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Fulltext Factors associated with pregnancy among unmarried women in Malaysia

Zain NM, Low WY, Othman S

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2015 May;46(3):526-38.
PMID: 26521527

Pregnancy among unmarried women may have negative social and health implications in Malaysia. The number of pregnancies among unmarried women has increased in Malaysia, but the socio-demographic profile of these women is unclear. This study aims to evaluate the characteristics of unmarried pregnant women and the factors associated with unmarried pregnancies among young women in Malaysia. We conducted a cross sectional study at six hospitals and six women's shelters in Peninsular Malaysia during 2011-2012. Unmarried pregnant women were compared with married pregnant women. Participants were interviewed using a structured questionnaire asking for socio-demographic data, family background, risky sexual behavior, social support and pregnancy details. A total of 484 women (239 unmarried and 245 married) were included in the study. Most unmarried subjects were adolescents, from urban areas, from a low socioeconomic group, and lived with parents prior to pregnancy. Age (OR=0.67; 95% CI: 0.61-0.74), studying status (OR=17.33; 95% CI: 2.65-113.19), alcohol use (OR=40.46; 95% CI: 2.51-652.38) exposure to pornographic material (OR=13.48; 95% CI: 3.24-56.01), contraceptive use (OR=0.20; 95% CI: 0.08-0.51), and social support (OR=0.90; 95% CI: 0.86-0.94) were all associated with unmarried pregnancy. These factors need to be considered when.designing an intervention program.

Matched MeSH terms: Contraceptive Agents/therapeutic use*
Effect of the oral contraceptive pill on protein S and antithrombin-III levels in Malaysian women

Wong KK, Ng SC, Koong PL

Med Sci Res, 1992 Jun;20(12):439-40.
PMID: 12288974
Matched MeSH terms: Contraceptive Agents; Contraceptive Agents, Female
Levonorgestrel IUS use in Islamic Malaysia

Wong CY

Br J Fam Plann, 2000 Apr;26(2):117.
PMID: 10896464
Matched MeSH terms: Contraceptive Agents, Female*
Management of bleeding irregularities among etonogestrel implant users: Is combined oral contraceptives pills or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs the better option?

Upawi SN, Ahmad MF, Abu MA, Ahmad S

J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 2020 Mar;46(3):479-484.
PMID: 31958877 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14195

AIM: This study is to evaluate whether unacceptable bleeding among the etonogestrel implant user could be better alleviated using combined oral contraceptive pills (COCP) or nonsteroidal anti-inflammation drugs (NSAID).
METHODS: This is a prospective randomized study for evaluation of 84 etonogestrel implant (Implanon) users with prolonged or frequent bleeding. They were assigned to either receiving a COCP containing 20 mcg ethinyl estradiol/150 mg desogestrel for two continuous cycle or NSAID; mefenamic acid 500 mg TDS for 5 days, 21 days apart for two cycles. Bleeding pattern during the treatment was recorded and analyzed.
RESULTS: A total of 32 women (76.2%) in COCP group and 15 women (35.7%) in NSAID group stop bleeding within 7 days after the initiation of treatment which was statistically significant (P

Matched MeSH terms: Contraceptive Agents, Female/therapeutic use*
Fulltext Factors associated with ever used of modern contraception among married men attending a primary healthcare clinic

Syahnaz MH, Rasina Nilofer JK, Azmawati MW, Harlina Halizah S

Med J Malaysia, 2018 10;73(5):301-306.
PMID: 30350809 MyJurnal

BACKGROUND: The practice of modern contraceptives still remains a sceptical issue in the society and dormant due to increasing objection of husbands who play a significant role in the family planning practice.
OBJECTIVES: This study was done to determine the factors affecting the ever use of modern contraceptive methods among married men visiting a healthcare clinic in Malaysia.
MATERIAL AND METHOD: A cross sectional study of 443 men aged over 18 years was conducted using convenient sampling from January 2016 till March 2016 at a primary care clinic. A self-administered questionnaire assessing sociodemographic characteristic, attitude towards family planning, spousal communication and ever used of modern contraceptive methods was used.
RESULTS: The proportion of ever used modern contraception was 48% (n=192). Multiple logistic regression revealed that spousal communication on family planning (Adjusted OR 15.8; 95% CI 7.0 - 35.6) and attitude towards marital relationship (Adjusted OR 1.1; CI 1.0 - 1.1) were significant predictors for ever used of modern contraception among married men.
CONCLUSION: The proportion of ever used modern contraception is still not high. Men who communicated with their spouse on modern contraception and perceived family planning as means to preserve their marital relationship were more likely to practice modern contraceptive method.
Study site: Klinik Kesihatan, Selangor, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Contraceptive Agents
Fulltext Male participation and sharing of responsibility in strengthening family planning activities in Malaysia

Rosliza, A.M., Majdah, M.

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2010;10(1):23-27.
MyJurnal

Family planning is one of the main pillars of safe motherhood initiatives. It is therefore a very crucial area that needs continuous strengthening and improvement in order to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality which will ultimately improve the general condition of women. Findings from the Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Death (CEMD) Malaysia Report 2001 - 2005 revealed that up to 70% of the maternal deaths never practiced any form of family planning. The contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) in Malaysia for the year 2004 was 51.7% compared to Thailand, Vietnam and Singapore which was 79%, 74% and 74% respectively. One neglected area that has never been emphasized seriously in the family planning programme in Malaysia is male participation, gender awareness and sharing of responsibility by both partners. In realizing this, efforts have been made to include men as target groups in the national family planning programme. This paper will highlight the importance of optimum gender relations and sharing of responsibility with special emphasis towards the role of husbands and male medical personnel in the effort to improve family planning activities. It will also discuss the efforts put by the Ministry of Health in order to create gender awareness and encourage male participation in family planning.

Matched MeSH terms: Contraceptive Agents
Fulltext Coagulation profile in women on low-dose oral contraceptive pills

Roshidah I, Khalid H, Baharum Y

Malays J Reprod Health, 1990 Dec;8(2):97-100.
PMID: 12343152

A cross-sectional study looking at the coagulation system was carried out involving 175 women attending the National Population and Family Development Board's Clinic at the Maternity Clinic, General Hospital, Kuala Lumpur. Study subjects comprise of 50 combined low-dose estrogen/progestrogen oral contraceptive (DC) pill users and 75 non-DC users, acting as controls. The subjects were on the pill for a period of one year or more. There were significant shortening of the prothrombin time (PT) and partial thromboplastin time (PIT) in the DC group as compared to the control group. However, the activities of factors II, Vand VIII assayed were not significantly different between the two groups, suggesting that the changes in the PT and PIT were not significant clinically. The effect of long term usage of combined 10w..cJose DC pills does not seem to indicate changes in the coagulation profile of the women in our study.
PIP: The effect of low dose combined oral contraceptives containing 30 mcg ethinyl estradiol and either 150 mcg levonorgestrel or 150 mcg desogestrel on coagulation indices in Malaysian women was examined. 50 women who had been using the pills for 1 year or more, were compared to 75 non-users. All were attending the Maternity Clinic of the General Hospital, Kuala Lumpur. Pill users registered shorter prothrombin time, 11.5 vs. 11.1 seconds (p=0.016), and partial thromboplastin time, 40.1 vs 35.1 seconds (p=0.000). Since there were no significant differences in Factors II, V, VII, or VIII, the overall effects of low-dose pills on coagulation is probably not clinically significant.

Matched MeSH terms: Contraceptive Agents; Contraceptive Agents, Female
Fulltext Unmet needs for contraception in married women in a tribal area of India

Patil SS, Abdul Rashid K, Narayan KA

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2010;10(2):44-51.
MyJurnal

Background and Objectives: Unmet need for contraception is the gap between women's reproductive intentions and their contraceptive behavior. This community based interventional study was carried out to determine the unmet needs for contraception, the reasons for this and to assess the impact of interventional measures on acceptance of contraception.
Subjects and Methods: This study was conducted in 52 villages in the state of Maharashtra, India, among 363 married women selected by cluster sampling. Data was collected using an interview guide. An intervention was done for the women who had an unmet need and an assessment of the change was done subsequently. Data was analyzed by using SPSS.
Results The prevalence of contraceptive usage was 59.2% and the prevalence of unmet need for contraception was 44% (160). The unmet need for spacing births was 53.8%, 38.7% for limiting births and 7.5% women were dissatisfied with the current contraceptive method. The reasons ranged from side effects to contraceptives to source of obtaining contraceptives. Age of the respondents, education and number of living children showed statistically significant association with unmet needs. Post intervention, the contraceptive prevalence rate increased significantly 85.7% and there was a significant reduction in the unmet needs for spacing and limiting births, equally there was a significant reduction of dissatisfaction with using contraception.
Conclusion: Improvement in the use of contraception and addressing the unmet need for contraception requires community involvement and ongoing, sustained efforts by health workers to ensure quality care to the beneficiaries.

Matched MeSH terms: Contraceptive Agents
Fulltext Contraception: herbal and modern strategies

Nurul Ain, K.B., Mahanem, M.N., Irfan, Y.

Medicine & Health, 2018;13(2):20-35.
MyJurnal

Population explosion is one of the global issues of concern. The increasing number of individuals could result in negative impact on social and economy. To overcome this problem, convenient and safe modern contraception was introduced. However, recently many researchers have conducted studies on the effectiveness of medicinal plants as contraceptive agents on human and animal models. Therefore, the studies of herbal and modern contraceptives were summarized in this review article. A total of 66 relevant articles were documented having information regarding the modern and herbal contraceptives. All contraceptives are highly effective provided they are used consistently and in the proper way. Contraception is important as it could prevent diseases and infections caused by sexual intercourse and prevent unintended pregnancy. Therefore, this review is an attempt to summarize the potential of medicinal plants as contraceptive agents and the modern contraceptive methods used as birth control in males and females.

Matched MeSH terms: Contraceptive Agents
Fulltext Sociodemographic profile, contraceptive practice and awareness of HIV infection among unmarried postpartum women in a tertiary centre in Malaysia

Mustafa KB, Ibrahim Nb, Noraziana AW, Ayu AS, Suhaiza A, Awang M

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2014;13(2):41-47.
MyJurnal

Introduction: To describe the sociodemographic profile, contraceptive practice, and awareness of HIV infection among unmarried post partum women in the biggest government hospital in Pahang.
Methods: A cross sectional questionnaire-proforma-based study was conducted for one year duration from August 2010 until July 2011 by identifying and recruiting all the unmarried women upon admission for delivery. Basic information were obtained from the use of patients’ case notes, and further related and necessary information were obtained from a direct face-to-face interview based on a proforma.
Results: A total of 121 unmarried women were identified and recruited. The age ranged from 13 to 36 years with a mean age of 21.6 years. 31.4% were teenagers. Only 16% of patients have tertiary education, and 2.5% never had any formal education. About one third of the women were smokers or ex-smokers, 7.5% had consumed alcohol, but none denied ever use of any recreational drugs. Almost 9% has prior history of being sexually assaulted. About three quarter of the women never used any contraceptive method. Majority of the patients (85.1%) were aware of HIV transmission risk; 75% never had any antenatal checkup or booked at late gestation (> 20 weeks); and 45.8% were not aware of any support groups for single mothers. Conclusion: Single unmarried women are associated with disadvantaged sociodemographic profile.
Contraceptive practice was also very low despite significant awareness towards risk of HIV infection. Further follow up, support and care should be offered to these women.

Matched MeSH terms: Contraceptive Agents
Fulltext The effects of subdermal hormonal contraceptive implant on health indices. A preliminary report

Murad, A.Z., Mokhtar, A., Sudesan, R., Lee, S.F., Ghazali, I.

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2007;6(2):1-16.
MyJurnal

Subdermal etonogestrel implant (Implanon®) is the newest, long term contraceptive implant which has recently been made available to Malaysian women. This prospective study was conducted to determine the effects on selected health indices among 42 women who had consented to Implanon® as their choice of contraception. Health indices were checked prior to Implanon® insertion and six months post insertion. Findings indicate a significant reduction in total cholesterol with a significant increase in total haemoglobin and BMI. However there was no significant change noted in the fasting blood sugar, glycosylated haemoglobin, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure.

Matched MeSH terms: Contraceptive Agents
Fulltext Improving IUCD usage among reproductive women with Diabetes Mellitus in Health Clinics of Perlis

Muhammad Ridzwan Rafi’i

Q Bulletin, 2019;1(28):26-34.
MyJurnal

Pregnant women with diabetes mellitus pose an increased risk of maternal and infant morbidity and mortality. In Perlis, for the year of 2016, only 3 (0.3%) out of 1,114 reproductive women with diabetes mellitus were using an intrauterine device (IUCD) as their main contraceptive measure. This project aims to improve the usage of IUCD to 10% among reproductive women with diabetes mellitus in nine health clinics of Perlis.
A retrospective contraception card review was undertaken to determine the baseline in providing IUCD services. Two sets of validated questionnaires were distributed to patients and healthcare providers in the pre and post-remedial period.
Customised training sessions were organised for both doctors and nurses’ group. A quick reference for IUCD was developed to guide the healthcare providers during counselling sessions. The Model of Good Care (MOGC) was integrated into the Maternal and Child Health State Plan of Action 2016 to ease the supervision of quality improvement.
Of the 244 diabetic women who had undergone counselling, 44 (18%) agreed to use IUCD and 38 (16%) of them inserted the IUCD within two weeks. Our project was able to increase the usage of IUCD among diabetic women in nine Perlis health clinics from 3 (0.3%) to 38 (3.4%) within six months. There was a gap reduction in achievable but not achieved (ABNA) from 9.7% to 6.6%. [ABNA = Achievable benefit not achieved]
Low usage of IUCD among diabetic women is a challenging issue and patient refusal to use IUCD, lack of husband support and comfortable with the previous contraception method were among the main contributing factors. However, providing continuous awareness and new process of effort in promoting the usage of IUCD among diabetic women do improve the uptake of the approach

Matched MeSH terms: Contraceptive Agents
Fulltext Prescription contraception use: a cross-sectional population study of psychosocial determinants

Molloy GJ, Sweeney LA, Byrne M, Hughes CM, Ingham R, Morgan K, et al.

BMJ Open, 2015 Aug 12;5(8):e007794.
PMID: 26270944 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-007794

OBJECTIVE: Many forms of contraception are available on prescription only for example, the oral contraceptive pill (OCP) and long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs). In this analysis we aim to identify key determinants of prescription contraceptive use.
DESIGN: Cross-sectional population survey. Data on sociodemographic indices, concerns about the OCP and perceived barriers to access were collected.
SETTING: Data set constructed from a representative population-based telephone survey of community dwelling adults in the Republic of Ireland (RoI)
PARTICIPANTS: 1515 women aged between 18 and 45 years
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Self-reported user of the OCP or LARCs (intrauterine contraception, contraceptive injections or subdermal contraceptive implants) in the previous 12 months.
RESULTS: For at least some of the previous year, 35% had used the OCP and 14% had used LARCs, while 3% had used two or more of these methods. OCP users were significantly younger, more likely to be unmarried and had higher income than non-users. Overall, 68% agreed with the statement 'that taking a break from long-term use of the contraceptive pill is a good idea' and 37% agreed with the statement that 'the OCP has dangerous side effects' and this was the strongest predictor variable of non-use of the OCP. Intrauterine contraception users were significantly older, more likely to be married and had lower income than non-users. Injections or subdermal contraceptive implant users were significantly younger, less likely to be married, had lower income and were less likely to agree that taking a break from long-term use of the pill is a good idea than non-users.
CONCLUSIONS: Prescription contraceptive use is sociodemographically patterned, with LARCs in particular being associated with lower incomes in the RoI. Concerns about the safety of the OCP remain prevalent and are important and modifiable determinants of contraceptive-related behaviour.

Matched MeSH terms: Contraceptive Agents, Female*
Fulltext Prevalence and associated factors of contraceptive discontinuation and switching among Bangladeshi married women of reproductive age

Mahumud RA, Hossain MG, Sarker AR, Islam MN, Hossain MR, Saw A, et al.

Open Access J Contracept, 2015;6:13-19.
PMID: 29386920 DOI: 10.2147/OAJC.S76070

Introduction: Contraceptive discontinuation is a worldwide incident that may be connected with low incentive to avoid pregnancy. Contraceptive discontinuation highly contributes to unplanned pregnancy and unwanted births.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to observe the prevalence of discontinuation and switching of contraceptive methods among Bangladeshi married women. In addition, the sociodemographic factors associated with contraceptive discontinuation and switching were assessed.

Methods: Secondary cross-sectional data was used in this study. A total of 16,273 married Bangladeshi women of reproductive age (15-49 years) were considered in the present study, from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey, 2011. Logistic regression models were used to determine the relationships between key sociodemographic factors and user status.

Results: The prevalence of discontinuation and switching of contraceptive method among women were 38.4% and 15.4%, respectively. The logistic regression model demonstrated that women in early reproductive years (25-29 years and 30-34 years) significantly more often (odds ratio [OR] =0.84 and 0.71, respectively) discontinued use of contraceptives. Significantly higher rates of discontinuation were pronounced among women who used the pill (OR =0.72) and injectable contraception users (OR =0.60), had small family size (OR =0.49), lived in a rural community (OR =1.65), and who were less educated (OR =1.55).

Conclusion: Contraceptive discontinuation may reflect an association among less education, currently married, and smaller family size. Awareness of contraceptive methods can decrease the burden of unplanned pregnancies and thus progresses the family planning program.

Matched MeSH terms: Contraceptive Agents
TRENDS IN EDUCATION IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY: A FORUM

MACAFEE CH, MCKELVEY JL, CHESTERMAN JN, MEARES SD, BROWNE AD

Med J Malaysia, 1963 Jun;17:244-52.
PMID: 14060501
Matched MeSH terms: Contraceptive Agents*
Fulltext Patient perception of pre-pregnancy care and family planning among reproductive-age female diabetes mellitus patients in a primary care clinic in Penang, Malaysia

Leow SN, Tang WS, Pararajasingam RP, Ee WS

Malays Fam Physician, 2020;15(3):35-42.
PMID: 33329861

Introduction: Pre-pregnancy care (PPC) is an important part of diabetic care among females in the reproductive age group, as it improves feto-maternal outcomes.

Objective: We aimed to assess female diabetic patients' perception of PPC and family planning prior to PPC care.

Methods: This was an observational, cross-sectional survey performed from June 2019 to September 2019, using universal sampling of registered female diabetic patients who fit the inclusion criteria prior to integrated PPC care. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess patients' perception of PPC.

Results: A total of 67 patients were recruited for the study. Only 39.4% (n=26) of the patients had heard of PPC. In our study, Code 1 contraception included those methods with a Pearl index of ≤9. Code 2 & 3 contraception included those methods with a Pearl index of >9. Only one-third of patients, 29.9% (n=20), were using Code 1 contraception, although the majority, 79.1% (n=53), felt that they had completed their family. 45 patients (68.2%) felt that they were at risk of developing complications if they were to become pregnant, and 46 patients (69.7%) felt that their health condition was not suitable for another pregnancy. However, only 31.1% (n=14) and 34.8% (n=16) of these patients were using Code 1 contraception, respectively. There were 30 patients (65.2%) who perceived that their health was not suitable for another pregnancy but were only using Code 2 or 3 contraception.

Conclusion: The patients' perception of PPC was poor. Patients had an inadequate knowledge of the effectiveness of their current contraceptive practice in relation to their intentions for further pregnancy and their self-perceived risk in case of future conception. We suggest that integration of PPC into routine follow-ups for other high-risk medical diseases, such as hypertension, heart disease, and epilepsy, be considered in future practice.

Matched MeSH terms: Contraceptive Agents
Utilization of Private Sector Family Planning Services in Malaysia

Lai SL, Tey NP, Mahmud A, Ismail N

Int Q Community Health Educ, 2021 Jul;41(4):395-403.
PMID: 33167794 DOI: 10.1177/0272684X20972864

BACKGROUND: The private sector is playing an increasingly important role in family planning services globally. The active participation of private providers is associated with a higher contraceptive prevalence rate.
OBJECTIVES: To examine the differentials and determinants of the utilization of private providers for family planning services.
METHOD: This study used the 2014 Malaysian Population and Family Survey data. Cross-tabulations and logistic regression were performed on 1,817 current users of modern methods.
RESULTS: Overall, 26% of modern method users obtained their supplies from private clinics/pharmacies and 15.2% from other sources, such as drug stores and sundry shops. The odds of utilizing the private sector for family planning services differ significantly across regions and socio-economic groups. The odds of obtaining supply from the private clinics/pharmacies were higher among the Chinese and urban women (AOR > 1), and it was lower among those from the eastern region (AOR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.30-0.73). Non-Bumiputera, urban, higher educated, and working women, and those whose husbands decided on family planning had higher odds of obtaining the supply from the other sources (AOR > 1).
CONCLUSION: The private sector complements and supplements the public sector in providing family planning services to the public.

Matched MeSH terms: Contraceptive Agents/supply & distribution*
Contraceptive use in Cambodia: does household decision-making power matter?

Lai SL, Tey NP

Cult Health Sex, 2020 07;22(7):778-793.
PMID: 32037969 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2019.1685683

In Cambodia, the growth of family planning services and socio-economic development have resulted in a spectacular rise in contraceptive prevalence rate and an equally remarkable reduction in contraceptive use differentials. With rising educational levels and increased participation in the modern labour market, Cambodian women are playing an increasingly pivotal role in household decision-making. This study used data from three rounds of Cambodia Demographic and Health Surveys to elucidate trends and patterns of contraceptive use. It then examined the determinants of contraceptive use through the use of logistic regression. The central hypothesis to be tested was whether or not women's involvement in household decision-making affected contraceptive use. Multivariate analysis showed that apart from the number of living children, women's work status and education of both men and women had a more significant impact on contraceptive use, as compared to women's power in household decision-making. More effort is needed to empower women in all aspects in order to reduce the socio-economic differentials in contraceptive use and improve their reproductive health, in line with the goal of the global agenda of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) to leave no one behind.

Matched MeSH terms: Contraceptive Agents*
East Asia Review, 1973. To sum up

Keeny SM

Stud Fam Plann, 1974 May;5(5):174-6.
PMID: 4828075 DOI: 10.2307/1965310

PIP: Observations are made related to the review of family planning activities in East Asia in 1973. The number of new acceptors for the region increased from 2.7 million in 1972 to 3.4 million in 1973. The leaders were Indonesia, which almost doubled its achievement of calendar year 1972, the Philippines, and Korea. In Thailand, the number of new acceptors dropped by about 10%. South Vietnam is the only country in the region without an official policy. Most couples still think that the ideal number of children is 4, with at least 2 sons. Some religious opposition does exist, particularly with reference to sterlization and abortion. More attention is being paid to women in their 20s. Sterilization and condoms are becoming more popular. Korea reports a sharp increase in vasectomies. Better methods and continuation rates should be stressed. In Taiwan a couple who start with 1 method and continue to practice some method lower their reproduction rate by 80%. More responsibility is being delegated to nurses and midwives, but too slowly. In Indonesia, the number of field workers rose from 3774 in 1972 to 6275 in 1973. The Philippines and Thailand are experimenting to see what kind of workers get best results and under what kind of salary and incentive arrangements. In-service training tends to be neglected, but preservice training is improving. Costs, in general, have risen, though in Korea the cost per acceptor has dropped from US$8.00 to US$7.80. Korea and Taiwan have reduced their annual population growth rates by more than 1/3 in 10 years, from 30 to 19-20 per 1000 each. Singapore's rate is 17 and Hong Kong's 14 (exclusive of inmigration). The number of couples currently practicing contraception in Singapore is 71%. Target systems assigning quotas to clinics are generally used except in Thailand and Malaysia, where programs emphasize maternal and child health, rather than population planning. Most programs require about 10 years to get the annual growth rate down to 2% by voluntary family planning. To get it down to 1.5% will probably take another 10 years.

Matched MeSH terms: Contraceptive Agents
Fulltext Socioeconomic Correlates of Contraceptive Use among the Ethnic Tribal Women of Bangladesh: Does Sex Preference Matter?

Kamal SM, Hassan CH

J Family Reprod Health, 2013 Jun;7(2):73-86.
PMID: 24971107

Objective: To examine the relationship between socioeconomic factors affecting contraceptive use among tribal women of Bangladesh with focusing on son preference over daughter.
Materials and methods: The study used data gathered through a cross sectional survey on four tribal communities resided in the Rangamati Hill District of the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh. A multistage random sampling procedure was applied to collect data from 865 currently married women of whom 806 women were currently married, non-pregnant and had at least one living child, which are the basis of this study. The information was recorded in a pre-structured questionnaire. Simple cross tabulation, chi-square tests and logistic regression analyses were performed to analyzing data.
Results: The contraceptive prevalence rate among the study tribal women was 73%. The multivariate analyses yielded quantitatively important and reliable estimates of likelihood of contraceptive use. Findings revealed that after controlling for other variables, the likelihood of contraceptive use was found not to be significant among women with at least one son than those who had only daughters, indicating no preference of son over daughter. Multivariate logistic regression analysis suggests that home visitations by family planning workers, tribal identity, place of residence, husband's education, and type of family, television ownership, electricity connection in the household and number of times married are important determinants of any contraceptive method use among the tribal women.
Conclusion. The contraceptive use rate among the disadvantaged tribal women was more than that of the national level. Door-step delivery services of modern methods should be reached and available targeting the poor and remote zones.
Keywords: Bangladesh, Contraceptive use, Ethnic tribal women, Sex preference, Logistic regression

Matched MeSH terms: Contraceptive Agents

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