Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 43 in total

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  1. Management of bleeding irregularities among etonogestrel implant users: Is combined oral contraceptives pills or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs the better option?
    Upawi SN, Ahmad MF, Abu MA, Ahmad S
    J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 2020 Mar;46(3):479-484.
    PMID: 31958877 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14195
    AIM: This study is to evaluate whether unacceptable bleeding among the etonogestrel implant user could be better alleviated using combined oral contraceptive pills (COCP) or nonsteroidal anti-inflammation drugs (NSAID).

    METHODS: This is a prospective randomized study for evaluation of 84 etonogestrel implant (Implanon) users with prolonged or frequent bleeding. They were assigned to either receiving a COCP containing 20 mcg ethinyl estradiol/150 mg desogestrel for two continuous cycle or NSAID; mefenamic acid 500 mg TDS for 5 days, 21 days apart for two cycles. Bleeding pattern during the treatment was recorded and analyzed.

    RESULTS: A total of 32 women (76.2%) in COCP group and 15 women (35.7%) in NSAID group stop bleeding within 7 days after the initiation of treatment which was statistically significant (P 

    Matched MeSH terms: Contraceptive Agents, Female/therapeutic use*
  2. Fulltext Factors associated with pregnancy among unmarried women in Malaysia
    Zain NM, Low WY, Othman S
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2015 May;46(3):526-38.
    PMID: 26521527
    Pregnancy among unmarried women may have negative social and health implications in Malaysia. The number of pregnancies among unmarried women has increased in Malaysia, but the socio-demographic profile of these women is unclear. This study aims to evaluate the characteristics of unmarried pregnant women and the factors associated with unmarried pregnancies among young women in Malaysia. We conducted a cross sectional study at six hospitals and six women's shelters in Peninsular Malaysia during 2011-2012. Unmarried pregnant women were compared with married pregnant women. Participants were interviewed using a structured questionnaire asking for socio-demographic data, family background, risky sexual behavior, social support and pregnancy details. A total of 484 women (239 unmarried and 245 married) were included in the study. Most unmarried subjects were adolescents, from urban areas, from a low socioeconomic group, and lived with parents prior to pregnancy. Age (OR=0.67; 95% CI: 0.61-0.74), studying status (OR=17.33; 95% CI: 2.65-113.19), alcohol use (OR=40.46; 95% CI: 2.51-652.38) exposure to pornographic material (OR=13.48; 95% CI: 3.24-56.01), contraceptive use (OR=0.20; 95% CI: 0.08-0.51), and social support (OR=0.90; 95% CI: 0.86-0.94) were all associated with unmarried pregnancy. These factors need to be considered when.designing an intervention program.
    Matched MeSH terms: Contraceptive Agents/therapeutic use*
  3. A field study of Depo-Provera: its use as a contraceptive method by women in a rural town in West Malaysia from February 1968 to December 1969
    Hew Wai Sin, Peng JY, Dato Ariffin Marzuki
    Med J Malaysia, 1973 Jun;27(4):299-305.
    PMID: 4270790
    PIP: To determine the acceptability, practicability, and popularity of Depo-Provera as an additional contraceptive method to be offered by the National Family Planning Board NFPB of Malaysia, 550 patients of Sungai Besar, Malaysia, who accepted the Depo-Provera injection method from the start of the injection program, February 23, 1968, until the cutoff date of December 31, 1969, were studied. At the cutoff date, 318 (58%) were still receiving regular injections at 3-month intervals. The remaining 232 women discontinued use of the injection. Of those who discontinued use, 176 (32%) were interviewed, while the other 56 women were lost to follow-up, due mainly to migration. Assuming that 1 injection would protect a woman from getting pregnant for a 3-month period, the retention rates at the end of 12 and 24 months were 63% and 41%. These continuation rates were fairly high and were as good as those for the oral pill, which is the main contraceptive method provided since the beginning of the operational service program of the NFPB in May 1967. Except for a small number of Indian women with a high rate of discontinuation there was not much difference in continuing the method between the Malays (60%) and the Chinese (56%). The younger age group of women seemed to have a higher proportion of discontinuation. The findings showed that amenorrhea (35%)most bothered the women who discontinued the injection method. Irregular bleeding (20%) and other medical side effects (11%) were the other main complaints that caused women to discontinue using the injection as a contraceptive method. It was concluded that Depo-Provera (150 mg) injected once every 3 months appears to be simple, acceptable, popular, and effective as a contraceptive method among women in a rural town in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Contraceptive Agents/administration & dosage*
  4. TRENDS IN EDUCATION IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY: A FORUM
    MACAFEE CH, MCKELVEY JL, CHESTERMAN JN, MEARES SD, BROWNE AD
    Med J Malaysia, 1963 Jun;17:244-52.
    PMID: 14060501
    Matched MeSH terms: Contraceptive Agents*
  5. Fulltext Factors associated with ever used of modern contraception among married men attending a primary healthcare clinic
    Syahnaz MH, Rasina Nilofer JK, Azmawati MW, Harlina Halizah S
    Med J Malaysia, 2018 10;73(5):301-306.
    PMID: 30350809 MyJurnal
    BACKGROUND: The practice of modern contraceptives still remains a sceptical issue in the society and dormant due to increasing objection of husbands who play a significant role in the family planning practice.
    OBJECTIVES: This study was done to determine the factors affecting the ever use of modern contraceptive methods among married men visiting a healthcare clinic in Malaysia.
    MATERIAL AND METHOD: A cross sectional study of 443 men aged over 18 years was conducted using convenient sampling from January 2016 till March 2016 at a primary care clinic. A self-administered questionnaire assessing sociodemographic characteristic, attitude towards family planning, spousal communication and ever used of modern contraceptive methods was used.
    RESULTS: The proportion of ever used modern contraception was 48% (n=192). Multiple logistic regression revealed that spousal communication on family planning (Adjusted OR 15.8; 95% CI 7.0 - 35.6) and attitude towards marital relationship (Adjusted OR 1.1; CI 1.0 - 1.1) were significant predictors for ever used of modern contraception among married men.
    CONCLUSION: The proportion of ever used modern contraception is still not high. Men who communicated with their spouse on modern contraception and perceived family planning as means to preserve their marital relationship were more likely to practice modern contraceptive method.
    Study site: Klinik Kesihatan, Selangor, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Contraceptive Agents
  6. Fulltext Effects of an indigenous contraceptive herbal formulation on gonadotrophs of the pituitary gland of the rat
    Islam MN, Sulaiman SA, Kapitonova MY, Jamallullail SM
    Malays J Med Sci, 2007 Jan;14(1):23-7.
    PMID: 22593648
    An indigenous contraceptive herbal formulation consisting of a mixture of Lepidagathis longifolia, Palaquium sp and Phyllagathis rotundifolia is being used by the Temuan Aborigins of Malaysia. Although the previous studies demonstrated that this contraceptive herbal formulation causes anovulatory estrous cycle, altered circulating hormone levels and fetal resorption in rats, but the effects of this formulation on the gonadotrphs of the pituitary gland are yet to be evaluated. The present study was designed to observe the morphometric changes of the gonadotrophs and the plasma concentrations of follicle stimulating hormone and leutinizing hormone. Thirty five Sprague-Dawley adult female rats were randomly divided into 5 groups. Experimental animals were given a combined herbal extract or individual herbal extract at a dose of 540 mg/kg/day subcutaneously for 7 days. Immunostained gonadotrophs were studied by using image analyzer. FSH and LH serum concentrations were determined using RIA. The FSH and LH concentrations were low in animals that received combined herbal extract (p<0.01). FSH concentration was noted to be significantly low in animals that received P. rotundifolia (p<0.05). The mean cell area and cell density of gonadotrophs of animals that received combined herbal extract were significantly low compared to control group (p<0.05). It was concluded that the herbal extracts do suppress the production of gonaotrophins along with the demonstrable suppresive effect on the FSH cells.
    Matched MeSH terms: Contraceptive Agents
  7. Levonorgestrel IUS use in Islamic Malaysia
    Wong CY
    Br J Fam Plann, 2000 Apr;26(2):117.
    PMID: 10896464
    Matched MeSH terms: Contraceptive Agents, Female*
  8. East Asia Review, 1973. To sum up
    Keeny SM
    Stud Fam Plann, 1974 May;5(5):174-6.
    PMID: 4828075 DOI: 10.2307/1965310
    PIP: Observations are made related to the review of family planning activities in East Asia in 1973. The number of new acceptors for the region increased from 2.7 million in 1972 to 3.4 million in 1973. The leaders were Indonesia, which almost doubled its achievement of calendar year 1972, the Philippines, and Korea. In Thailand, the number of new acceptors dropped by about 10%. South Vietnam is the only country in the region without an official policy. Most couples still think that the ideal number of children is 4, with at least 2 sons. Some religious opposition does exist, particularly with reference to sterlization and abortion. More attention is being paid to women in their 20s. Sterilization and condoms are becoming more popular. Korea reports a sharp increase in vasectomies. Better methods and continuation rates should be stressed. In Taiwan a couple who start with 1 method and continue to practice some method lower their reproduction rate by 80%. More responsibility is being delegated to nurses and midwives, but too slowly. In Indonesia, the number of field workers rose from 3774 in 1972 to 6275 in 1973. The Philippines and Thailand are experimenting to see what kind of workers get best results and under what kind of salary and incentive arrangements. In-service training tends to be neglected, but preservice training is improving. Costs, in general, have risen, though in Korea the cost per acceptor has dropped from US$8.00 to US$7.80. Korea and Taiwan have reduced their annual population growth rates by more than 1/3 in 10 years, from 30 to 19-20 per 1000 each. Singapore's rate is 17 and Hong Kong's 14 (exclusive of inmigration). The number of couples currently practicing contraception in Singapore is 71%. Target systems assigning quotas to clinics are generally used except in Thailand and Malaysia, where programs emphasize maternal and child health, rather than population planning. Most programs require about 10 years to get the annual growth rate down to 2% by voluntary family planning. To get it down to 1.5% will probably take another 10 years.
    Matched MeSH terms: Contraceptive Agents
  9. Family planning programs: world review 1974. East Asia. Malaysia
    Stud Fam Plann, 1975 Aug;6(8):221-47.
    PMID: 1202673 DOI: 10.2307/1964956
    Matched MeSH terms: Contraceptive Agents
  10. Fulltext Improving IUCD usage among reproductive women with Diabetes Mellitus in Health Clinics of Perlis
    Muhammad Ridzwan Rafi’i
    Q Bulletin, 2019;1(28):26-34.
    MyJurnal
    Pregnant women with diabetes mellitus pose an increased risk of maternal and infant morbidity and mortality. In Perlis, for the year of 2016, only 3 (0.3%) out of 1,114 reproductive women with diabetes mellitus were using an intrauterine device (IUCD) as their main contraceptive measure. This project aims to improve the usage of IUCD to 10% among reproductive women with diabetes mellitus in nine health clinics of Perlis.
    A retrospective contraception card review was undertaken to determine the baseline in providing IUCD services. Two sets of validated questionnaires were distributed to patients and healthcare providers in the pre and post-remedial period.
    Customised training sessions were organised for both doctors and nurses’ group. A quick reference for IUCD was developed to guide the healthcare providers during counselling sessions. The Model of Good Care (MOGC) was integrated into the Maternal and Child Health State Plan of Action 2016 to ease the supervision of quality improvement.
    Of the 244 diabetic women who had undergone counselling, 44 (18%) agreed to use IUCD and 38 (16%) of them inserted the IUCD within two weeks. Our project was able to increase the usage of IUCD among diabetic women in nine Perlis health clinics from 3 (0.3%) to 38 (3.4%) within six months. There was a gap reduction in achievable but not achieved (ABNA) from 9.7% to 6.6%. [ABNA = Achievable benefit not achieved]
    Low usage of IUCD among diabetic women is a challenging issue and patient refusal to use IUCD, lack of husband support and comfortable with the previous contraception method were among the main contributing factors. However, providing continuous awareness and new process of effort in promoting the usage of IUCD among diabetic women do improve the uptake of the approach
    Matched MeSH terms: Contraceptive Agents
  11. Fulltext Prevalence and associated factors of contraceptive discontinuation and switching among Bangladeshi married women of reproductive age
    Mahumud RA, Hossain MG, Sarker AR, Islam MN, Hossain MR, Saw A, et al.
    Open Access J Contracept, 2015;6:13-19.
    PMID: 29386920 DOI: 10.2147/OAJC.S76070
    Introduction: Contraceptive discontinuation is a worldwide incident that may be connected with low incentive to avoid pregnancy. Contraceptive discontinuation highly contributes to unplanned pregnancy and unwanted births.

    Objectives: The objective of this study was to observe the prevalence of discontinuation and switching of contraceptive methods among Bangladeshi married women. In addition, the sociodemographic factors associated with contraceptive discontinuation and switching were assessed.

    Methods: Secondary cross-sectional data was used in this study. A total of 16,273 married Bangladeshi women of reproductive age (15-49 years) were considered in the present study, from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey, 2011. Logistic regression models were used to determine the relationships between key sociodemographic factors and user status.

    Results: The prevalence of discontinuation and switching of contraceptive method among women were 38.4% and 15.4%, respectively. The logistic regression model demonstrated that women in early reproductive years (25-29 years and 30-34 years) significantly more often (odds ratio [OR] =0.84 and 0.71, respectively) discontinued use of contraceptives. Significantly higher rates of discontinuation were pronounced among women who used the pill (OR =0.72) and injectable contraception users (OR =0.60), had small family size (OR =0.49), lived in a rural community (OR =1.65), and who were less educated (OR =1.55).

    Conclusion: Contraceptive discontinuation may reflect an association among less education, currently married, and smaller family size. Awareness of contraceptive methods can decrease the burden of unplanned pregnancies and thus progresses the family planning program.
    Matched MeSH terms: Contraceptive Agents
  12. Three IFRP studies investigate breast-feeding and contraception
    Netw Res Triangle Park N C, 1981 Apr;2(3):1-2.
    PMID: 12281266
    PIP:
    The International Fertility Research Program is carrying out several studies focused on breastfeeding's contraceptive protection. A longitudinal study is investigating the relationship between breastfeeding and the return of ovulation and fertility after childbirth. The impact of factors such as the early introduction of supplementary foods, resumption of menses, and sexual practices on the return of ovulation will be analyzed. The study, which will be conducted at 4 geographic sites, will include a total of 100 women who are breastfeeding and a control group of 40 nonlactating mothers. Its ultimate goal will be to determine the optimum time for breastfeeding women with different cultural needs to start using contraceptives. A second study will seek to determine whether progestogen-only oral contraceptives (OCs) have advantages for lactating women. Trials in India, Malaysia, Argentina, and Egypt will compare 1000 lactating women who use progestogen-only OCs with an equal number of women who use nonhormonal contraception in terms of contraceptive acceptance and side effects and infant weight gain. The third study will survey breastfeeding patterns in relation to changing child spacing trends in a sample of 4000 women from Lagos, Nigeria. Analyzed will be the proportions of women who are using a modern method of fertility control, the proportions protected from unwanted pregnancy by the traditional practices of prolonged breastfeeding and sexual abstinence, and determinants of recent changes in the prevalence and duration of breastfeeding.
    Matched MeSH terms: Contraceptive Agents; Contraceptive Agents, Female*
  13. Fulltext Contraception: herbal and modern strategies
    Nurul Ain, K.B., Mahanem, M.N., Irfan, Y.
    Medicine & Health, 2018;13(2):20-35.
    MyJurnal
    Population explosion is one of the global issues of concern. The increasing number of individuals could result in negative impact on social and economy. To overcome this problem, convenient and safe modern contraception was introduced. However, recently many researchers have conducted studies on the effectiveness of medicinal plants as contraceptive agents on human and animal models. Therefore, the studies of herbal and modern contraceptives were summarized in this review article. A total of 66 relevant articles were documented having information regarding the modern and herbal contraceptives. All contraceptives are highly effective provided they are used consistently and in the proper way. Contraception is important as it could prevent diseases and infections caused by sexual intercourse and prevent unintended pregnancy. Therefore, this review is an attempt to summarize the potential of medicinal plants as contraceptive agents and the modern contraceptive methods used as birth control in males and females.
    Matched MeSH terms: Contraceptive Agents
  14. Effect of the oral contraceptive pill on protein S and antithrombin-III levels in Malaysian women
    Wong KK, Ng SC, Koong PL
    Med Sci Res, 1992 Jun;20(12):439-40.
    PMID: 12288974
    Matched MeSH terms: Contraceptive Agents; Contraceptive Agents, Female
  15. A comparative study of Loestrin versus Nordette in Kelantan, West Malaysia
    Arshat H
    Malays J Reprod Health, 1984 Jun;2(1):25-31.
    PMID: 12267518
    Matched MeSH terms: Contraceptive Agents; Contraceptive Agents, Female*
  16. Pregnancy after contraceptive use
    Ang Eng Suan, Arshat H
    Malays J Reprod Health, 1986 Jun;4(1):6-11.
    PMID: 12268570
    PIP: The initial results of a study conducted to develop guidelines for the clinical management of family planning acceptors with regard to return of fertility following contraceptive use, are presented. 193 parous women attending an urban family planning clinic were interviewed regarding their last pregnancy conceived after stopping a method of contraception. The average interval to pregnancy was 3.9, 2.8 and 1.8 months for ex-users of oral pills, intrauterine devices and conventional methods of contraception, respectively, with median delays to conception of 1.9, 1 and within the 1st month for the 3 categories. In comparison, 149 women who had not used any method at all took 7.3 months before becoming pregnant. Selected variables including age and parity, duration of use and problems encountered, and outcome of pregnancy are further analysed. Follow-up investigations and treatment are recommended 12 months after stopping oral pills and 6 months after removal of intrauterine device for those who have not yet conceived.
    Matched MeSH terms: Contraceptive Agents; Contraceptive Agents, Female*
  17. Hemorrheology and fibrinolytic response in women taking oral contraceptive pills
    Ishak R, Hassan K, Arshat H
    Malays J Reprod Health, 1987 Dec;5(2):57-60.
    PMID: 12315184
    Matched MeSH terms: Contraceptive Agents; Contraceptive Agents, Female*
  18. A prospective study of the acceptability of Today vaginal contraceptive sponge among Malaysian women
    Ismail MT, Halim AJ, Arshat H
    Malays J Reprod Health, 1987 Jun;5(1):17-21.
    PMID: 12269177
    Matched MeSH terms: Contraceptive Agents
  19. Study of rigevidon for oral contraception in a family planning clinic in Kota Bahru, Kelantan
    Ang Eng Suan, Karim HA
    Malays J Reprod Health, 1990 Jun;8(1):31-7.
    PMID: 12316342
    Matched MeSH terms: Contraceptive Agents; Contraceptive Agents, Female
  20. A study of the acceptability and effectiveness of Norplant (R) contraceptive implants in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Arshat H, Rachagan SP, Kwa Siew Kim, Ang Eng Suan, Karim HA, Ismail MT
    Malays J Reprod Health, 1990 Jun;8(1):21-9.
    PMID: 12316341
    Matched MeSH terms: Contraceptive Agents; Contraceptive Agents, Female
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