MyMedR

A double-blind comparison of nomifensine and amitriptyline in the treatment of depression

Ong SB, Lee CT

Acta Psychiatr Scand, 1981 Mar;63(3):198-207.

A double-blind study was carried out to compare the efficacy and tolerability of nomifensine and amitriptyline in 17 Malaysian patients with moderate to severe depression. The two drugs did not differ with regard to antidepressant effect but nomifensine-treated subjects report fewer side-effects with no complaints of palpitations. Nomifensine also increases capacity for work and activity.

Matched MeSH terms: Depressive Disorder/drug therapy*

Fulltext Exorcism and psychiatric illness. Two case reports

Maniam T

Med J Malaysia, 1987 Dec;42(4):317-9.

PMID: 3454406

Traditional methods of treatment are extremely popular with Malaysians especially for psychiatric illnesses. Those who seek such treatment come from all cultures, social classes and different educational levels in this country. In one hospital as much as 49% of psychiatric patients had been to traditional healers . Some receive simultaneously traditional and modern modes of treatment. While many reports have been written on traditional healers such as the bomoh and spirit mediums, relatively less is written about Christian healers who practise exorcism. This paper describes two patients who had received psychiatric diagnoses of major illnesses, and who subsequently underwent Christian exorcism. The process of exorcism and the short-term and long-term outcome are reported.

Matched MeSH terms: Depressive Disorder/therapy*

The burden of care of schizophrenia in Malay families

Salleh MR

Acta Psychiatr Scand, 1994 Mar;89(3):180-5.

PMID: 8178676 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb08089.x

Deinstitutionalization has shifted much of the burden of care of chronic schizophrenia from mental institutions to the family. The aim of this study is to asses the prevalence of mental disorders among 210 primary carers of Malay schizophrenic patients, explored the burden and hardship experienced by them. This is a two-stage psychiatric screening procedure. All the cases suspected from initial screening with WHO Self-Reporting Questionnaires (SRQ-20) were called for clinical interview. Patients' behavioural problems and the burden of relatives were assessed by the Social Behaviour Schedule and the Interview Schedule respectively. It was found that about 23% of the carers developed neurotic disorders resulting from the stress; nearly half of them had neurotic depression. Despite their burden, they do not complaint about it. Neurotic carers compared with non-neurotic carers had significantly more subjective burden and distress related to the product of active psychosis. The carers were generally able to tolerate the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. The number of problem behaviours and previous admissions were significantly correlated with the severity of burden.

Matched MeSH terms: Depressive Disorder/diagnosis; Depressive Disorder/psychology

Conduct disorders seen in child psychiatric outpatient clinic, Hospital Kuala Lumpur

Loh, C.C., Mohd Amin, S., Kasmini, K.

Malaysian Journal of Child Health, 1994;6(1):12-17.

MyJurnal

This is a retrospective and descriptive study of 30 children and adolescents with conduct disorders diagnosed for the first time this year (1993) at the Child and Family Consultation Unit, UKM. Eleven of them were diagnosed to have a Socialized Conduct Disorder, 8 had symptoms of Unsocialized Conduct Disorder, whilst 4 had Conduct Disorder confined to the family context. Another 5 had Depressive Conduct Disorders while 2 had features of other mixed disorders of conduct and emotions. Most them were boys and were ten years old and above. The majority presented with at least one year history of illness and school authorities played an important role in being the main referral agency. Prominent abnormal psychosocial situations were inadequate or inconsistent parental control and discordant intro familial relationships. Socio-economic status and geographical differences were associated with the prevalence of the disorder. The main symptomatology found were disobedience and frequent lying, stealing, truancy and fighting or bullying.

Study site: outpatient clinic, Hospital Kuala Lumpur

Matched MeSH terms: Depressive Disorder

Religious psychotherapy as management of bereavement

Azhar MZ, Varma SL

Acta Psychiatr Scand, 1995 Apr;91(4):233-5.

PMID: 7625203

This study was aimed at determining the effect of psychotherapy in patients in bereavement. Fifteen patients in a control group were given brief psychotherapy and 15 study group patients received psychotherapy with a religious perspective. The patients in the study group showed consistently significant improvements as compared with the control group at the end of 6 months. The results indicate that highly religious patients with grief and bereavement tend to improve faster when a religious psychotherapy is added to a cognitive-behaviour approach.

Matched MeSH terms: Depressive Disorder/psychology

Fulltext Preliminary experience with moclobemide for the treatment of depressive disorders in Malaysia

Indran SK

Singapore Med J, 1995 Apr;36(2):189-90.

PMID: 7676265

The objective of this study was to describe preliminary experience with moclobemide in the treatment of depressive disorders in the University outpatient clinic in Malaysia. Twenty patients who satisfied DSM III R criteria for depressive disorders and scored more than 16 on the Hamilton Rating Depression Score at the initial interview were recruited into this open study. The primary diagnosis of 4 patients was later ascertained to be panic disorder(2), schizophrenia(1) and social phobia(1). Patients rated themselves as improved by first follow up (7-14 days), and rated their depression as very mild to mild by the third follow up visit (ie at a mean of 46 days). Side effects were minimal and compliance good.

Study site: outpatient psychiatric clinic at the General Hospital, Kuala
Lumpur.

Matched MeSH terms: Depressive Disorder/drug therapy*

Religious psychotherapy in depressive patients

Azhar MZ, Varma SL

Psychother Psychosom, 1995;63(3-4):165-8.

PMID: 7624461

This study was conducted to explore the outcome of psychotherapy in ethnic Malays with strong religious and cultural background. The patients were divided into two groups. The study and control groups consisted of 32 depressed patient each. In the study group brief psychotherapy of 15-20 sessions was attempted with the addition of a religious perspective, while in the control group the religious perspective was omitted. Patients in the study group showed more rapid improvement in the initial 3 months of the study period than those in the control group, but at the end of the 6 months the difference became nonsignificant.

Matched MeSH terms: Depressive Disorder/psychology; Depressive Disorder/therapy*

Psychiatric morbidity in the first-degree relatives of schizophrenic patients

Varma SL, Zain AM, Singh S

Am. J. Med. Genet., 1997 Feb 21;74(1):7-11.

PMID: 9033998

There is increasing evidence that genetic factors play a role in the etiology of schizophrenic disorders. One thousand eighty-nine first-degree relatives of schizophrenics and 1,137 controls were studied to discover their psychiatric morbidity. Psychiatric morbidity was found in 16.34% of the first-degree relatives (FDR) of schizophrenics (parents, 5.69%; siblings, 7.71%; offspring, 2.94%) as compared to 6.9% in the controls (P < 0.001). Schizophrenia was found in 8.3% of the patient group, which was significantly higher (0.2%) as compared to the controls. Schizoid-schizotypal personality disorder was found in 3.03% of FDRs of the schizophrenic group. Depressive disorder was found in 4.4% and 2.1% in the control and patient group, respectively, which was statistically significant. Morbidity risk of schizophrenia was found in 16.97%, 6.22% and 5.79% of schizophrenia, schizoid-schizotypal personality disorder and depressive disorder, respectively, in the FDR of schizophrenic group.

Matched MeSH terms: Depressive Disorder/etiology; Depressive Disorder/epidemiology

Fulltext Psychiatric problems among the elderly in Malaysia

Krishnaswamy S

Med J Malaysia, 1997 Sep;52(3):222-5.

PMID: 10968089

Matched MeSH terms: Depressive Disorder/epidemiology*

Disability in schizophrenia and mood disorders in a developing country

Rahman MB, Indran SK

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 1997 Oct;32(7):387-90.

PMID: 9383969

The aim of this study was to investigate how the prevalence and severity of psychiatric disabilities in patients with chronic schizophrenia compares with that in patients with chronic mood disorders. A total of 128 patients, 80 with chronic schizophrenia and 48 with chronic mood disorders as confirmed by DSM-III-R, were examined using the World Health Organization Psychiatric Disability Assessment Schedule (WHO/ DAS). There were no significant differences in the prevalence and severity of disabilities between the two disorders. Two-thirds of the patients with chronic schizophrenia and over half the patients with chronic mood disorders had dysfunctional behaviour and experienced significant disabilities. The prevalence of disabilities among these Malaysian patients was not markedly different from that seen in developed countries, suggesting that the prognosis in developing countries may not be as favourable as previously thought.

Matched MeSH terms: Depressive Disorder/epidemiology*; Depressive Disorder/psychology

Detection of polymorphonuclear leukocyte dysfunctioin via chemilumi-nescence assay in children with recurrent bacterial infections

Noah, R.M., Yusuff, Z., Jais, M.R., Noh, L.M.

Malaysian Journal of Child Health, 1997;9(2):170-173.

MyJurnal

Chemiluminescence assay was used to assess the respiratory burst activities of polymorpho-nuclear leukocytes from paediatric patients reported to manifest with several episodes of recurrent bacterial infections. From this group of patients evaluated, only 10 cases of severe recurrent bacterial abscess exhibited more than 80% depression in the phagocytic chemilumi-nescence responses. The assay, being a sensitive method, was able to provide further useful laboratory investigation in diagnosing 4 patients with chronic granulomatous disease.

Matched MeSH terms: Depressive Disorder

Religious--sociocultural psychotherapy in patients with anxiety and depression

Razali SM, Hasanah CI, Aminah K, Subramaniam M

Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 1998 Dec;32(6):867-72.

PMID: 10084352

To show the effectiveness of incorporating religious-sociocultural components in the management of patients with generalised anxiety disorders and major depression who have strong religious and cultural backgrounds as compared with a normal psychotherapeutic approach.

Matched MeSH terms: Depressive Disorder/psychology; Depressive Disorder/therapy*

Cost-effectiveness of cyclic antidepressants in a developing country

Razali SM, Hasanah CI

Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 1999 Apr;33(2):283-4.

PMID: 10336231

Matched MeSH terms: Depressive Disorder/drug therapy*

The psychological effects of treatments for lower urinary tract symptoms

Quek KF, Low WY, Razack AH, Loh CS

BJU Int, 2000 Oct;86(6):630-3.

PMID: 11069367

OBJECTIVE: To assess and evaluate the level of depression, anxiety and psychiatric status in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) before and after treatment by surgery or drugs.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included 123 patients (mean age 64.6 years, SD 7. 95) with LUTS who were treated medically (with alpha-blockers, i.e. terazosin, prazosin, doxazosin and alfuzosin), and 52 patients (mean age 69.6 years, SD 7.94) with LUTS and confirmed to have benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Both groups were assessed at baseline and 3 months after treatment using standardized questionnaires (the Beck Depression Inventory, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the General Health Questionnaire-12).

RESULTS: Patients before TURP were significantly more depressed, worried and psychiatrically morbid than were those before medical treatment. Three months after medical and surgical treatment, there was significantly less depression, anxiety and psychiatric morbidity in the TURP than in the medication group.

CONCLUSIONS: TURP is a better treatment than medication for minimising anxiety, depression and psychiatric morbidity after treatment in patients with LUTS, but causes greater psychological stress before treatment.

Matched MeSH terms: Depressive Disorder/etiology*

Fulltext Beck Depression Inventory (BDI): a reliability and validity test in the Malaysian urological population

Quek KF, Low WY, Razack AH, Loh CS

Med J Malaysia, 2001 Sep;56(3):285-92.

PMID: 11732072

This study aimed to validate the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) in the Malaysian urological population. Reliability and internal consistency were evaluated using the test-retest method and internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. Responsiveness was expressed as the effect size. Internal consistency was high (Cronbach's alpha value = 0.56 to 0.87). Test-retest correlation coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient were significant (ICC = 0.56 to 0.87) and a high degree of sensitivity and specificity. The BDI is thus a reliable and a valid instrument to be used in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Depressive Disorder/diagnosis*

The prevalence of depression among elderly patients attending a rural primary health care clinic

Mohd Noor N, Mohd Sidik S

Family Physician, 2003;12:30-35.

Introduction: Depression is an important problem in primary care practice and is the commonest psychiatric disorder among the elderly.
Aim: To assess the prevalence of depression among the elderly patients attending a rural primary health care clinic in Malaysia and to identify its associated factors.
Method: The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) questionnaire was used as a screening instrument. Patients with positive GDS scores for depression were further assessed for Major Depression.
Results: 14% of the patients were found to have depression. The associated factors identified were gender, marital status, educational level, total family monthly income, living arrangement and if they had someone to confide in. Further clinical evaluation using the DSM IV Criteria for major depression revealed that two-thirds of the patients with depression were suffering from major depression.
Conclusion: The prevalence of depression among the elderly patients at a rural primary health care clinic was high. Primary health care doctors and staff should take extra care to detect depression when managing elderly patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Depressive Disorder, Major

Fulltext Physical and mental health problems of the elderly in a rural community of Sepang, Selangor

Mohd Sidik S, Rampal L, Afifi M

Malays J Med Sci, 2004 Jan;11(1):52-9.

PMID: 22977360 MyJurnal

The prevalence of aging population is increasing not only in developed countries, but also in developing countries like Malaysia. The aim of this study was: (1) to determine the prevalence of physical and mental health problems, and (2) to determine the association of these health problems with socio demographic factors among the elderly in a rural community in Sepang, Selangor. A cross sectional study design was used. Five out of nine villages were selected via random sampling. The elderly in the selected villages were interviewed using a pre-tested structured questionnaire which included the GDS-30, ECAQ and Barthel Index. Out of 263 elderly residents (6.2% of the total population), 223 agreed to participate in the study giving a response rate of 84.8%. The mean age of the respondents was 69.7 + 6.8 years with a median of 68 years. The prevalence of physical health problems such as chronic illness and functional dependence were 60.1% and 15.7%, respectively. While the prevalence of mental health problems such as depression and cognitive impairment were 7.6% and 22.4%, respectively. Among the health problems studied, depression was found to be significantly associated with unemployment (p<0.05), where as cognitive impairment was significantly associated with age, gender, ethnicity, marital status and level of education (p<0.05).

Matched MeSH terms: Depressive Disorder

A population study of the association between sexual function, sexual satisfaction and depressive symptoms in men

Nicolosi A, Moreira ED, Villa M, Glasser DB

J Affect Disord, 2004 Oct 15;82(2):235-43.

PMID: 15488252 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2003.12.008

BACKGROUND:
Depression and erectile dysfunction (ED) have a complex and bi-directional relationship. We examined the relationships between erectile dysfunction and depressive symptoms or diagnosed depression, sexual activity and sexual satisfaction.

METHODS:
A population survey of men aged 40-70 years was carried out in Brazil, Italy, Japan and Malaysia in 1997-1998. A questionnaire was used to collect life style, sexual behaviors and medical data. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. ED was classified as moderate or complete if the men reported they were "sometimes" or "never" able to achieve and maintain an erection satisfactory for sexual intercourse. Only men with a sexual partner and not taking psychoactive drugs were considered.

RESULTS:
Diagnosed depression was reported by 2.0% of the men, depressive symptoms by 21.0%. The prevalence of moderate or complete ED was 17.8%. Sexual satisfaction related to the frequency of sexual intercourse and inversely related to depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms were positively associated with being single (odds ratio [OR] 1.7), widowed, separated or divorced (OR 2.2), moderate or complete ED (1.8), heart disease (1.6) and smoking (1.6), and negatively associated with age, physical activity and frequency of sexual intercourse.

LIMITATIONS:
Cross-sectional studies cannot establish a temporal cause-effect relationship. However, the confirmation of known associations reassures about the validity of the original findings.

CONCLUSIONS:
The findings suggest that depressive symptoms are linked to ED by the mediation of decreased sexual activity and the dissatisfaction generated by the inability to have a healthy sexual life.

Matched MeSH terms: Depressive Disorder/diagnosis; Depressive Disorder/epidemiology*; Depressive Disorder/psychology

Depression in the young, parental depression and parenting stress

Tan S, Rey J

Australas Psychiatry, 2005 Mar;13(1):76-9.

PMID: 15777418

To examine the relationship between depression in children and adolescents, parental depression and parenting stress.

Matched MeSH terms: Depressive Disorder, Major/diagnosis; Depressive Disorder, Major/psychology*

Prevalence of and factors associated with poststroke depression: a Malaysian study

Glamcevski MT, Pierson J

J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis, 2005 Jul-Aug;14(4):157-61.

PMID: 17904018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2005.03.006

This study investigated the prevalence of depression 3-6 months poststroke and examined specific factors associated with depression in a stroke population of the University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It was hypothesised that poststroke depression (PSD) is prevalent in the poststroke population of University Hospital Malaysia and that PSD is significantly correlated with demographics, educational background, medical history, rehabilitation attendance, traditional medicine use, prestroke and poststroke activities, religiousness, activities of daily living, and social support. The study group comprised 80 patients admitted to the hospital with stroke of any etiology. Mean patient age was 56.8 years (standard deviation +/- 12.5 years). The results were derived by comparing the 80 stroke patients with 80 controls matched for age, sex, race, and medication use. Results were also derived from comparisons between depressed and nondepressed members of the stroke population (n = 80). The diagnosis of depression was based on the Zung Self-Rating Scale and confirmed by a psychiatrist, based on DSM-IV criteria. Interviews were conducted based on a 26-item questionnaire, modified Barthel Index, and Social Resources Scale were used to assess which factors correlated with depression. Depression was found to be common among Malaysians 3-6 months after stroke. A total of 66% of the patients were depressed, with depression considered mild in 51% and moderate to severe in 15%. It was demonstrated that the occurrence of depression was significantly correlated with age, ethnicity, noncontinuance of prestroke lifestyles, and poor performance in the activities of daily living rating.

Matched MeSH terms: Depressive Disorder

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