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Fulltext The use of dgDocSPACE in personal file management: a case study at Majlis Perbandaran Port Dickson (MPPD)

Rafidah Kamarudin, Azura Abd Jamil @ Kamarudzzaman, Albakri Mohammad, Norlis Osman, Zaidatulhusna Mohd Isnani

Jurnal Inovasi Malaysia, 2020;3(2):26-41.
MyJurnal

Hari Bertemu Pelanggan (HBP) is an essential event of the Port Dickson Municipal Council (MPPD) which is held twice a year for staff to review their Personal Files. The problem faced by the staff at the Human Resource Department (JPSM) MPPD is to handle staff Personal Files from the file room to the HBP location during the event. Risks such as loss and damage of Personal Files and the high cost in transferring staff Personal Files lead to the development of innovation known as dgDocSPACE. The implementation of the innovation has successfully reduced the operating cost, increased productivity, shortened time for reviewing Personal Files and increased customer satisfaction.

Matched MeSH terms: Consumer Behavior
Fulltext Analysis and Research on Audience Satisfaction of Performing Arts Projects in Tourist Scenic Spots Based on the ASCI Model and Big Data

Ding J, Yu L

J Environ Public Health, 2022;2022:5907900.
PMID: 35655950 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5907900

The development trend of tourism performance networking, although convenient for audience consumption, also makes the performance information present the development trend of big data. In the mass of information, how to accurately locate products and improve audience satisfaction is an urgent problem to be solved. In order to better explore the evaluation of tourism performance by the customer satisfaction evaluation model, analyze the development prospect of tourism in Jiangxi Province in the future, improve the customer satisfaction evaluation model with rough set, and propose a composite customer satisfaction evaluation model. By setting the adjustment value of the evaluation index, the model not only avoids the "false eigenvalue" of the satisfaction evaluation result but also simplifies the calculation process of the model and improves the accuracy, calculation efficiency, and single data processing capacity of the satisfaction evaluation. According to the MATLAB simulation results, the composite customer satisfaction evaluation model constructed in this study is better, the calculation accuracy is >97%, and the calculation time is 40 seconds, which are better than the original customer satisfaction evaluation model. Therefore, the composite customer satisfaction evaluation model can be applied to the evaluation of tourism performance products to provide data support for the evaluation price of audience satisfaction in Jiangxi Province.

Matched MeSH terms: Consumer Behavior
Fulltext How negative factors influence youth hostel stay aftermath COVID-19 pandemic

Gong Y, Gong Q, Yu J, Wong PPW, Wang L

Acta Psychol (Amst), 2024 Mar;243:104162.
PMID: 38280350 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104162

The bookings and revenues of youth hostels have significantly decreased because of the multiple effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is necessary to investigate young consumers' perceptions of visiting youth hostels aftermath this pandemic. The current study examines the relationship between multi-dimensions of perceived risk, three types of images, willingness to pay and visit intention. A convenience sampling was developed where 534 questionnaires were received, followed by subsequent empirical testing of the proposed hypotheses using SPSS and AMOS-SEM. Results showed that perceived risk negatively influenced cognitive and affective image, respectively. Cognitive and affective image positively influenced overall image and finally influenced willingness to pay and visit intention separately. In addition, cognitive image positively influenced affective image. The theoretical framework satisfactorily accounted for willingness to pay and intention, and our results help youth hostels practitioners invent efficient strategies to boost young consumers' willingness to pay and intention to visit youth hostels.

Matched MeSH terms: Consumer Behavior
Fulltext Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Validation of the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) into the Malay Language

Zun AB, Ibrahim MI, Mokhtar AM, Halim AS, Wan Mansor WNA

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2019 06 10;16(11).
PMID: 31185665 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16112054

BACKGROUND: Patient feedback is an important tool in assessing health system quality. The Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) was developed in 2006 as a standardized instrument to assess patient perceptions in the United States of America. This study aimed to translate and validate the HCAHPS questionnaire into the Malay language in order to assess patient perceptions of health services in Malaysia.
METHODS: The original HCAPHS in English was translated into Malay based on the established guideline. The content validation involved an expert panel of 10 members, including patients. The face validation pilot testing of the HCAHPS-Malay version was conducted among 10 discharged patients. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) used principal axis factor, and varimax rotation was established based on a cross-sectional study conducted among 200 discharged patients from Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (Hospital USM).
RESULTS: The overall content validity index was 0.87, and the universal face validity index was 0.82. From the EFA, the factor loading value ranged from 0.652 to 0.961 within nine domains. The internal consistency reliability with Cronbach's alpha was 0.844.
CONCLUSION: The HCAHPS-Malay is a reliable and valid tool to determine patients' perception of healthcare services among inpatients in Hospital USM based on the content and face validation result together with a good construct validity and excellent absolute reliability. Further testing on HCAHPS-Malay version in other settings in Malaysia needs to be done for cross-validation.

Matched MeSH terms: Consumer Behavior*
Fulltext Willingness among food consumers to recycle human urine as crop fertiliser: Evidence from a multinational survey

Simha P, Barton MA, Perez-Mercado LF, McConville JR, Lalander C, Magri ME, et al.

Sci Total Environ, 2021 Apr 15;765:144438.
PMID: 33418332 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144438

Source-separating sanitation systems offer the possibility of recycling nutrients present in wastewater as crop fertilisers. Thereby, they can reduce agriculture's impacts on global sources, sinks, and cycles for nitrogen and phosphorous, as well as their associated environmental costs. However, it has been broadly assumed that people would be reluctant to perform the new sanitation behaviours that are necessary for implementing such systems in practice. Yet, few studies have tried to systematically gather evidence in support of this assumption. To address this gap, we surveyed 3763 people at 20 universities in 16 countries using a standardised questionnaire. We identified and systematically assessed cross-cultural and country-level explanatory factors that were strongly associated with people's willingness to consume food grown using human urine as fertiliser. Overall, 68% of the respondents favoured recycling human urine, 59% stated a willingness to eat urine-fertilised food, and only 11% believed that urine posed health risks that could not be mitigated by treatment. Most people did not expect to pay less for urine-fertilised food, but only 15% were willing to pay a price premium. Consumer perceptions were found to differ greatly by country and the strongest predictive factors for acceptance overall were cognitive factors (perceptions of risks and benefits) and social norms. Increasing awareness and building trust among consumers about the effectiveness of new sanitation systems via cognitive and normative messaging can help increase acceptance. Based on our findings, we believe that in many countries, acceptance by food consumers will not be the major social barrier to closing the loop on human urine. That a potential market exists for urine-fertilised food, however, needs to be communicated to other stakeholders in the sanitation service chain.

Matched MeSH terms: Consumer Behavior
Fulltext The impact of a faculty development programme for health professions educators in sub-Saharan Africa: an archival study

Frantz JM, Bezuidenhout J, Burch VC, Mthembu S, Rowe M, Tan C, et al.

BMC Med Educ, 2015;15:28.
PMID: 25879491 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-015-0320-7

In 2008 the sub-Saharan FAIMER Regional Institute launched a faculty development programme aimed at enhancing the academic and research capacity of health professions educators working in sub-Saharan Africa. This two-year programme, a combination of residential and distance learning activities, focuses on developing the leadership, project management and programme evaluation skills of participants as well as teaching the key principles of health professions education-curriculum design, teaching and learning and assessment. Participants also gain first-hand research experience by designing and conducting an education innovation project in their home institutions. This study was conducted to determine the perceptions of participants regarding the personal and professional impact of the SAFRI programme.

Matched MeSH terms: Consumer Behavior
Fulltext Extension of planned behavioral theory to consumer behaviors in green hotel

Bashir S, Khwaja MG, Turi JA, Toheed H

Heliyon, 2019 Dec;5(12):e02974.
PMID: 31872131 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02974

This study aims to contribute to the development of an extended theory of planned behavior to understand the indicators of consumer behavior. A conceptual framework highlighting four study constructs (i.e., personal norms, intention towards green hotels, environmental consciousness, and green consumer behavior) was tested using 394 general Malaysian lodging consumers. The findings indicate that to devise green branding strategies for the hotels, the managers must first consider how the environmental consciousness of consumers positively affects their personal norms and behavior towards green hotels. Second, consumers' personal norms and behavioral intention towards environmentally responsible lodging positively affect their green behavior. Third, Personal norms mediates the significant positive relationship between; environmental consciousness and behavioral intention towards environmentally responsible lodging of a consumer; and environmental consciousness and green consumer behavior. Lastly, behavioral intention towards environmentally responsible lodging mediates the significant positive relationship between a consumer's personal norms and green consumer behavior.

Matched MeSH terms: Consumer Behavior
Fulltext Factors influencing consumption decision of fresh fruits from Malaysia: A case of foreign nationals in Malaysia

Suntharalingam, C., Terano, R.

International Food Research Journal, 2017;24(4):1437-1444.
MyJurnal

This study was carried out as a move to increase Malaysia’s fruit exports. The purpose of this
study was to identify factors that influence the consumption decision of foreign nationals in
Malaysia as move to understand their behavior and pattern in purchasing fresh fruits from
Malaysia. This study was carried out in Malaysia among foreign nationals and it was found
to be the first of its nature to be carried out in Malaysia. A total of eighty three respondents
participated in six focus group discussions. Data was analyzed via exploratory factor analysis
which is commonly used in examining consumer preferences and behavior. The three factors
identified in influencing the consumption decision of Malaysian fresh fruits among foreign
nationals were (1) price and fruit intrinsic attributes; (2) fruit physical aspects and uniqueness;
and (3) occasion, familiarity and user status.

Matched MeSH terms: Consumer Behavior
Fulltext Thermal Stability and Sensory Acceptance of Cupcakes Containing Red Palm Olein

Loganathan R, Tarmizi AHA, Vethakkan SR, Teng KT

J Oleo Sci, 2020 Jul 02;69(7):671-676.
PMID: 32522941 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess19253

The study was designed to evaluate the nutritive value, thermal stability and consumer acceptance of cupcakes baked with red palm olein compared to palm olein. Thermal stability was evaluated for acidity, peroxide, p-anisidine and total oxidation value (cumulative between peroxide and p-anisidine values), as well as fatty acid composition. The concentrations of phytonutrients including tocopherols and tocotrienols, alpha- and beta-carotene after baking were also determined. Acceptance of the cupcakes was assessed using a structured hedonic scale of five points by 29 panelists. As compared to initial test oil (red palm olein), acidity (red palm olein, 0.07±0.01% vs cupcakes containing red palm olein, 0.09±0.01%; P=0.0232), peroxide value (red palm olein, 0.33±0.05 meq O2 kg-1 vs cupcakes containing red palm olein 0.73±0.06 meq O2 kg-1; P=0.0011) and total oxidation value (red palm olein, 2.24±0.13 unit vs cupcakes containing red palm olein, 3.09±0.17 unit; P=0.0012) were found to be higher in cupcakes containing red palm olein, which is within the acceptable rancidity range (peroxide value < 7.5 meq O2 kg-1) for snack food category. No changes were found on oxidative parameters (acidity, peroxide, p-anisidine values and total oxidation value) in cupcakes containing palm olein. Cupcakes made with red palm olein retained nearly 100% of alpha- and beta-carotenes upon baking. Tocopherol homologues were stable in both comparisons, with 95% retention as compared to tocotrienol homologues (~85%). Cupcakes made from red palm olein received higher score (mean=3.29) in sensory evaluation as compared to cupcakes containing palm olein (mean=3.07). The study, therefore, encourages the inclusion of red palm olein in the formulation of bakery products.

Matched MeSH terms: Consumer Behavior*
Fulltext Time series analysis of factors affecting the demand for local rice in Malaysia

Chung, B. H., Tan, J. R.

International Food Research Journal, 2015;22(5):1870-1877.
MyJurnal

The own price, income and price of a substitute are the determinants of demand in the classical theory of consumer behavior. We used the theory to analyze the demand for local rice in Malaysia by using time series variables. We examined whether there is a long run relationship among the variables by using the unit root and cointegration tests. We then conducted the Granger causality, variance decomposition and impulse response function tests to examine their directions of causality as well as short term dynamics. The results show that there is a long run relationship among the variables and a unidirectional causality from price and income to demand. There are also lagged and short term dynamics among the variables.

Matched MeSH terms: Consumer Behavior
Fulltext Patterns of Use and Knowledge about Contact Lens Wear amongst Teenagers in Rural Areas in Malaysia

Mohd-Ali B, Tan XL

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2019 12 17;16(24).
PMID: 31861174 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16245161

BACKGROUND: Contact lenses (CLs) are more popular than spectacles for vision correction amongst the youth. Knowledge about the risks of wearing CLs is critical especially for those with poor access to public health education. This study investigates the patterns of use and level of knowledge about CL wear amongst teenagers living in rural areas in Selangor, Malaysia using a set of validated questionnaires.
METHODS: A total of 8500 self-administered questionnaires were distributed in eight selected secondary schools. The results were analysed using descriptive statistics.
RESULTS: A total of 2474 (29%) completed questionnaires were collected. The mean age of the respondents was 14.8 ± 1.5 years, and approximately 7.2% were CL wearers. The majority of the wearers were females (76.0%) and wore soft CLs (92.2%). Cosmetic purposes (58.1%) and comfort (24.6%) were the main reasons for wearing CLs. Many of the respondents purchased their lenses from optical shops (50.1%) and beauty accessory shops (15.6%), and approximately 10% did not disinfect their lenses properly. Regarding knowledge about CL care, approximately 56% of the respondents responded correctly.
CONCLUSION: Half of the respondents do not have sufficient knowledge about the risks of wearing CLs. Thus, aggressive public health education aimed at teenagers is needed to prevent improper CL usage.

Matched MeSH terms: Consumer Behavior
Fulltext The impact of luminance contrast on attention and memory

Yap SL, Tan XB, Tan CS

Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia, 2017;31:90-98.

Previous studies have found that luminance contrast may enhance attention and attention is positively correlated with memory. However, little attention has been given to understand the impact of luminance contrast on memory. The present study attempts to address this gap by examining the effect of luminance contrast on attention and memory. A total of 159 undergraduates were randomly assigned to three luminance contrast conditions (high vs. moderate vs. low) and were administered a modified d2 test and modified words memory test. Multivariate analysis of variance showed significant effect of luminance contrast on memory performance. Participants in the high and moderate luminance contrast groups recalled more words than counterparts in the low contrast group. However, the effect of luminance contrast on attention was not significant, though planned comparison found that high contrast group scored higher than low contrast group. The findings not only shed light on improvement of memory but also have implication for design and marketing and consumer behaviours study.

Matched MeSH terms: Consumer Behavior
Fulltext Food label reading and understanding among obese adults: a population study in Malaysia

Rashidah Ambak, Balkish Mahadir Naidu, Mohd Azahadi Omar, Nor Azian Mohd Zaki, Syafinaz Mohd Sallehuddin, Tahir Aris

Int J Public Health Res, 2014;4(2):449-456.
MyJurnal

Introduction Food labeling regulation has been implemented to enable consumers, including those with chronic diseases to make healthy informed choices before purchasing pre-packaged foods. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of obese adults in Malaysia who practice reading food labels. It explored types of labels read and understanding of the information.
Methods Findings presented in this study were captured from the secondary analysis of National Health and Morbidity Survey’s (NHMS, 2006) food label study which focused only on obese adults (BMI > 30 kg/m2) aged 18 and above. This nation-wide cross sectional study was conducted from April to August 2006 using an interview-based questionnaire. Complex data analysis was done using Stata version 12.0.
Results There were 4565 obese respondents with the mean age of 33 ± 9.7 (18-60 years old). About 54.7% completed high-school and 9.9% were higher degree
holders. Prevalence of obese adults who claimed to read label was 80.5% (95%CI: 79.3, 81.6). Findings showed significant results in reading and understanding labels among all age group categories, Malay, Indian and other Bumiputras, all education categories and married respondents. Expiry date was the highest percentage being read (74.5%), followed by fat content (15.3%), vitamin (11.8%) and carbohydrate (10.9%).
Conclusions The obese population in Malaysia claimed to read and understand the food label but did not focus on specific macronutrients related to their health
condition. Findings can be used to implement effective education programmes targeting the relevant groups to instill an awareness to read, understand and use the label information as one of the means in combating obesity.
Study name: National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS-2006)

Matched MeSH terms: Consumer Behavior
Fulltext Enhancing business intelligence by means of suggestive reviews

Qazi A, Raj RG, Tahir M, Cambria E, Syed KB

ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:879323.
PMID: 25054188 DOI: 10.1155/2014/879323

Appropriate identification and classification of online reviews to satisfy the needs of current and potential users pose a critical challenge for the business environment. This paper focuses on a specific kind of reviews: the suggestive type. Suggestions have a significant influence on both consumers' choices and designers' understanding and, hence, they are key for tasks such as brand positioning and social media marketing. The proposed approach consists of three main steps: (1) classify comparative and suggestive sentences; (2) categorize suggestive sentences into different types, either explicit or implicit locutions; (3) perform sentiment analysis on the classified reviews. A range of supervised machine learning approaches and feature sets are evaluated to tackle the problem of suggestive opinion mining. Experimental results for all three tasks are obtained on a dataset of mobile phone reviews and demonstrate that extending a bag-of-words representation with suggestive and comparative patterns is ideal for distinguishing suggestive sentences. In particular, it is observed that classifying suggestive sentences into implicit and explicit locutions works best when using a mixed sequential rule feature representation. Sentiment analysis achieves maximum performance when employing additional preprocessing in the form of negation handling and target masking, combined with sentiment lexicons.

Matched MeSH terms: Consumer Behavior
Structural modelling of food allergen knowledge, attitude and practices among consumers in Malaysia

Soon JM

Food Res Int, 2018 09;111:674-681.
PMID: 30007732 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.06.001

The aim of this study was to assess food allergen knowledge, attitude and self-reported practices among consumers in Malaysia. An online survey was conducted and data were analysed using descriptive statistics and exploratory factor analysis. A model linking food allergen knowledge and attitude and their direct effects on practices were confirmed using structural equation modelling (SEM). Consumers demonstrated moderate food allergen knowledge in this study but scored highly in their attitude towards food allergens. Although participants scored moderately in food allergen knowledge, this does not necessarily translate into practices. There is a possibility that an increase in food allergen knowledge can increase optimistic bias or a sense of over-confidence to manage allergen risks. Consumers' attitude towards food allergens has a positive and significant influence on practices. A positive attitude represents personal beliefs and reflects the level of motivation and care required to manage food allergens effectively. There was insignificant relationship between food allergen knowledge and attitude. This demonstrates a need to tailor targeted risk communication and learning strategies to influence consumers' practices.

Matched MeSH terms: Consumer Behavior*
Consumers' Awareness and Trust Toward Food Safety News on Social Media in Malaysia

Soon JM

J Food Prot, 2020 Mar 01;83(3):452-459.
PMID: 32065648 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-19-415

ABSTRACT: Social media offers numerous advantages for personal users and organizations to communicate, socialize, and market their products. When used correctly, social media is an effective tool to communicate and to share food safety news and good practices. However, there have been reports of fake food safety news shared via social media, fueling panic and resulting in a loss of revenue. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the consumers' awareness, trust, and usage of social media in communicating food safety news in Malaysia. A questionnaire divided into five sections-(i) demographics, (ii) reaction to food safety news, (iii) consumers' awareness, (iv) social media truth and level of trust, and (v) social media uses and content creation-was created and shared online. A total of 341 questionnaires were returned of which 339 surveys were valid. This study revealed that less than one-third of the study group (27.1%) knew which of the food safety news were fake. Most respondents (67.8%) were less likely to purchase the affected foods if the foods were featured in social media as problematic, although no differences were made between true and fake news and how that would influence respondents' willingness to purchase affected foods. Overall, 62% of the respondents agreed or strongly agreed about the usage of social media and its ability to prevent food poisoning cases, while more than 50% of the respondents were in total agreement that social media allow consumers to act more responsibly by sharing food safety news. Respondents tended to trust information shared by scientists (67.5%) and family members and friends (33%). Respondents would most often share the news after verifying its authenticity (46%). If respondents experienced a personal food safety issue (e.g., discovered a fly in their meal), they seldom or never took photos to post online (56.1%). It is possible that the respondents preferred to inform the food handlers and/or shop owners about the affected products rather than post the photos online. It is suggested that targeted food safety information and media literacy be provided to improve consumers' awareness and to positively influence self-verification of the food safety information before sharing. This study provides crucial insights for a range of stakeholders, particularly public authorities, food bloggers, and the public, in using social media effectively to build consumers' awareness and trust in food safety information.

Matched MeSH terms: Consumer Behavior
Fulltext Exploring Sources of Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction in Airbnb Accommodation Using Unsupervised and Supervised Topic Modeling

Ding K, Choo WC, Ng KY, Ng SI, Song P

Front Psychol, 2021;12:659481.
PMID: 33967922 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.659481

This study aims to examine key attributes affecting Airbnb users' satisfaction and dissatisfaction through the analysis of online reviews. A corpus that comprises 59,766 Airbnb reviews form 27,980 listings located in 12 different cities is analyzed by using both Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) and supervised LDA (sLDA) approach. Unlike previous LDA based Airbnb studies, this study examines positive and negative Airbnb reviews separately, and results reveal the heterogeneity of satisfaction and dissatisfaction attributes in Airbnb accommodation. In particular, the emergence of the topic "guest conflicts" in this study leads to a new direction in future sharing economy accommodation research, which is to study the interactions of different guests in a highly shared environment. The results of topic distribution analysis show that in different types of Airbnb properties, Airbnb users attach different importance to the same service attributes. The topic correlation analysis reveals that home like experience and help from the host are associated with Airbnb users' revisit intention. We determine attributes that have the strongest predictive power to Airbnb users' satisfaction and dissatisfaction through the sLDA analysis, which provides valuable managerial insights into priority setting when developing strategies to increase Airbnb users' satisfaction. Methodologically, this study contributes by illustrating how to employ novel approaches to transform social media data into useful knowledge about customer satisfaction, and the findings can provide valuable managerial implications for Airbnb practitioners.

Matched MeSH terms: Consumer Behavior
Fulltext Measuring customer satisfaction on the cleanliness of food premises using fuzzy conjoint analysis: A pilot test

Lim SY, Harun UB, Gobil AR, Mustafa NA, Zahid NA, Amin-Nordin S, et al.

PLoS One, 2021;16(9):e0256896.
PMID: 34469489 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256896

Determining the level of customer satisfaction in cleanliness regarding a product or service is a significant aspect of businesses. However, the availability of feedback tools for consumers to evaluate the cleanliness of a restaurant is a crucial issue as several aspects of cleanliness need to be evaluated collectively. To overcome this issue, this study designed a survey instrument based on the standard form used for grading the food premises and transformed it into a seven Likert scale questionnaire and consists of seven questions. This study employed fuzzy conjoint analysis to measure the level of satisfaction in cleanliness in food premises. This pilot study recruited 30 students in Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Seremban 3. The student's perception was represented by the scores calculated based on their degree of similarities and corresponding levels of satisfaction, whereby, only scores with the highest degree of similarity were selected. Furthermore, this study identified the aspects of hygiene that assessed based on the customers' satisfaction upon visiting the premises. The results indicated that the fuzzy conjoint analysis produced a similar outcome as the statistical mean, thus, was useful for the evaluation of customer satisfaction on the cleanliness of food premises.

Matched MeSH terms: Consumer Behavior/statistics & numerical data*
Fulltext EEG based evaluation of stereoscopic 3D displays for viewer discomfort

Malik AS, Khairuddin RN, Amin HU, Smith ML, Kamel N, Abdullah JM, et al.

Biomed Eng Online, 2015;14:21.
PMID: 25886584 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-015-0006-8

Consumer preference is rapidly changing from 2D to 3D movies due to the sensational effects of 3D scenes, like those in Avatar and The Hobbit. Two 3D viewing technologies are available: active shutter glasses and passive polarized glasses. However, there are consistent reports of discomfort while viewing in 3D mode where the discomfort may refer to dizziness, headaches, nausea or simply not being able to see in 3D continuously.

Matched MeSH terms: Consumer Behavior*
Edible lipids modification processes: A review

Kadhum AA, Shamma MN

Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 2017 Jan 02;57(1):48-58.
PMID: 26048727

Lipid is the general name given to fats and oils, which are the basic components of cooking oils, shortening, ghee, margarine, and other edible fats. The chosen term depends on the physical state at ambient temperature; fats are solids and oils are liquids. The chemical properties of the lipids, including degree of saturation, fatty acid chain length, and acylglycerol molecule composition are the basic determinants of physical characteristics such as melting point, cloud point, solid fat content, and thermal behavior. This review will discuss the major lipid modification strategies, hydrogenation, and chemical and enzymatic interesterification, describing the catalysts used mechanisms, kinetics, and impacts on the health-related properties of the final products. Enzymatic interesterification will be emphasized as method that produces a final product with good taste, zero trans fatty acids, and a low number of calories, requires less contact with chemicals, and is cost efficient.

Matched MeSH terms: Consumer Behavior

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