med Syst, 2015 May;39(5):51.
    PMID: 25732083 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-015-0235-1
    This study focuses on the situation of health information exchange (HIE) in the context of a nationwide network. It aims to create a security framework that can be implemented to ensure the safe transmission of health information across the boundaries of care providers in Malaysia and other countries. First, a critique of the major elements of nationwide health information networks is presented from the perspective of security, along with such topics as the importance of HIE, issues, and main approaches. Second, a systematic evaluation is conducted on the security solutions that can be utilized in the proposed nationwide network. Finally, a secure framework for health information transmission is proposed within a central cloud-based model, which is compatible with the Malaysian telehealth strategy. The outcome of this analysis indicates that a complete security framework for a global structure of HIE is yet to be defined and implemented. Our proposed framework represents such an endeavor and suggests specific techniques to achieve this goal.
    Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality
  6. Daphne Clemente, Nurul Amiella Abdullah, ZurianahJusmin Jasmin, Muhammad Syafiq Abdullah, Helen Benedict Lasimbang, Wendy Diana Shoesmith, et al.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Continuous quality improvement of system is essential to improve efficiency of working environ- ment. Limited financial allocation in low resource setting results in the vicious circle of having inadequate money to purchase a new system and print paper documents that are required for the operation of clinic. A staff-initiated system improvement with the name of “PRW UMS Staff Portal” was attempted to break-free from the vicious cycle. Methods: An online system covering different aspects of routine clinical work of healthcare workers was created in Dec 2019 and implemented in Feb 2020 using Google SiteTM by the nurses of a local university community clinic, which included: submission of daily reports of nurses and assistant medical officers, submission of reports of all programmes conducted by the clinic, surveillance of health status of working staffs, announcement and request of working roster, archiving of documents, and medication inventory. The system could only be accessed using official working email for general documents while accesses to sensitive documents were restricted to relevant staffs to pro- tect privacy and confidentiality of information. Qualitative interviews were performed with all nursing staff involved. Results: Qualitative feeling of improvement in coordination of workflow was reported by all 23 staffs working in the clinic in view of the easy access of system using smartphone and computer at workstation. It also reduced the need to move away from the working station in order to access, replenish, or submit the printed documents and reports. Significant amount of paper and printing were saved monthly. Conclusions: Despite positive feedback from the staffs, the system requires further improvement in terms of function and security. Further evaluation on cost-efficiency of the system can be done to promote the system to other universities.

    Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality
  7. Azmi, M.T., Emran, M.T.
    MyJurnal
    Background: Without any doubt, the combo of user ID and password are the most used authentication method in the computing and internet environment. However, due to the enormous number of accounts that require password authentication, users tend to develop bad habits in their password practices which in turn will put their account security at risk. With the increasing use of computing in health-care settings and the use of EMR in hospitals, such practices are a cause for concern.
    Methods: This is a cross-sectional study using self-administered questionnaires, investigating the practice of the respondents in keeping their passwords secure. Respondents in this survey are the undergraduate students of Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
    Results: Among the findings are that 87.4% of the respondents used the same password for more than one account. If a user used the same password for several accounts, it might trigger a domino effect if any of the account passwords were compromised. A total of 98.9% of the respondents memorised their password only in their mind, without writing down the password anywhere. This may lead to using easily guessable passwords which may introduce additional security risk to their accounts. The majority of the respondents (96.6%) never or rarely change their passwords. The study also showed that 82.7% of the respondents used passwords which are 6-8 characters in length. Longer passwords are usually safer but harder to remember. The questionnaire also explored the users’ password combination style, whether they used numbers only or combination of numbers and alphabets or some other pattern. A total of 39.1% used letters only but 27.6% used combination of numbers only which is less secure. About 77% of the respondents used personal information such as their birthday date or a person’s name as part of their password.
    Conclusions: This habit may make their password guessable to people who are close to them. In conclusion, most medical students are not practising safe password conduct and they should be educated on this. If not, patients’ data confidentiality may be compromised in the future due to such practices.
    Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality
  8. Jayabalan M, O'Daniel T
    J Med Syst, 2016 Dec;40(12):261.
    PMID: 27722981
    This study presents a systematic literature review of access control for electronic health record systems to protect patient's privacy. Articles from 2006 to 2016 were extracted from the ACM Digital Library, IEEE Xplore Digital Library, Science Direct, MEDLINE, and MetaPress using broad eligibility criteria, and chosen for inclusion based on analysis of ISO22600. Cryptographic standards and methods were left outside the scope of this review. Three broad classes of models are being actively investigated and developed: access control for electronic health records, access control for interoperability, and access control for risk analysis. Traditional role-based access control models are extended with spatial, temporal, probabilistic, dynamic, and semantic aspects to capture contextual information and provide granular access control. Maintenance of audit trails and facilities for overriding normal roles to allow full access in emergency cases are common features. Access privilege frameworks utilizing ontology-based knowledge representation for defining the rules have attracted considerable interest, due to the higher level of abstraction that makes it possible to model domain knowledge and validate access requests efficiently.
    Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality
  9. Hassan N, A. Rahman K, Aris Kasah M, Jusoh M
    MyJurnal
    A qualitative research was carried out in Besut and Kuala Terengganu to identyy adolescents’ health problems and needs jiom adolescent perspective, and to establish a priority area in the development of Adolescent Health Clinic in the district. A total of 61 adolescents were selected and divided into four groups and stratified according to age, 13-15 years old and 16 - 17 years old. Generally all participants wished to live in an environment free hom negative health risk factors. The obstacles they perceived were mainly related to lack of care or too much control by their parents. Some of them perceived that their parents in general had inadequate knowledge and skills on parenting. Among local behavioural problems mentioned were loafing, running away from home, vandalism, school absenteeism, aggressive behaviour, substance abuse, pre-marital sexual activities, "bohsia", “bohjan" and even involvement in crimes. More than hah' agreed that counselling service is important for adolescents, and it should be made available in the community preferably outside the schools. They perceived an adolescent friendly health clinic concept as an important concept that should be introduced. To them adolescent friendly health clinic is a clinic run by professionals who are knowledgeable, caring, good listeners, non—judgemental, and who exercise confidentiality. The clinic preferably should be situated in a location which is away from the present health facilities to avoid the image of a place for sick people. Clinic hours preferably during weekends, should provide appropriate technologies and situated in a comfortable ambience. Adolescent participation in the clinic was also mentioned as an important entity for adolescent friendly health services.
    Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality
  10. Kiah ML, Nabi MS, Zaidan BB, Zaidan AA
    J Med Syst, 2013 Oct;37(5):9971.
    PMID: 24037086 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-013-9971-2
    This study aims to provide security solutions for implementing electronic medical records (EMRs). E-Health organizations could utilize the proposed method and implement recommended solutions in medical/health systems. Majority of the required security features of EMRs were noted. The methods used were tested against each of these security features. In implementing the system, the combination that satisfied all of the security features of EMRs was selected. Secure implementation and management of EMRs facilitate the safeguarding of the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of e-health organization systems. Health practitioners, patients, and visitors can use the information system facilities safely and with confidence anytime and anywhere. After critically reviewing security and data transmission methods, a new hybrid method was proposed to be implemented on EMR systems. This method will enhance the robustness, security, and integration of EMR systems. The hybrid of simple object access protocol/extensible markup language (XML) with advanced encryption standard and secure hash algorithm version 1 has achieved the security requirements of an EMR system with the capability of integrating with other systems through the design of XML messages.
    Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality
  11. Aldeen YA, Salleh M, Aljeroudi Y
    J Biomed Inform, 2016 08;62:107-16.
    PMID: 27369566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2016.06.011
    Cloud computing (CC) is a magnificent service-based delivery with gigantic computer processing power and data storage across connected communications channels. It imparted overwhelming technological impetus in the internet (web) mediated IT industry, where users can easily share private data for further analysis and mining. Furthermore, user affable CC services enable to deploy sundry applications economically. Meanwhile, simple data sharing impelled various phishing attacks and malware assisted security threats. Some privacy sensitive applications like health services on cloud that are built with several economic and operational benefits necessitate enhanced security. Thus, absolute cyberspace security and mitigation against phishing blitz became mandatory to protect overall data privacy. Typically, diverse applications datasets are anonymized with better privacy to owners without providing all secrecy requirements to the newly added records. Some proposed techniques emphasized this issue by re-anonymizing the datasets from the scratch. The utmost privacy protection over incremental datasets on CC is far from being achieved. Certainly, the distribution of huge datasets volume across multiple storage nodes limits the privacy preservation. In this view, we propose a new anonymization technique to attain better privacy protection with high data utility over distributed and incremental datasets on CC. The proficiency of data privacy preservation and improved confidentiality requirements is demonstrated through performance evaluation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality
  12. Mazlina M, Julia PE
    Singapore Med J, 2011 Jun;52(6):421-7.
    PMID: 21731994
    Medical ethics issues encountered in rehabilitation medicine differ from those in an acute care setting due to the complex relationships among the parties involved in rehabilitative care. The study examined the attitudes of Malaysian rehabilitation doctors toward medical ethics issues commonly encountered during patient care.
    Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality
  13. Koh KC, Teh JR, Khan SA
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2013;2013:462826.
    PMID: 24285935 DOI: 10.1155/2013/462826
    We describe the findings from a survey assessing the beliefs regarding testing, confidentiality, disclosure, and environment of care and attitudes towards care of people with HIV/AIDS (PLHWA), in 1020, 4th and 5th year medical students, from public and private medical universities in Malaysia. A self-administered validated questionnaire based on the UNAIDS Model Questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale (5, strongly disagree; 4, disagree; 3, neutral; 2, agree; 1, strongly agree) was used as a survey tool. The survey included demographic data and data on undergraduate training received on HIV/AIDS. Statistical significance in the demographic data and training received by respondents was evaluated using the chi-square test while the independent Student's t-test was used for comparison of means between public and private universities. A P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant with 95% confidence interval. Our study revealed less than 20% of medical students received adequate training to care for PLHWA. They had prevalent negative beliefs regarding testing, confidentiality, disclosure and environment of care towards PLHWA although in giving care to PLHWA, their attitudes were largely positive and nondiscriminatory.
    Study site: 7 public and private universities in Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality/psychology
  14. Hussien HM, Yasin SM, Udzir NI, Ninggal MIH
    Sensors (Basel), 2021 Apr 02;21(7).
    PMID: 33918266 DOI: 10.3390/s21072462
    Blockchain technology provides a tremendous opportunity to transform current personal health record (PHR) systems into a decentralised network infrastructure. However, such technology possesses some drawbacks, such as issues in privacy and storage capacity. Given its transparency and decentralised features, medical data are visible to everyone on the network and are inappropriate for certain medical applications. By contrast, storing vast medical data, such as patient medical history, laboratory tests, X-rays, and MRIs, significantly affect the repository storage of blockchain. This study bridges the gap between PHRs and blockchain technology by offloading the vast medical data into the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) storage and establishing an enforced cryptographic authorisation and access control scheme for outsourced encrypted medical data. The access control scheme is constructed on the basis of the new lightweight cryptographic concept named smart contract-based attribute-based searchable encryption (SC-ABSE). This newly cryptographic primitive is developed by extending ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption (CP-ABE) and searchable symmetric encryption (SSE) and by leveraging the technology of smart contracts to achieve the following: (1) efficient and secure fine-grained access control of outsourced encrypted data, (2) confidentiality of data by eliminating trusted private key generators, and (3) multikeyword searchable mechanism. Based on decisional bilinear Diffie-Hellman hardness assumptions (DBDH) and discrete logarithm (DL) problems, the rigorous security indistinguishability analysis indicates that SC-ABSE is secure against the chosen-keyword attack (CKA) and keyword secrecy (KS) in the standard model. In addition, user collusion attacks are prevented, and the tamper-proof resistance of data is ensured. Furthermore, security validation is verified by simulating a formal verification scenario using Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications (AVISPA), thereby unveiling that SC-ABSE is resistant to man-in-the-middle (MIM) and replay attacks. The experimental analysis utilised real-world datasets to demonstrate the efficiency and utility of SC-ABSE in terms of computation overhead, storage cost and communication overhead. The proposed scheme is also designed and developed to evaluate throughput and latency transactions using a standard benchmark tool known as Caliper. Lastly, simulation results show that SC-ABSE has high throughput and low latency, with an ultimate increase in network life compared with traditional healthcare systems.
    Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality
  15. Zaidan AA, Zaidan BB, Kadhem Z, Larbani M, Lakulu MB, Hashim M
    J Med Syst, 2015 Feb;39(2):7.
    PMID: 25631841 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-015-0201-y
    This paper discusses the possibility of promoting public health and implementing educational health services using Facebook. We discuss the challenges and strengths of using such a platform as a tool for public health care systems from two different perspectives, namely, the view of IT developers and that of physicians. We present a new way of evaluating user interactivity in health care systems from tools provided by Facebook that measure statistical traffic in the Internet. Findings show that Facebook is a very promising tool in promoting e-health services in Web 2.0. Results from statistical traffic show that a Facebook page is more efficient than other pages in promoting public health.
    Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality
  16. Kamaludin H, Mahdin H, Abawajy JH
    PLoS One, 2018;13(3):e0193951.
    PMID: 29565982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193951
    Although Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is poised to displace barcodes, security vulnerabilities pose serious challenges for global adoption of the RFID technology. Specifically, RFID tags are prone to basic cloning and counterfeiting security attacks. A successful cloning of the RFID tags in many commercial applications can lead to many serious problems such as financial losses, brand damage, safety and health of the public. With many industries such as pharmaceutical and businesses deploying RFID technology with a variety of products, it is important to tackle RFID tag cloning problem and improve the resistance of the RFID systems. To this end, we propose an approach for detecting cloned RFID tags in RFID systems with high detection accuracy and minimal overhead thus overcoming practical challenges in existing approaches. The proposed approach is based on consistency of dual hash collisions and modified count-min sketch vector. We evaluated the proposed approach through extensive experiments and compared it with existing baseline approaches in terms of execution time and detection accuracy under varying RFID tag cloning ratio. The results of the experiments show that the proposed approach outperforms the baseline approaches in cloned RFID tag detection accuracy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality
  17. Safavi S, Shukur Z
    PLoS One, 2014;9(12):e114306.
    PMID: 25478915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114306
    Wearable health tech provides doctors with the ability to remotely supervise their patients' wellness. It also makes it much easier to authorize someone else to take appropriate actions to ensure the person's wellness than ever before. Information Technology may soon change the way medicine is practiced, improving the performance, while reducing the price of healthcare. We analyzed the secrecy demands of wearable devices, including Smartphone, smart watch and their computing techniques, that can soon change the way healthcare is provided. However, before this is adopted in practice, all devices must be equipped with sufficient privacy capabilities related to healthcare service. In this paper, we formulated a new improved conceptual framework for wearable healthcare systems. This framework consists of ten principles and nine checklists, capable of providing complete privacy protection package to wearable device owners. We constructed this framework based on the analysis of existing mobile technology, the results of which are combined with the existing security standards. The approach also incorporates the market share percentage level of every app and its respective OS. This framework is evaluated based on the stringent CIA and HIPAA principles for information security. This evaluation is followed by testing the capability to revoke rights of subjects to access objects and ability to determine the set of available permissions for a particular subject for all models Finally, as the last step, we examine the complexity of the required initial setup.
    Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality*
  18. Ong BB, Kaur S
    Malays J Pathol, 1997 Dec;19(2):111-4.
    PMID: 10879250
    The duty of confidentiality in the normal doctor-patient relationship is well recognized. However, the duty of confidentiality between the pathologist who performs the autopsy and the requesting authorities and the next-of-kin is not as clearly spelt out. This article discusses the problems faced by the pathologist with regards to hospital and medico-legal autopsies in Malaysia. A proposed ethical guideline is included on how to deal with peculiar issues regarding confidentiality and the pathologist.
    Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality*
  19. Wolffers I
    Lancet, 1996 Mar 02;347(9001):620.
    PMID: 8596348
    Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality*
  20. Sharmini S, Jamaiyah H, Jaya Purany SP
    Malays Fam Physician, 2010;5(1):13-8.
    PMID: 25606180 MyJurnal
    This survey set out to describe patient registries available in the country, to determine their security features, data confidentiality, extent of outputs produced and data quality of the registries.
    Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality
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