Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 121 in total

Abstract:
Sort:
  1. George R
    PMID: 3324361
    The historical background, epidemiology and changing pattern of clinical disease as seen in Malaysia is reviewed. The preliminary results of the longitudinal study of epidemiology of dengue in Malaysia is also presented. Studies led by Rudnick et al. over some 18 years have established that the disease is endemically transmitted by both Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus causing illnesses ranging from mild febrile episodes through classical dengue fever, dengue haemorrhagic fever and the dengue shock syndrome. The first epidemic occurred in 1962 in Penang, and the second major epidemic in 1974 in Selangor. From then on epidemics seem to occur every 4 years, i.e. 1978, and then in 1982. With increasing number of cases being seen from the end of 1985 and in 1986, and with the increasing numbers of positive virus isolates, another epidemic may occur this year. Though in the early years, mainly children were affected, recently more cases are being seen in 16-30 years age group. There is also a changing pattern in the clinical presentation of the cases. The clinician has to be aware of the various modes of presentation of this sinister disease. A high index of suspicion is needed for early diagnosis, as management is mainly symptomatic and there is no specific drug as yet to combat the shock and bleeding manifestations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dengue/diagnosis
  2. Chan YC, Wong TW, Yap EH, Tan HC, Lee HW, Chu YK, et al.
    Med J Aust, 1987 Sep 07;147(5):248-9.
    PMID: 2890086
    A case of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome that originated in Malaysia is reported. The patient presented with clinical symptoms which were not typical of the disease as seen in endemic regions. Renal involvement, which is characteristic of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, was mild, and the predominant symptom was a persistently marked elevation of serum transaminase levels that was suggestive of hepatitis. Liver involvement has not been described in the Asian form of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. The patient developed a petechial skin rash and had severe thrombocytopenia. Serological confirmation of the diagnosis of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome was obtained by the demonstration of significant antibody rises to hantaviruses in the patient's acute- and convalescent-phase sera.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dengue/diagnosis
  3. Pang T
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 1987 Oct;16(4):612-6.
    PMID: 2895602
    Studies were carried out into the immunopathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of dengue virus infections. Using an experimental system it was shown that cell-mediated immunity (CMI), as measured by delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) was induced in mice infected with dengue virus. The nature of the DTH response satisfies most criteria for a classical DTH reaction. In addition, it was also shown that infection with dengue virus causes a transient immunosuppression as measured by the immune response to other, unrelated antigens. With regard to the laboratory diagnosis of dengue infections, it was found that mosquito cells were a sensitive system for the isolation of dengue viruses and that the success of isolation was related to the antibody content of the serum. A new method for the rapid isolation of dengue viruses was also developed involving the intracerebral inoculation of mosquito larvae. By the use of this method viral antigens can be detected as early as 2-3 days after specimen inoculation. The significance of these findings in relation to the immunopathogenesis, prevention and control of disease syndromes due to dengue viruses is discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dengue/diagnosis
  4. Lam SK, Devi S, Pang T
    PMID: 3329413
    A modification of the IgM-capture ELISA which can provide an early diagnosis for dengue infection is presented. The test is technically simple compared to HI and appears to be more sensitive. It has the advantage over HIT for the detection of specific IgM in that it is more sensitive and the reading of the result is not subjective. There is the possibility of the test being able to replace HI and HIT in the future.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dengue/diagnosis*
  5. Mak JW, Yong HS, Lim PK, Tan MA
    PMID: 3406806
    Biotechnological tools are being used in malaria, filariasis and dengue research. The main emphasis has been on the production of reagents for immunodiagnosis and research. In this respect monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) against various species and stages of the above pathogens have been produced. It is hoped that these McAbs will be useful not only in immunodiagnosis but also for seroepidemiological applications. A DNA probe against Brugia malayi has been tested in Malaysia and was found to be sensitive and specific.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dengue/diagnosis
  6. Cardosa MJ, Hooi TP, Shaari NS
    J Virol Methods, 1988 Oct;22(1):81-8.
    PMID: 3058737
    Partially purified DEN3 virus was used as antigen in a sensitive dot enzyme immunoassay (DEIA) for the detection of antibodies to flavivirus antigens. We describe here the method used to prepare and optimise the antigen-bearing nitrocellulose membranes and present the results obtained from screening 20 acute phase sera from patients shown to have had recent dengue infections by the haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. Sixteen pairs of acute and convalescent sera from dengue-negative patients had no detectable antibody to dengue virus by HI. These were shown to have no antibody detectable by DEIA. Sera positive for dengue antibodies by HI had DEIA titers ranging from 10 to several thousand times greater than the titers detected by HI.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dengue/diagnosis
  7. Cardosa MJ, Noor Sham S, Tio PH, Lim SS
    PMID: 3238470
    A dot enzyme immunoassay (DEIA) was used to determine the levels of antibody to dengue 3 virus in the acute and convalescent sera of febrile patients with a clinical diagnosis of dengue fever or dengue haemorrhagic fever. The antibody titres were compared with titres determined by the haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. The results of the study showed that, besides being more simple to perform, the DEIA is in order of magnitude more sensitive than the HI test. Furthermore, the data suggest that it is possible to use a single dilution as a cutoff point to predict with reasonable accuracy, if a patient has had a recent dengue infection. The DEIA test for antibodies to dengue virus is an appropriate technology highly suitable for rapid diagnosis and surveillance in developing countries.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dengue/diagnosis*
  8. George R, Liam CK, Chua CT, Lam SK, Pang T, Geethan R, et al.
    PMID: 3238469
    Four recent cases of dengue fever with severe, unusual clinical manifestations are described. Two of these cases had features of fulminant hepatitis and encephalopathy; one of these cases was fatal. The two remaining cases showed hepatitis with renal impairment. The significance and importance of these unusual manifestations of dengue disease are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dengue/diagnosis*
  9. Cardosa MJ, Zuraini I
    PMID: 1818383
    This study describes the use of an IgM capture ELISA using cell culture derived antigens and a polyclonal rabbit antiflavivirus antisera for the detection of dengue positive cases. The IgM capture ELISA is compared with the dot enzyme immunoassay and the results are discussed in the context of dengue endemicity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dengue/diagnosis
  10. Cardosa MJ, Tio PH
    Bull World Health Organ, 1991;69(6):741-5.
    PMID: 1786623
    A dot enzyme immunoassay (DEIA) for the detection of antibodies to dengue virus was tested for use as a tool in the presumptive diagnosis of dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever. Paired sera from the following groups of patients were tested using the DEIA and the haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test: those with primary dengue fever; those experiencing a second dengue infection; and febrile patients who did not have dengue. The data obtained show that the DEIA can be effectively used at a serum dilution of 1:1000 to confirm presumptive recent dengue in patients with a second dengue infection. However, demonstration of seroconversion proved necessary for patients with primary dengue. At a serum dilution of 1:1000 the DEIA has a specificity of 97.3%. The role of this simple and rapid test in improving the effectivity of programmes for the control of dengue virus infection is discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dengue/diagnosis*
  11. Fang R, Sinniah M, Kuen LS
    Malays J Pathol, 1992 Dec;14(2):117-20.
    PMID: 1304624
    Dengue fever/Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DF/DHF) has been a public health problem in Malaysia with an endemic level of about 7 per 100,000 population per year. In 1990, Malaysia experienced its most severe outbreak of DF/DHF with a record total of 5,590 cases referred to the Division of Virology, Institute for Medical Research (IMR). Of these, 1,880 were confirmed serologically to be DF/DHF. The conventional serological procedure, the Haemagglutination Inhibition (HI) test, for the diagnosis of DF/DHF is cumbersome and causes delay in diagnosis. Another problem associated with the HI test has been that it has often been difficult to obtain a second convalescent serum sample for an accurate diagnosis. This has raised an urgent need to establish a "rapid" test for diagnosis of DF/DHF. As such the authors recently carried out an evaluation of a newly available commercial rapid test, namely, the Dengue Blot Assay (Diagnostic Biotechnology Singapore Pte Ltd). The test is intended for use in laboratory confirmation of dengue virus infection. The evaluation was to determine if the test could be utilised as a routine laboratory test and to establish its sensitivity and specificity. Over 400 samples were tested against the Dengue Blot Assay. Results were checked against an in-house Dengue IgM ELISA and HI assay. Preliminary results indicate that the sensitivity and specificity of the Dengue Blot is satisfactory. Our results also indicate that the Dengue Blot has a useful role to play in a routine laboratory especially since it provides rapid results on single serum samples thereby reducing the workload in a busy diagnostic laboratory.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dengue/diagnosis*
  12. Cardosa MJ, Tio PH, Nimmannitya S, Nisalak A, Innis B
    PMID: 1298081
    The highly sensitive AFRIMS format IgM capture ELISA for the diagnosis of dengue virus infections requires the use of mouse brain derived hemagglutinins and consequently also the use of 20% acetone extracted normal human serum to eliminate high background. These reagents are not always easily available and we have thus compared the AFRIMS format with another published format which uses cell culture derived antigens (culture fluid, CF, format) in order to determine if it is reasonable to use cell culture derived antigens in situations where hemagglutinins and normal human serum are difficult to obtain. The study shows that using AFRIMS results as the reference point, the CF format described here has a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 96%.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dengue/diagnosis*
  13. Lam SK
    Malays J Pathol, 1993 Jun;15(1):9-12.
    PMID: 8277797
    Matched MeSH terms: Dengue/diagnosis*
  14. Chin CK
    Malays J Pathol, 1993 Jun;15(1):21-3.
    PMID: 8277784
    Dengue fever is endemic in Malaysia with frequent epidemics especially in urban areas. This infection can present in a wide range of severity, from a nonspecific febrile illness to life threatening dengue haemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. It is worth noting that dengue haemorrhagic fever comprised 11.2% of all reported cases in Malaysia in 1991.Patients tend to consult their primary care physicians early. It is the duty of the primary care physicians to make an accurate diagnosis and to detect the complications. However, there has not been any known reliable predictor for the occurrence of complications during the early stage of the illness. Hence, primary care physicians often face the problem of having to deal with this uncertainty. Referring all these patients to the hospitals for admission is obviously not practical but managing them at home may involve high risks. In order to assist primary care physicians, the Primary Care Unit in the University Hospital uses a set of guidelines for the outpatient management of the infection. These guidelines and their assessment will be discussed.
    Study site: Primary Care clinic, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Dengue/diagnosis
  15. George R
    Malays J Pathol, 1993 Jun;15(1):25-7.
    PMID: 8277785
    Matched MeSH terms: Dengue/diagnosis*
  16. Chin CK, Kang BH, Liew BK, Cheah PC, Nair R, Lam SK
    J Trop Med Hyg, 1993 Aug;96(4):259-63.
    PMID: 8345549
    A prospective study on the practicality of an out-patient management protocol for dengue infection in adults was carried out during a 2-month period. Doctors were requested to follow the protocol and assessment was done on the patients' outcome, the admission rate, and the compliance to the protocol by doctors and patients. One hundred and sixty-two patients (mean age 27.3 years) were clinically diagnosed to have dengue illness. Among them, 82.7% had dengue fever (DF); 13.0% had dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) and 4.3% had dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Dengue aetiology was confirmed in 69.4% of the DF group and 85.7% of the DHF and DSS groups. There were no deaths among the 162 patients. The admission rate was 43.8%. A high compliance rate of 86.4% by the doctors and a low patient default rate of 16.4% showed that the protocol was practical.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dengue/diagnosis
  17. Chan SY, Kautner IM, Lam SK
    J Virol Methods, 1994 Oct;49(3):315-22.
    PMID: 7868649
    The potential of RT-PCR to rapidly diagnose dengue infections from both acute and convalescent phase patients' sera was evaluated. The RNA extraction method involved binding of the viral RNA to silica particles in the presence of high concentration of guanidine thiocyanate. The protocol that was established was sensitive enough to detect 40 plaque forming units per 100 microliter of serum and results could be obtained within one day. Results from this study indicate that clinical samples should be collected in the early acute phase of illness when anti-dengue antibodies were undetectable or of low titres to ensure a more reliable diagnosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dengue/diagnosis*
  18. Lam SK, Fong MY, Chungue E, Doraisingham S, Igarashi A, Khin MA, et al.
    Clin Diagn Virol, 1996 Nov;7(2):93-8.
    PMID: 9137865 DOI: 10.1016/S0928-0197(96)00257-7
    The traditional methods used in the diagnosis of dengue infection do not lend themselves to field application. As such, clinical specimens have to be sent to a central laboratory for processing which invariably leads to delay. This affects patient management and disease control. The development of the dengue IgM dot enzyme immunoassay has opened up the possibility of carrying out the test in peripheral health settings.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dengue/diagnosis*
  19. Lam SK, Devine PL
    Clin Diagn Virol, 1998 May 1;10(1):75-81.
    PMID: 9646004
    Rapid diagnosis of dengue infection is essential to patient management and disease control. The development of a rapid (5 min) immunochromatographic test and a 2 h commercial capture enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for anti-dengue IgM and IgG antibodies may lead to more rapid and accurate testing in peripheral health settings and diagnostic laboratories.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dengue/diagnosis
Filters
Contact Us

Please provide feedback to Administrator (afdal@afpm.org.my)

External Links