Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 75 in total

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  1. Wahab NFAC, Kannan TP, Mahmood Z, Rahman IA, Ismail H
    Toxicol In Vitro, 2018 Mar;47:207-212.
    PMID: 29247761 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.12.002
    Biphasic Calcium Phosphate (BCP) with a ratio of 20/80 Hydroxyapatite (HA)/Beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) promotes the differentiation of human dental pulp cells (HDPCs). In the current study, the genotoxicity of locally produced BCP of modified porosity (65%) with a mean pore size of 300micrometer (μm) was assessed using Comet and Ames assays. HDPCs were treated with BCP extract at three different inhibitory concentrations which were obtained based on cytotoxicity test conducted with concurrent negative and positive controls. The tail moment of HDPCs treated with BCP extract at all three concentrations showed no significant difference compared to negative control (p>0.05), indicating that BCP did not induce DNA damage to HDPCs. The BCP was evaluated using five tester strains of Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA102, TA1537 and TA1538. Each strain was incubated with BCP extract with five different concentrations in the presence and absence of metabolic activation system (S9) mix. Concurrently, negative and positive controls were included. The average number of revertant colonies per plate treated with the BCP extract was less than double as compared to the number of revertant colonies in negative control plate and no dose-related increase was observed. Results from both assays suggested that the BCP of modified porosity did not exhibit any genotoxic effect under the present test conditions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Implants/adverse effects*
  2. Tan SJ, Baharin B, Nabil S, Mohd N, Zhu Y
    J Evid Based Dent Pract, 2021 Jun;21(2):101543.
    PMID: 34391557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2021.101543
    OBJECTIVES: To comprehensively evaluate implant survival, clinical and biochemical parameters, as well as possible dose-response relationship with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in patients with differing diabetic control.

    METHODOLOGY: Five electronic databases were searched for studies that compared implant outcomes in patients with differing HbA1c values. Research quality was evaluated using Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool. Narrative synthesis and meta-analysis were performed for survival rate, plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth, and marginal bone loss (MBL). Categorical dose-response meta-analysis (DRMA) was conducted according to length of follow-up.

    RESULTS: Twenty-two studies met the inclusion criteria. Prospective studies were mostly of moderate quality, but non-prospective papers had serious to critical risk of bias. Survival rate was high for the first 3 years (92.6%-100%) for patients with HbA1c less than 8%. Meta-analysis revealed worsening clinical parameters with increasing HbA1c. DRMA further established a significant dose-response relationship between glycemic control with BOP (10% more bleeding, 95% CI 0.05-0.16, P = .008) and MBL (0.05 mm more bone loss, 95% CI 0.01-0.09, P = .002) per HbA1c category, but no association with probing pocket depth. Osseointegration progressed at a slower rate, and inflammatory cytokines and bone biomarkers were adversely affected in patients with HbA1c above 8%.

    CONCLUSION: Moderate evidence suggests a high short-term survival but possible dose-response trend of worsening BOP and MBL in association with glycemic control. Clinically, HbA1c values must be considered for risk assessment before placement and throughout the lifespan of the implant placed in a patient with diabetes.

    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Implants*
  3. Younis L, Taher A, Abu-Hassan MI, Tin O
    J Contemp Dent Pract, 2009;10(4):35-42.
    PMID: 19575052
    The purpose of this study was to compare bone healing and coronal bone remodeling following both immediate and delayed placement of titanium dental implants in extraction sockets.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Implants
  4. Rahman SA, Muhammad H, Haque S, Alam MK
    J Contemp Dent Pract, 2019 Feb 01;20(2):173-178.
    PMID: 31058631
    AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in the peri-implant hard and soft tissues and implant stability and to assess the correlation of bone loss and peri-implant probing depth with implant stability.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-one patients with implants were included in this study and implants were assessed by resonance frequency analysis (RFA). Bone levels of the implants were assessed by measuring mesial and distal bone levels from the periapical radiograph, and soft tissue was assessed from probing depth using a periodontal probe. Implants were assessed for stability and probing depth at pre-loading, at 3 months and 6 months post-loading. RFA and probing depth were statistically compared from different time points. Correlation of probing depth and marginal bone loss with implant stability was also determined.

    RESULTS: The average change in implant stability quotient (ISQ) measurements from pre-loading to 6 months post-loading was found to be statistically significant (p <0.005). The average probing depth reduced from 1.767 mm at pre-loading to 1.671 mm at post-loading 3 months, and 1.600 mm at post-loading 6 months. At 6 months of function, radiographic examination yielded 0.786 mm mesial bone loss and 0.8 mm distal bone loss. It was found to be statistically significant (p <0.005) but within an acceptable range. No significant correlation was found between implant stability and bone loss; and implant stability and probing depth.

    CONCLUSION: The study revealed an increasing trend in implant stability values with the time that indicates successful osseointegration. Increasing mean values for mesial and distal bone loss were also found.

    CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The success of dental implants is highly dependent on the quality of bone and implant-bone interface, i.e., osseointegration. The most important factors that influence the survival rate of an implant is initial stability. The present study found the changes in the peri-implant hard and soft tissues and implant stability. This article, while being a prospective study, may show the evidence of successful osseointegration by increasing trend in implant stability (RFA) values with time which can help to the clinician in the long-term management of implants.

    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Implantation, Endosseous; Dental Implants*
  5. Hassan MH
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:164-5.
    PMID: 15468869
    There has been, and is still, concern about the high elastic modulus of Ti alloys compared to bone. Any reduction in the Young's modulus value of the implant is expected to enhance stress redistribution to the adjacent bone tissues, minimize stress shielding and eventually prolong device lifetime. Dynamic Monte Carlo simulation is used to predict the gradual reduction in Young's modulus values between the bulk of Ti alloys and the modified surface layers due to Ca ion implantation. The simulation can be used as a screening step when applying new alloys and/or coatings.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Implants*
  6. Vohra F, Al-Kheraif AA, Ab Ghani SM, Abu Hassan MI, Alnassar T, Javed F
    J Prosthet Dent, 2015 Sep;114(3):351-7.
    PMID: 26047803 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2015.03.016
    STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Zirconia implants have been used for oral rehabilitation; however, evidence of their ability to maintain crestal bone and periimplant soft tissue health is not clear.

    PURPOSE: The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate crestal bone loss (CBL) around zirconia dental implants and clinical periimplant inflammatory parameters.

    MATERIAL AND METHODS: The focus question addressed was, "Do zirconia implants maintain crestal bone levels and periimplant soft tissue health?" Databases were searched for articles from 1977 through September 2014 with different combinations of the following MeSH terms: "dental implants," "zirconium," "alveolar bone loss," "periodontal attachment loss," "periodontal pocket," "periodontal index." Letters to the editor, case reports, commentaries, review articles, and articles published in languages other than English were excluded.

    RESULTS: Thirteen clinical studies were included. In 8 of the studies, the CBL around zirconia implants was comparable between baseline and follow-up. In the other 5 studies, the CBL around zirconia implants was significantly higher at follow-up. Among the studies that used titanium implants as controls, 2 studies showed significantly higher CBL around zirconia implants, and in 1 study, the CBL around zirconia and titanium implants was comparable. The reported implant survival rates for zirconia implants ranged between 67.6% and 100%. Eleven studies selectively reported the periimplant inflammatory parameters.

    CONCLUSIONS: Because of the variations in study design and methodology, it was difficult to reach a consensus regarding the efficacy of zirconia implants in maintaining crestal bone levels and periimplant soft tissue health.

    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Implants*
  7. Yunus N, Abdullah H, Hanapiah F
    J Prosthet Dent, 2001 Jun;85(6):540-3.
    PMID: 11404753
    This article describes the occlusal rehabilitation of a partially edentulous patient who did not want a removable partial denture. Implants and extensive fixed restorations were used to restore posterior support and treat severely worn dentition, respectively. The treatment offered the patient a functional and esthetic result.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Implantation, Endosseous; Dental Implants*
  8. Patil PG, Seow LL
    J Prosthet Dent, 2020 May;123(5):710-716.
    PMID: 31558274 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2019.07.015
    STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Single-implant-retained overdentures are an alternative treatment option for an edentulous mandible. However, evaluation of their clinical performance with an immediate loading protocol is lacking.

    PURPOSE: The purpose of this prospective randomized controlled clinical study was to evaluate crest bone-level changes and patient satisfaction with mandibular overdentures retained by 1 or 2 titanium-zirconium (Ti-Zr) implants with immediate loading protocols after 1 year.

    MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-six Ti-Zr implants were placed in 24 participants (single central implant in 12 participants and 2 interforaminal implants in 11 participants) by a single operator. LOCATOR attachments were used to retain the mandibular overdentures with an immediate loading protocol, and observations were made at 1 month and 1 year. Changes to the crestal bone level were evaluated with digital periapical radiographs. A 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS) was used to evaluate patient satisfaction. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze the data.

    RESULTS: At 1 month, the mean crestal bone loss was 0.23 mm in the 2-implant group (n=22) and 0.39 mm (P=.181) in the single-implant group (n=11). At 1 year, the bone loss was 0.67 mm in the 2-implant group and 0.88 mm (P=.248) in the single-implant group. The mean VAS score for patient satisfaction level increased from 38.3% to 49.7% for single-implant participants and from 40.5% to 54.8% for 2-implant participants 1 month after implant placement (P=.250) and from 38.3% to 54.5% for single-implant participants and from 40.5% to 58.9% for 2-implant participants after 1 year (P=.341).

    CONCLUSIONS: Single-implant-retained mandibular overdentures with an immediate loading protocol may represent a viable treatment option considering crestal bone-level changes and patient satisfaction compared with 2-implant-retained mandibular overdentures after 1 year of follow-up.

    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Implants*; Immediate Dental Implant Loading*
  9. Patil PG, Seow LL, Uddanwadikar R, Ukey PD
    J Prosthet Dent, 2021 Jan;125(1):138.e1-138.e8.
    PMID: 33393474 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.09.015
    STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Mini implants (<3 mm in diameter) are being used as an alternative to standard implants for implant-retained mandibular overdentures; however, they may exhibit higher stresses at the crestal level.

    PURPOSE: The purpose of this finite element analysis study was to evaluate the biomechanical behavior (stress distribution pattern) in the mandibular overdenture, mucosa, bone, and implants when retained with 2 standard implants or 2 mini implants under unilateral or bilateral loading conditions.

    MATERIAL AND METHODS: A patient with edentulous mandible and his denture was scanned with cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), and a 3D mandibular model was created in the Mimics software program by using the CBCT digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) images. The model was transferred to the 3Matics software program to form a 2-mm-thick mucosal layer and to assemble the denture DICOM file. A 12-mm-long standard implant (Ø3.5 mm) and a mini dental implant (Ø2.5 mm) along with the LOCATOR male attachments (height 4 mm) were designed by using the SOLIDWORKS software program. Two standard or 2 mini implants in the canine region were embedded separately in the 3D assembled model. The base of the mandible was fixed, and vertical compressive loads of 100 N were applied unilaterally and bilaterally in the first molar region. The material properties for acrylic resin (denture), titanium (implants), mucosa (tissue), and bone (mandible) were allocated. Maximum von Mises stress and strain values were obtained and analyzed.

    RESULTS: Maximum stresses of 9.78 MPa (bilaterally) and 11.98 MPa (unilaterally) were observed in 2 mini implants as compared with 3.12 MPa (bilaterally) and 3.81 MPa (unilaterally) in 2 standard implants. The stress values in the mandible were observed to be almost double the mini implants as compared with the standard implants. The stresses in the denture were in the range of 3.21 MPa and 3.83 MPa and in the mucosa of 0.68 MPa and 0.7 MPa for 2 implants under unilateral and bilateral loading conditions. The strain values shown similar trends with both implant types under bilateral and unilateral loading.

    CONCLUSIONS: Two mini implants generated an average of 68.15% more stress than standard implants. The 2 standard implant-retained overdenture showed less stress concentration in and around implants than mini implant-retained overdentures.

    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Implants*
  10. Sivakumar I, Arunachalam S, Choudhary S, Buzayan MM
    J Prosthet Dent, 2021 Jun;125(6):862-869.
    PMID: 32694022 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.04.001
    STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Immunosuppression and coinfections associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection pose a relative contraindication for dental implant therapy. However, although implants have been placed in patients with HIV with reasonable success, how HIV infection affects their survival is unclear.

    PURPOSE: The purpose of this systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis was to analyze the data on the survival of dental implants in patients with HIV.

    MATERIAL AND METHODS: A search for relevant articles published up to November 2019 was performed in PubMed/Medline and Cochrane databases, Clinicaltrials.gov, and Google Scholar. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were adopted for the conduct of the systematic review. The most pertinent data were extracted and pooled for qualitative and quantitative analyses with 95% confidence intervals. Heterogeneity was analyzed by using I-squared statistics.

    RESULTS: A total of 8 studies involving 411 individuals with HIV and 1109 implants were included in the meta-analysis. The mean follow-up period was 2.8 years. A pooled estimate of 95% of implant survival rate with 95% confidence interval(92% to 96%) was noted. Heterogeneity across the 8 studies was found to be 41% with moderate true variability.

    CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review demonstrated that HIV infection does not pose a serious threat to implant survival on short-term evaluation, but the evidence is of low quality.

    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Implantation, Endosseous; Dental Implants*
  11. Kher U, Patil PG, Tunkiwala A, Advani P
    J Prosthet Dent, 2020 08;124(2):248-249.
    PMID: 31810615 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2019.09.020
    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Implants*; Dental Implants, Single-Tooth*
  12. Khalid T, Yunus N, Ibrahim N, Saleh NBM, Goode D, Masood M
    J Prosthet Dent, 2020 Dec;124(6):674-681.
    PMID: 31952858 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2019.08.005
    STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Wearers of mandibular complete dentures (CDs) often complain of retention and stability problems resulting in poor masticatory function. Evidence suggests that a mandibular overdenture (MOD) stabilized by 2 implants represents the treatment of choice to improve stability and masticatory function. Measurements are needed of the improvement in masticatory function after providing mandibular implant-stabilized overdentures.

    PURPOSE: The purpose of this prospective clinical study was to evaluate the changes in masticatory function from baseline (T0) to 3 months (T1) and 3 years (T2) in participants with MODs and to assess the effect of baseline mandibular bone height and volume on masticatory function after 3 years.

    MATERIAL AND METHODS: Participants were assessed for masticatory function by using masticatory performance involving paraffin wax cubes as an objective measure and by using masticatory ability involving a questionnaire as a subjective measure. Edentulous individuals presenting for replacement dentures were provided with conventional mucosa-supported prostheses and evaluated for masticatory function after a 3-month settling-in period (baseline measure). Before implant placement, baseline measures of bone height and volume were recorded from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. The prostheses were then converted to implant-stabilized mandibular overdentures while any maxillary prostheses remained supported by the mucosa. Masticatory function was reassessed at 3 months and 3 years after insertion of the mandibular overdentures, and the mean changes from baseline were analyzed with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The effect of variables on masticatory function was determined by using multivariate linear regression analyses.

    RESULTS: A total of 23 participants were included in the study, with only 1 participant not completing the 3-year assessment. Significant improvement was observed in the masticatory performance (mixing ability index) (P

    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Implants*
  13. Kher U, Tunkiwala A, Patil PG
    J Prosthet Dent, 2022 Jan;127(1):6-14.
    PMID: 33243475 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.09.023
    Implant-supported fixed prostheses in the edentulous maxilla can be difficult because of anatomic limitations and high esthetic demand. The choice between cement and screw retention depends on factors such as esthetics, occlusion, retrievability, and passivity. The choice is also often governed by the ability to manage technical or biologic complications. In the edentulous maxilla, because of the bone trajectory and resorption pattern, unfavorable implant angulations may be encountered. In such situations, a conventional screw-retained prosthesis is difficult to design. This article describes the restoration of edentulous maxillae for a series of patients with different complete-arch fixed prosthesis designs. The clinical guidelines, including indications, advantages, and limitations of each design, were discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Implants*
  14. Patil PG, Seow LL, Uddanwadikar R, Pau A, Ukey PD
    J Prosthet Dent, 2024 Feb;131(2):281.e1-281.e9.
    PMID: 37985307 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.10.023
    STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The 2-implant mandibular overdenture (2IMO) is a popular treatment for patients with mandibular edentulism. However, information on the influence of implant positions on crestal strain is lacking.

    PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the crestal strain around 2 implants to support mandibular overdentures when placed at different positions.

    MATERIAL AND METHODS: Edentulous mandibles were 3-dimensionally (3D) designed separately with 2 holes for implant placement at similar distances of 5, 10, 15, and 20 mm from the midline, resulting in 4 study conditions. The complete denture models were 3D designed and printed from digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) images after scanning the patient's denture. Two 4.3×12-mm dummy implants were placed in the preplanned holes. Two linear strain gauges were attached on the crest of the mesial and distal side of each implant (CH1, CH2, CH3, and CH4) and connected to a computer to record the electrical signals. Male LOCATOR attachments were attached, the mucosal layer simulated, and the denture picked up with pink female nylon caps. A unilateral and bilateral force of 100 N was maintained for 10 seconds for each model in a universal testing machine while recording the maximum strains in the DCS-100A KYOWA computer software program. Data were analyzed by using 1-way analysis of variance, the Tukey post hoc test, and the paired t test (α=.05).

    RESULTS: Under bilateral loading, the strain values indicated a trend with increasing distance between the implants with both right and left distal strain gauges (CH4 and CH1). The negative (-ve) values indicated the compressive force, and the positive (+ve) values indicated the tensile force being applied on the strain gauges. The strain values for CH4 ranged between -166.08 for the 5-mm and -251.58 for the 20-mm position; and for CH1 between -168.08 for the 5-mm and -297.83 for the 20-mm position. The remaining 2 mesial strain gauges for all 4 implant positions remained lower than for CH4 and CH1. Under unilateral-right loading, only the right-side distal strain gauge CH4 indicated the increasing trend in the strain values with -147.5 for the 5-mm, -157.17 for the 10-mm, -209.33 for the 15-mm, and -234.75 for the 20 mm position. The remaining 3 strain gauges CH3, CH2, and CH1 ranged between -28.33 and -107.17. For each position for both implants, significantly higher (P

    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Implants*
  15. Baig MR, Gunaseelan R
    J Oral Implantol, 2012 Apr;38(2):149-53.
    PMID: 20932151 DOI: 10.1563/AAID-JOI-D-09-00089
    Passive fit of a long-span screw-retained implant prosthesis is an important criteria for the success of the restoration. This article describes a technique for fabricating a ceramometal implant fixed dental prosthesis (FDP) for a long-span partially edentulous situation by altering the conventional screw-retained design. The possibility of a passive fit is maximized by intraoral luting of the cast frame to milled abutments, and the potential framework distortion during fabrication is compensated to a major extent. Retrievability is ensured by screw retention of the prosthesis to the implants. Compared with conventional porcelain fused to metal screw-retained FDP, this prosthesis is relatively inexpensive to fabricate.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Implantation, Endosseous; Dental Implants*; Dental Implant-Abutment Design
  16. Baig MR, Rajan G
    J Oral Implantol, 2010;36(3):219-23.
    PMID: 20553176 DOI: 10.1563/AAID-JOI-D-09-00048
    Abstract This article describes the clinical and laboratory procedures involved in the fabrication of laboratory-processed, provisional, screw-retained, implant-supported maxillary and mandibular fixed complete dentures incorporating a cast metal reinforcement for immediate loading of implants. Precise fit is achieved by intraoral luting of the cast frame to milled abutments. Effective splinting of all implants is attained by the metal substructure and retrievability is provided by the screw-retention of the prosthesis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Implantation, Endosseous; Dental Implants*
  17. Baig MR, Rajan G, Rajan M
    J Oral Implantol, 2009;35(6):295-9.
    PMID: 20017646 DOI: 10.1563/AAID-JOI-D-09-00012R1.1
    This article describes the rehabilitation of a completely edentulous patient using a milled titanium implant framework and cemented crowns. This combined approach significantly offsets unsuitable implant position, alignment, or angulation, while ensuring the easy retrievability, repair, and maintenance of the prosthesis. Hence, the dual advantage of cemented-retained crowns reproducing appropriate esthetics and function, irrespective of where the screw access openings are located in the substructure, can be obtained, along with the splinting effect and management of soft and hard tissue deficits achievable with a screw-retained framework.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Implants*
  18. Aljunid S, AlSiweedi S, Nambiar P, Chai WL, Ngeow WC
    J Oral Implantol, 2016 Aug;42(4):349-52.
    PMID: 27078072 DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-D-16-00011
    The mandibular canal is a conduit that allows the inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle to transverse the mandible to supply the dentition, jawbone, and soft tissue around the lower lip. It is now acknowledged that the mandibular canal is not a single canal but an anatomical structure with multiple branches and variations. Iatrogenic injury to branches of the mandibular canal that carry a neurovascular bundle has been reported to cause injury to the main canal as severe as if the main canal itself is traumatized. These injuries include bleeding, neurosensory disturbance, or the formation of traumatic neuroma, and so far, they have involved cases with the bifid mandibular canal. This current report presents a case of neurosensory disturbance that resulted from the impingement of a branch of a trifid mandibular canal during implant insertion. Its management included analgesics, reexamination, and reinserting a shorter implant.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Implants*
  19. Lim D, Parumo R, Chai MB, Shanmuganathan J
    J Oral Implantol, 2017 Jun;43(3):228-231.
    PMID: 27996585 DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-D-16-00172
    Displacement of dental implants into the maxillary sinus is a rare complication. This article presents a case of displaced dental implant into maxillary sinus. Retrieval of the dental implant from left maxillary sinus was performed via endoscopic sinus surgery. This case highlighted a delayed referral of a 53-year-old male by a general dental practitioner for management of a dislodged dental implant into the left maxillary antrum. The implant was dislodged during placement of a healing abutment 4 months after implant insertion to replace missing 25. Cone beam computerized tomography revealed the displaced implant was located at the ostium of the left nose. A sudden change in sinonasal pressure when the patient took a deep breath during the procedure may have created a negative pressure and suction effect causing the implant to be dislodged and embedded at the ostium. In view of its position, a referral to an otorhinolaryngologist was made for endoscopic removal of the displaced implant. This case also highlighted the need for inter disciplinary cooperation in the management of such a complication for the best interest of the patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Implants*
  20. Qabbani AA, Razak NHA, Kawas SA, Sheikh Abdul Hamid S, Wahbi S, Samsudin AR
    J Craniofac Surg, 2017 Jun;28(4):e318-e325.
    PMID: 28230596 DOI: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000003569
    The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of immediate implant placement with alveolar bone augmentation on socket preservation following atraumatic tooth extraction and comparing it with a tooth alveolar socket that was allowed to heal in a conventional way.Twenty medically fit patients (8 males and 12 females aged between 18 and 40 years) who needed noncomplicated tooth extraction of mandibular premolar teeth were divided randomly and equally into 2 groups. In Group I, the empty extraction socket was left untreated and allowed to heal in a conventional way. In Group II, the immediate implant was placed and the gap between the implant and the inner buccal plate surface of the socket wall was filled with lyophilized bovine bone granules and the wound was covered with pericardium membrane. The patients were followed up clinically and radiologically for regular reviews at 1 week, 3 months, and 9 months postoperative. Cone beam computerized tomography images of the alveolar ridge and socket were analyzed to determine the structural changes of the alveolar ridge. Resonance frequency analysis was measured at 9 months for Group II to assess the degree of secondary stability of the implants by using Osstell machine.A significant difference of bone resorption of 1.49 mm (confidence interval, CI 95%, 0.63-2.35) was observed within the control group at 3 months, and 1.84 mm (P ≤ 0.05) at 9 months intervals. No significant changes of bone resorption were observed in Group II. Comparison between groups showed a highly significant difference at 3 months; 2.56 mm (CI 95% 4.22-0.90) and at 9 months intervals; 3.2 mm (CI 95%, 4.70-1.62) P ≤ 0.001 between Group I and II. High resonance frequency analysis values were observed at 9 months postoperative in Group II.In conclusion, the insertion of immediate implants in fresh extraction sockets together with grafting the circumferential gap between the bony socket wall and the implant surface with bovine bone granules was able to preserve a greater amount of alveolar ridge volume when compared with an extraction socket that was left to heal in a conventional way.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Implants, Single-Tooth*
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