Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 412 in total

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  1. al-Khfaji, I.N., Fakhrildin, M.B., Al-Ani, I.M., Mangalo, H.H., Al-Obaidi, S.R.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of lead on concentration and motility of spermatozoa recovered from epididymis and testes in mature male offspring whose mothers were exposed to different doses and concentrations of lead acetate during gestation period. Materials and Methods: Seventy two healthy mature female mice were divided into three major groups according to the number of injections involving 1, 2 and 3 injections. Each major group was subdivided into four minor groups according to the concentration dose of (0, 25, 50 and 100) mg/Kg of lead acetate. Sperm concentration, percentage of motility and grade of activity were microscopically examined and statistically analyzed. Results: A significant reduction in the sperm functions were seen in relation to an increased in the number of injections and/or concentration of lead acetate dose as compared with the control groups. Conclusion: The toxic effects of lead acetate may interfere with spermatogenesis and metabolism of spermatozoa.
    Matched MeSH terms: Control Groups
  2. Zulfakar MH, Porter RM, Heard CM
    FEBS Open Bio, 2016 08;6(8):827-34.
    PMID: 27516961 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12095
    Psoriasis is an incurable autoimmune disease characterized by patches of abnormal red, itchy and scaly skin. This work examined the modulation of inflammation, hyperproliferation and immune cell markers following topical application of fish oil (FO) in comparison to the antipsoriatic agents, betamethasone dipropionate (BD) and salicylic acid (SA), to GsdmA3(Dfl)/+ mice, a hair loss mutant which also exhibits epidermal hyperproliferation akin to psoriasis. The mice were dosed with 100 mg of the test formulation and after 10 days, the mice were sacrificed, skin sections excised and subjected to immunohistochemical determination of COX-2, K17 and MAC-1; and immunofluorescence of Ki-67. Unchanged expression of the proinflammatory enzyme COX-2 was observed in all treatments, suggesting the noninvolvement of COX-2 in the aetiology of cutaneous aberration seen in GsdmA3(Dfl)/+ mice. Intense staining of K17 and MAC-1 in the FO-treated group mirrored the epidermal thickening seen observed in live mice by optical coherence tomography (OCT). The ratio of Ki-67-positive nuclei per 100 basal cells indicated that hyperproliferation of keratinocytes occurred in FO-treated mice and the opposite was true for BD-treated mice. There was a positive correlation (R (2) 0.995) between Ki-67 and the epidermal thickness data observed previously. In all immunochemical procedures, the combined BD, SA and FO formulation did not show any significant difference with the control group, reflecting observations seen previously. In conclusion, the epidermal changes observed following topical FO treatment on GsdmA3(Dfl)/+ mice involves an increase in cellular proliferation and macrophages, although COX-2 does not appear to play an important role.
    Matched MeSH terms: Control Groups
  3. Zhou K, He S, Zhou Y, Popeska B, Kuan G, Chen L, et al.
    PMID: 33401384 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010272
    This study aimed to examine the effects of three-months of classroom-based Brain Breaks Physical Activity Solution (Brain Breaks®) on attitudes toward physical activity levels of primary school children in Henan Province, China. The participants were 704 children enrolled in grades 3-5 who were randomly assigned to either an experimental or a control group. The experimental group participated in Brain Breaks® video intervention for 3-5 min daily, at low-to-moderate intensity for three consecutive months. The control group resumed their normal routine. The children's attitudes in both groups towards physical activity (PA) were evaluated using the self-reported Attitudes toward Physical Activity Scale (APAS), before and after the intervention. The effects of the intervention on APAS scores were analyzed using mixed model analysis of variance with Time as within-subject, and Group as between-subject factors. The analysis revealed evidence in support of the positive effect of classroom video interventions such as Brain Break on children's attitudes toward importance, fun, and trying to do their personal best in physical activity. Also revealed was the important role the teacher plays in this process.
    Matched MeSH terms: Control Groups
  4. Zhang J, Lakshmipriya T, Gopinath SCB
    ACS Omega, 2020 Oct 13;5(40):25899-25905.
    PMID: 33073115 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03260
    The primary reasons for myocardial infarction (MI) are pericarditis, arrhythmia, and heart failure, causing predominant deaths worldwide. Patients need a potential diagnostic system and treatment before cardiomyocyte damage. Cardiac biomarkers are released from myocytes immediately after a heart attack. Troponin is an efficient biomarker released from dead cells within a few hours. Aptamers are artificial antibodies used effectively in the biosensor field for biomarker detection. Along with aptamers, the application of nanomaterials is also expected to enhance the detection limits of biosensors. In this investigation, selected aptamers against cardiac troponin I (cTnI) were conjugated with gold nanoparticles (GNPs) to diagnose MI and compared with an aptamer-only control group on an interdigitated electrode surface. Based on electroanalysis, cTnI was detected at concentrations as low as 1 fM, and the detection limit improved to 100 aM when the aptamer was conjugated with GNP. In addition, aptamer-GNP conjugates increased the current level at the tested concentrations of cTnI. Control experiments with noncomplementary aptamers and relevant proteins did not result in notable changes in the current, demonstrating the selective detection of cTnI.
    Matched MeSH terms: Control Groups
  5. Zariyantey Abdul Hamid, Zaliha Harun, Syarif Husin Lubis, Nihayah Mohamed, Ismarulyusda Ishak, Hidayatul Fathi Othman, et al.
    MyJurnal
    Health awareness promotion among farming communities are important for a sustainable agriculture activities. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess health status among farming communities in Cameron Highlands, Pahang (n = 61) and Bachok and Pasir Puteh, Kelantan (n = 143). Mobile Health Screening Programme composed of assessment of blood glucose, blood cholesterol, haemoglobin, blood pressure, pterygium, lung function and nerve conductive velocity was utilized. Our results indicate that the percentage of Cameron Highland’s farmers with hyperglycaemia, systolic hypertension, diastolic hypertension and anaemia were 8.2%, 14.8%, 11.5% and 8.2%, respectively. However, higher percentage of farmers in Bachok and Pasir Puteh, Kelantan with hyperglycaemia (32.8%), hypercholesterolaemia (83%), anaemia (24.2%) and systolic hypertension (41.9%) were observed. Pterygium was positive for 88.6% of farmers in Cameron Highlands and 94.4% in Bachok and Pasir Puteh. Lung function test shows that 61.7% and 11.4% of farmers in Cameron Highlands had restrictive and obstructive lung, respectively. In Bachok and Pasir Puteh, a total of 19.8%, 55.5% and 23.9% of farmers were found to have obstructive, restrictive and combined obstructive and restrictive lung, respectively. Current Perception Threshold (CPT) value which indicate nerve conductive velocity were significantly increased (p < 0.05) among Cameron Highland’s farmers for both median and peroneal nerve at all frequencies (5 Hz, 250 Hz and 2000 Hz). In Bachok and Pasir Puteh, the values of the CPT for median nerve was significantly increased (p < 0.05) for all frequencies (5, 250 and 2000 Hz). Meanwhile, a signifi cant increased (p < 0.05) was observed for the CPT values for peroneal nerve at the frequencies of 250 and 2000 Hz as compared to control groups. In conclusion, analysis revealed different health problem among the studied farming communities which could be influenced by the differences in farming practices. Thus, employed Mobile Health Screening Programme offers a monitoring approach that could highlight the need for suitable health services and awareness programmes for different farming communities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Control Groups
  6. Zangeneh FZ, Bagheri M, Shoushtari MS, Naghizadeh MM
    J Recept Signal Transduct Res, 2021 Jun;41(3):263-272.
    PMID: 32878560 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2020.1806320
    OBJECTIVE: Alpha and beta-adrenoceptors (ADR-α1, 2, and β2) play a regulatory role in the folliculogenesis and steroidogenesis in the ovarian follicles. This study aimed to measure these adrenoceptors mRNA and its protein levels in cumulus cells (CCs) culture of poor ovarian reserve (POR) and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) infertile women (IVF candidate) and the effect of clonidine treatment at CCs culture.

    METHODS: This case/control study was conducted in 2017 includes a control (donation oocytes) and two studies (PCO and POR) groups. The ovulation induction drugs were prescribed in all groups. After the oocyte puncture, the follicular fluid was collected and CCs were isolated were cultured. RNA was extracted and cDNA was synthesized and designed the primer for the ADR-α1, 2 and ADR-β2 gene expression. The protein levels were investigated by Western Blot.

    RESULTS: The results showed a high level of three adrenergic expressions in PCO women compared to the control group (p-value control group and clonidine treatment had no effect.

    CONCLUSION: The significant increase of three adrenoceptors gene expression and protein levels in CCs culture indicate to the hyperactivity of the ovarian sympathetic nervous system at the receptor levels in women with PCOS, and clonidine confirmed it by reducing this expression. In POR women, the reduction of ADR-α1, 2 expressions maybe lead to the aging process in the ovary.

    Matched MeSH terms: Control Groups
  7. Zangeneh FZ, Shoushtari MS, Shojaee S, Aboutorabi E
    Int J Reprod Biomed, 2020 Mar;18(3):165-174.
    PMID: 32309765 DOI: 10.18502/ijrm.v18i3.6712
    Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial and heterogeneous disease that has a potent inheritable component based on familial clustering. Despite many studies in the genetic field of PCOS, the genes that are involved in the causes of this syndrome have not been thoroughly investigated.

    Objective: The purpose of this study was to establish the occurrence of the Trp64Arg polymorphism of beta3 adrenergic receptor in non-obese women with PCOS.

    Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 100 women with PCOS and normal women as the control group in Imam Khomeini Hospital of Tehran in 2016-2017. Peripheral blood sample (2 cc) was obtained from two groups for genomic DNA based on the gene bank. Polymorphisms were genotyped by of using ADRB3 Trp64Arg. Then the DNA was extracted by genomic kiagen kit. The primer was analyzed for PCR based on gene bank by using Primer3 software and then confirmed by primer Blast tool at NCBI site to conformity to the beta-3 adrenergic receptor gene. The protein changes were assessment by the Clastal W software.

    Results: The sequence analysis presented in NCBI, transcript variant 1, with the code NM_000025.2, shows changes in the amino acid sequence of exon 1 in women with PCOS. Polymorphism in the codon 64 encoding the amino acid tryptophan (W) occurred in the nucleotide c.T190C, which changed the nucleotide T to C and then the amino acid sequence of the tryptophan was altered to arginine pW64R.

    Conclusion: T-C polymorphism is evident in the codon 64 of the adrenergic β3 receptor in patients with PCOS. Therefore, Beta3 adrenergic receptor gene polymorphism (Thr164Ile) associates with this syndrome in nonobese women.

    Matched MeSH terms: Control Groups
  8. Zalina Abu Zaid, Jackson, Kathryn, Mirnalini Kandiah, Cobiac, Lynne
    Malays J Nutr, 2016;22(1):65-80.
    MyJurnal
    Malnutrition is common among patients with cancer and it is also associated with their negative health outcomes. Generally, cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy have a high risk of malnutrition, secondary to both the disease and the treatment. It is important that patients maintain a good nutritional status to improve the effects, and minimise the side effects of cancer treatment. A good nutritional status should be maintained for patients through nutritional intervention during cancer treatment. There appears to be no published studies on the effects of intense dietary counselling versus usual dietary care on the nutritional status of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients undergoing chemotherapy alone. Furthermore, there have been no randomised controlled trials (RC1) undertaken in Malaysia, where CRC is increasing. It is therefore important to undertake a RCT of a dietary and lifestyle counselling intervention of CRC outpatients undergoing chemotherapy.
    Methods: The intervention study was an open (masking not used), prospective, and Rcr to examine the effects of intensive individualised dietary and lifestyle counselling on dietary intake and nutritional status in CRC patients undergoing chemotherapy. It was designed as an 8-week program of intensive, individualised dietary and lifestyle counselling followed up with another 8-week post-intervention period without dietary and lifestyle counselling, and compared to a control arm given the usual care. A total of forty-two participants took part in this study and were randomised into two groups, namely, the intervention group (IG) (n=22) and the control group(CG) (n=20) at Kuala Lumpur Hospital and SelayangHospital, Malaysia.
    Results: In this study, 67% of CRC patients were malnourished at baseline. In the IQ the prevalence of malnutrition dropped from 72.7% at baseline to 27.3% eight weeks after the intervention. This repesents a large, and clinically meaningful shift. In the CG, the prevalence of malnutrition, or at risk of malnutrition, was still at 75% at the end of the sixteen weeks.
    Conclusion: Intensive, individualised dietary and lifestyle counselling resulted in improved nutritional status in patients with CRC undergoing chemotherapy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Control Groups
  9. Zaleha MI, Osman A, Iskandar ZA, Sazali S, Ali MM, Roslan I, et al.
    Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 1998 Jun;7(2):138-50.
    PMID: 24393641
    In order to study the effect of levothyroxine in the treatment of endemic goitre, a longitudinal study was conducted among the Aborigines in Lanai Post and Sinderut Post, situated in an iodine-deficient area located in the district of Kuala Lipis, Pahang. All subjects in the treatment group (Lanai Post) were given 100 µg of levothyroxine per day and were followed for 1 1/2 years. A total of 311 subjects were examined at baseline, 323 on the first, 256 on the second, 239 on the third and 184 on the fourth visit following levothyroxine supplementation. Goitre prevalence, thyroid hormones, thyroid volume, nutritional status, urinary iodine levels, arterial blood pressure and mental performance were determined. Following the intervention, goitre prevalence was significantly reduced in the treatment group (baseline 42.8% vs final visit 13.0%, p<0.0001); however, no significant difference was noted in the control group. Total T4 levels were increased in the treatment group (p<0.0001), while a significant reduction was noted in the control group (p<0.0001). Thyroid-stimulating hormone levels increased significantly in the treatment group following 1 year of intervention, while no significant changes were observed in the control group. As for the thyroid volume, both groups showed a significant increment following the intervention (p<0.0001). With respect to the nutritional status, the treatment group showed a significant increase in body weight following the intervention (p<0.05). In addition, the mid-arm circumference and body mass index also increased after 1 year of intervention. However, the control group showed a reduction in the waist-hip ratio (p<0.0001). Although there was no statistical difference in the waist-hip ratio in the treatment group, there has been a significant reduction observed after 1 year of intervention. At 1 year, a reduction in skinfold thickness was noted in the treatment group while only the triceps and subscapular were increased in the control group. The body fat was decreased in the treatment group following 1 year of intervention (p<0.0001). No particular trend was noted in the urinary iodine excretion in the treatment group, but surprisingly, the levels were increased in the control group (p<0.0001). A significant increase in both systolic and diastolic blood pressures was observed in the treatment group following 1 year of intervention, but the controls showed a reduction in the systolic blood pressure (p<0.0001). Both groups showed a remarkable increase in mental performance, with a more pronounced effect in the treatment group (p<0.05). The correction of iodine deficiency by levothyroxine supplementation has a short-term beneficial effect in reducing the prevalence of goitre and improving the mental ability among the Aborigines in endemic areas; however, proper monitoring and close supervision are needed to maintain compliance.
    Matched MeSH terms: Control Groups
  10. Zakaria Z, Zainal Abidin ZF, Gan SH, Wan Abdul Hamid WZ, Mohamed M
    J Taibah Univ Med Sci, 2018 Dec;13(6):535-540.
    PMID: 31435374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2018.04.013
    Objectives: In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of honey supplementation on the safety profiles of postmenopausal breast cancer patients.

    Methods: Seventy-two postmenopausal women with stage I, II, or III breast cancer from the Oncology Clinic, Universiti Sains Malaysia Hospital were treated with anastrozole (1 mg/day). Patients were randomly assigned to one of the two groups (n = 36/group): a control group (no honey) and a honey group (20 g/day of honey for 12 weeks). Fasting blood samples were obtained pre- and post-intervention to investigate differences in the haematological, renal, and liver profiles of patients in both the groups.

    Results: Post-intervention, alanine aminotransferase levels were significantly higher in the control group than in the honey group. In the honey group, white blood cell counts, platelet counts, and creatinine levels were significantly higher following honey supplementation for 12 weeks. Nevertheless, the values were still within normal ranges.

    Conclusions: The present study suggests that honey supplementation of 20 g/day for 12 weeks is safe and beneficial for postmenopausal breast cancer patients.

    Matched MeSH terms: Control Groups
  11. Zakaria S, Mat-Husain SZ, Ying-Hwey K, Xin-Kai K, Mohd-Badawi A, Abd-Ghani NA, et al.
    Iran J Basic Med Sci, 2017 Dec;20(12):1360-1367.
    PMID: 29238472 DOI: 10.22038/IJBMS.2017.9610
    Objectives: Alcohol consumption induces oxidative stress on bone, which in turn increases the risk of osteoporosis. This study determined the effects of vitamin E on bone strength and bone mineral content in alcohol-induced osteoporotic rats.

    Materials and Methods: Three months old Sprague Dawley male rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: (I) control group; (II) alcohol (3g/kg) + normal saline; (III) alcohol (3g/kg) + olive oil; (IV) alcohol (3g/kg) + alpha-tocopherol (60mg/kg) and (V) alcohol (3g/kg) + palm vitamin E (60mg/kg). The treatment lasted for three months. Following sacrifice, the right tibia was subjected to bone biomechanical test while the lumbar (fourth and fifth lumbar) and left tibia bones were harvested for bone mineral measurement.

    Results: Alcohol caused reduction in bone biomechanical parameters (maximum force, ultimate stress, yield stress and Young's modulus) and bone minerals (bone calcium and magnesium) compared to control group (P<0.05). Palm vitamin E was able to improve bone biomechanical parameters by increasing the maximum force, ultimate stress and Young's modulus (P<0.05) while alpha-tocopherol was not able to. Both alpha-tocopherol and palm vitamin E were able to significantly increase tibia calcium and magnesium content while only alpha-tocopherol caused significant increase in lumbar calcium content (P<0.05).

    Conclusion: Both palm vitamin E and alpha-tocopherol improved bone mineral content which was reduced by alcohol. However, only palm vitamin E was able to improve bone strength in alcohol treated rats.

    Matched MeSH terms: Control Groups
  12. Zahiri N, Abollahi I, Nabavi SM, Ehsani F, Arab AM, Shaw I, et al.
    Malays J Med Sci, 2017 Mar;24(1):69-80.
    PMID: 28381930 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2017.24.1.8
    BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most widespread disabling neurological condition in young adults around the world. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of explicit information (EI) on motor-sequence learning in MS patients.

    METHODS: Thirty patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), age: 29.5 (SD = 5.6) years and 30 healthy gender-, age-, and education-matched control group participants, age: 28.8 (SD = 6.0) years, were recruited for this study. The participants in the healthy group were then randomly assigned into an EI (n = 15) group and a no-EI (n = 15) group. Similarly, the participants in the control group were then randomly assigned into EI (n = 15) and no-EI (n = 15) groups. The participants performed a serial reaction time (SRT) task and reaction times. A retention test was performed after 48 hours.

    RESULTS: All participants reduced their reaction times across acquisition (MS group: 46.4 (SD = 3.3) minutes, P < 0.001, and healthy group: 39.4 (SD = 3.3) minutes, P < 0.001). The findings for the within-participants effect of repeated measures of time were significant (F(5.06, 283.7) = 71.33. P < 0.001). These results indicate that the interaction between group and time was significant (F(5.06, 283.7) = 6.44. P < 0.001), which indicated that the reaction time in both groups was significantly changed between the MS and healthy groups across times (B1 to B10). The main effect of the group (MS and healthy) (F(1, 56) = 22.78. P < 0.001) and also the main effect of no-EI vs EI (F(1, 56) = 4.71. P < 0.001) were significant.

    CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that that RRMS patients are capable of learning new skills, but the provision of EI prior to physical practice is deleterious to implicit learning. It is sufficient to educate MS patients on the aim and general content of the training and only to provide feedback at the end of the rehabilitative session.

    Matched MeSH terms: Control Groups
  13. Yusop Ahmad, Nur Fifie Shakilla Diekin
    MyJurnal
    This study was conducted to determine the effects of plyometric training on power, speed and agility on under 16 athletes. Thirty-two males from various background of sports were randomly selected as subjects. Subjects were divided into two groups which are intervention (N=16) and control (N=16). Subjects performed training for five weeks. Test batteries used includes 30-m sprint, 30 feet shuttle run and vertical jump to look at the effects of plyometric training given. Data that were obtained was analysed using T-test. Analysis showed that treatment group manage to improve performance in all the three tests while no significant differences between pre and post-test among control group for all the three tests. Based on the result, plyometric training that were given could improve power, speed and agility.
    Matched MeSH terms: Control Groups
  14. Yusop Ahmad, Nur Haziyanti Mohamad Khalid, Trevor Glen Philip
    MyJurnal
    This study aimed to test the effect of modality imagery training via video tapes and audio tapes to improve the performance of overhead service skills in volleyball. 45 subjects who followed the volleyball professional course in Sultan Idris University of Education (UPSI) were selected for this test and they were randomly divided into three groups: video, audio group and control group. Russel-Lange Volleyball Test was used to obtain data on the overhead service performance. The results showed significant differences in overhead service performance before and after participants were exposed to the methods of video and audio tapes. There were also significant differences in overhead service performance among the video, audio, and control group. The study should that the introduction of audio and video imagery method may helps improve the overhead service skills performance in volley ball.
    Matched MeSH terms: Control Groups
  15. Yusoff N, Abd Ghani I, Othman NW, Aizat WM, Hassan M
    Insects, 2021 Jan 27;12(2).
    PMID: 33513706 DOI: 10.3390/insects12020109
    The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is the most important pest of cruciferous vegetables worldwide. In this study, we evaluated the properties of selected farnesyl derivative compounds against P. xylostella. The toxicity and sublethal concentration (LC50) of farnesyl acetate, farnesyl acetone, farnesyl bromide, farnesyl chloride, and hexahydrofarnesyl acetone were investigated for 96 h. The leaf-dip bioassays showed that farnesyl acetate had a high level of toxicity against P. xylostella compared to other tested farnesyl derivatives. The LC50 value was 56.41 mg/L on the second-instar larvae of P. xylostella. Then, the sublethal effects of farnesyl acetate on biological parameters of P. xylostella were assessed. Compared to the control group, the sublethal concentration of farnesyl acetate decreased pupation and emergence rates, pupal weight, fecundity, egg hatching rate, female ratio, and oviposition period. Furthermore, the developmental time of P. xylostella was extended after being exposed to farnesyl acetate. Moreover, the application of farnesyl acetate on P. xylostella induced morphogenetic abnormalities in larval-pupal intermediates, adults that emerged with twisted wings, or complete adults that could not emerge from the cocoon. These results suggested that farnesyl acetate was highly effective against P. xylostella. The sublethal concentration of farnesyl acetate could reduce the population of P. xylostella by increasing abnormal pupal and adults, and by delaying its development period.
    Matched MeSH terms: Control Groups
  16. Yugavathy N, Huri HZ, Kun LS, Bin Abdul Gafor AH, Geot WM, Bavanandan S, et al.
    Biomark Med, 2020 08;14(12):1099-1108.
    PMID: 32969247 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2020-0205
    Aim: To determine the clinical and genetic markers associated with erythropoietin deficiency anemia in predialysis individuals. Materials & methods: Patients were categorized into cases and control group. Demographic characteristics and clinical parameters were obtained from medical record review and serum EPO and ferritin were obtained with ELISA. HIF-1α (rs2057482), IL-1β (rs1143627) and EPO (rs1617640) gene polymorphism were genotyped. Results: Female gender, glomerular filtration rate, treatment with hematinics, anticoagulant and diuretic were strong predictors of EPO-deficient anemia in predialysis chronic kidney disease patients. Genetic polymorphism in the HIF-1α recessive model was associated with non-EPO-deficiency, followed by EPO recessive allele associated with low-serum erythropoietin and IL-1β recessive model with low hemoglobin level. Conclusion: EPO-deficiency anemia can be diagnosed more conveniently in the presence of biomarkers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Control Groups
  17. Yuanita P, Zulnaidi H, Zakaria E
    PLoS One, 2018;13(9):e0204847.
    PMID: 30261056 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204847
    This study aims to identify the role of mathematical representation as a mediator between mathematical belief and problem solving. A quasi-experimental design was developed that included 426 Form 1 secondary school students. Respondents comprised 209 and 217 students in the treatment and control groups, respectively. SPSS 23.0, ANATES 4 and Amos 18 were used for data analysis. Findings indicated that mathematical representation plays a significant role as mediator between mathematical belief and arithmetic problem solving. The Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) approach successfully increased the arithmetic problem-solving ability of students.
    Matched MeSH terms: Control Groups
  18. Younis M, Norsa'adah B, Othman A
    PMID: 34007208 DOI: 10.2147/BCTT.S299584
    Objective: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a psycho-education intervention programme in improving the coping strategies of Jordanian breast cancer patients.

    Methods: A double-blinded randomised control trial involving 200 participants between the ages of 20 to 65 years old breast cancer patients was performed. Apart from those who refused participation, patients with chronic diseases and extreme baseline depression scores were also excluded. The control group received standard care twice a week from the social welfare services team facilitator compared to the intervention group that received additional psycho-education intervention programme (PEIP). The coping strategies were measured using the Brief-COPE inventory consisting of 28 items. It was administered on the second and 12th week of trial. The primary end point was compared between pre- and post-intervention. The effect of the intervention between groups, time, and covariates was measured using the generalised linear mixed model (GLMM) analysis.

    Results: The mean (SD) of adaptive coping score among the intervention group increased from 5.63 (1.3) at baseline to 6.42 (1.3) at post-intervention. The mean avoidant coping score was 3.87 (1.1) at baseline but reduced to 3.69 (0.8) post-intervention. GLMM showed that women who received the intervention reported significantly higher usage of the adaptive coping strategies after attending the programme (B=0.921, p <0.001).

    Conclusion: PEIP significantly improved knowledge of breast cancer patients. Thus, this programme may be considered as a part of the healthcare services in Jordan towards improving the adaptive coping strategies among breast cancer patients, which may point towards the potential for these services to increase adaptive coping strategies among patients in Jordan.

    Implications for Public Health: PEIP may be considered as psychosocial intervention in public health and healthcare setting to address rising concerns on quality of care among breast cancer patients.

    Matched MeSH terms: Control Groups
  19. Ylmaz Ö, Temur A, Almal N, Dülger AC, Sasmaz MI
    Trop Biomed, 2018 Dec 01;35(4):1148-1153.
    PMID: 33601862
    Oesophageal strictures often occur following esophagectomy which is performed for cases of oesophageal cancer. These patients require repeated dilation procedures. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of dietary regimens, which are changed because of stenosis, caused by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). In this retrospective study, 28 patients who had operation for oesophageal cancer and underwent dilation due to development of stricture were studied. 30 female and 30 male patients who were admitted to the Gastroenterology Clinic with complaints of dyspepsia and did not receive treatment for the eradication of H. pylori were randomly selected and included in this study as a control group. Patients' histopathological records on the hemogram, biochemistry, and endoscopic biopsy were analysed. There were 26 H. pylori (+) cases (92.8 %) in the stenosis group consisting of 28 patients, and 37 H. pylori (+) cases (61.6%) in the control group consisting of 60 patients. These results were found to be statistically significant (P=0.003). The albumin level in the stenosis group was reported to be statistically low (P=0.002). The incidence of H. pylori was found to be significantly higher in patients with stenosis. We ascribed this outcome due to changes in dietary regimens. Our findings showed that the dietary regimens of all patients who underwent esophagectomy should be regulated during the postoperative period considering H. pylori. The relationship between H. pylori and stenosis was significant, there is a need for further research with a larger sample size to enrich the findings.
    Matched MeSH terms: Control Groups
  20. Yi Ni Koh, Embong Zunaina, Ahmad Tajudin Liza-Sharmini, Che Badariah Abd-Aziz, Che Hussin Che-Maraina, Mei Fong Chong, et al.
    MyJurnal

    Introduction: Age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) is an ocular degenerative disorder that associated with impairment of central vision. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ARMD. The aim of this study was to determine the level of antioxidant enzymes (catalase and glutathione peroxidase) in tears among Malay ARMD patients. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted between September 2015 and November 2017 among Malay ARMD patients. Schirmer paper was used to collect the tear samples. The level of catalase and glu- tathione peroxidase level in tears was evaluated using commercially available oxidative stress marker kits. Results: A total of 136 Malay ARMD patients were recruited into the study with 68 controls. Mean tear catalase and gluta- thione peroxidase levels were significantly lower in ARMD patients (1348.97 SD 109.11 µM and 453.87 SD 41.96 U/L respectively) as compared to the control group (1453.38 SD 38.87 µM and 502.28 SD 34.29 U/L respectively) (P
    Matched MeSH terms: Control Groups
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