MyMedR

m-Health for Early Detection of Oral Cancer in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Haron N, Zain RB, Ramanathan A, Abraham MT, Liew CS, Ng KG, et al.

Telemed J E Health, 2020 03;26(3):278-285.

PMID: 31081720 DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2018.0285

Background:
Up to 86% of oral cancer (OC) patients present at the late stage where survival is dismal. Limited access to specialist diagnosis is a significant factor for late presentation. The increasing use of smartphones presents an opportunity to use digital technology to facilitate early detection of OC.
Aim:
To evaluate the feasibility of using Mobile Mouth Screening Anywhere (MeMoSA®) to facilitate early detection of OC.
Methods:
A mobile phone app named MeMoSA was developed and the feasibility of integrating this for documentation of oral lesions, and communication between dentists and specialists for management decisions were evaluated. The experience of dentists and specialists in using MeMoSA was determined using qualitative questionnaires.
Results:
Communication between specialist and dentists using MeMoSA stratified cases and streamlined referral of patients. Twelve of 48 patients were found to have oral lesions or signs suspicious of cancer and 3 required referrals. The patient's compliance for referral was tracked with MeMoSA. All dentists agreed that MeMoSA could facilitate early detection of OC and believed that MeMoSA could assist in the identification of oral mucosal lesions through direct communication with specialists and continuous learning in the recognition of high-risk lesions.
Conclusions:
MeMoSA has the potential to be used to promote equitable health care and streamline patient management that could result in early detection of OC.

Matched MeSH terms: Developing Countries

[[Multihouseholdcompounds in a Malay village in Kelantan, 1971-1991]]

Tsubouchi Y

Tonan Ajia Kenkyu, 1993 Jun;31(1):3-17.

PMID: 12157851

The author describes changes in the size and characteristics of multiple-household compounds in Kelantan, Malaysia, during the period 1971-1991. It is found that "in Malay villages, multihouseholdcompounds were in earlier times...based on a bilateral residence rule in which one or more children, either male or female, would stay in the compound of their parents....A recent trend has been for more females to remain in the parental compound than males, reflecting the orientation toward independence among the males." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Matched MeSH terms: Developing Countries

[[Changes in population and households in a Malay village, 1971-1991]]

Tsubouchi Y

Tonan Ajia Kenkyu, 1992 Sep;30(2):192-212.

PMID: 12157850

"The Malay village of Galok in Kelantan was revisited [in]...1991 to investigate the changes in the population and households in the 20 years since the first intensive community study was conducted there in 1970/71. Major economic activities in 1970/71 were paddy cultivation in rain-fed fields, small scale rubber tapping, and newly introduced tobacco cultivation. The village's population increased from 690 in 1971 to 1,100 in 1991, and the number of households from 145 to 211. Despite the increase in population and households, the households cultivating paddy decreased from 71 to 36, those tapping rubber from 94 to 53, and those growing tobacco from 124 to 40, while regular employment, irregular wage labor in the surrounding areas, and temporary migratory work in Singapore increased remarkably. Many people moved out of the village and many others moved in. Though the former exceed the latter in number, the village population is still increasing owing to the high fertility...." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Matched MeSH terms: Developing Countries

[The social status of women. For a new world order]

Gauffenic A

Tiers Monde, 1985 Apr-Jun;26(102):273-81.

PMID: 12340318

Matched MeSH terms: Developing Countries

[The estimation of the expectation of life in the case of truncation of the survivorship function at older ages: some considerations]

Lombardo E

Genus, 1983 Jan-Dec;39(1-4):167-73.

PMID: 12266118

"A tentative approximation of the expectation of life at 60-65 years, for populations with defective demographic statistics, is explored and expounded on the basis of a recent Horiuchi and [Coale] paper." The method is applied to data for El Salvador, Mexico, Puerto Rico, and Peninsular Malaysia, and it is shown that the method can be used on actual data, although it requires some drastic rounding off. (summary in ENG, FRE)

Matched MeSH terms: Developing Countries

[Population policy in some Asian countries]

Concepcion M

Rev Bras Estud Popul, 1987 Jan-Jul;4(1):61-76.

PMID: 12280935

Matched MeSH terms: Developing Countries

[Population growth and mortality decline in Southeast Asia]

Kobayashi K

Tonan Ajia Kenkyu, 1982 Sep;20(2):143-67.

PMID: 12312334

Matched MeSH terms: Developing Countries

[On the mobile character of the Malay village population: a feature of the post-settlement population of Galok, Kelantan]

Tsubouchi Y

Tonan Ajia Kenkyu, 1987 Dec;25(3):164-75.

PMID: 12157843

The author examines migration trends in Malay villages. "This report deals with the case of Galok, a settlement opened in the last decade of nineteenth century about 40 kilometers up the Kelantan River, based on field data collected in 1970/71 and 1984." The low rate of population growth due to migration is analyzed, with a focus on the impact of rural-urban migration and changes in household composition. (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Matched MeSH terms: Developing Countries

[ORGANIZATION OF A PSYCHIATRIC HEALTH SERVICE IN AN UNDERDEVELOPED COUNTRY OF SOUTHEAST ASIA (SARAWAK)]

SCHMIDT KE

Nervenarzt, 1963 Sep;34:397-401.

PMID: 14163217

Matched MeSH terms: Developing Countries*

[Muscular sarcocystosis after travel to Malaysia: a case series from Germany]

Slesak G, Tappe D, Keller C, Cramer J, Güthoff W, Zanger P, et al.

Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr., 2014 May;139(19):990-5.

PMID: 24782151 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1370004

Since 2011, about 100 travellers to the island of Tioman, Malaysia, have been diagnosed worldwide with suspected muscular sarcocystosis, a previously only sporadically observed parasitic disease. Source of infection and therapy remain unclear. Final diagnosis requires microscopic identification of cysts in muscle biopsies. The study objective was a systematic description of characteristic symptoms, laboratory investigations and treatment response.

Matched MeSH terms: Developing Countries*

[Multi-household compound and family circle]

Kuchiba M, Maeda N

Tonan Ajia Kenkyu, 1980 Sep;18(2):186-205.

PMID: 12265219

PIP: The nature of the family in Southeast Asia is examined by reviewing the work of Koichi Mizuno on multi-household compounds in Northeast Thailand in comparison with groupings among Kedah Malays. The authors conclude that the family among Thais and Malays is a flexible, social circle of interwoven dyadic relations and that it can take a variety of grouping pattterns according to circumstances

Matched MeSH terms: Developing Countries

[Military medicine in newly developing nations]

SENDUK

Med J Malaya, 1961 Dec;16:144-50.

PMID: 13910647

Matched MeSH terms: Developing Countries*

[Malaysia viewed from the eyes of an occupational health expert on JICA short-term dispatch program]

Kishi R

Hokkaido Igaku Zasshi, 2003 May;78(3):263-5.

PMID: 12795178

Matched MeSH terms: Developing Countries

[Malay women as producers and managers]

Massard J

Tiers Monde, 1985 4 1;26(102):359-70.

PMID: 12340322

Matched MeSH terms: Developing Countries

[Fertility trends and socioeconomic development in the Philippines]

Nebenfuhr E

Demogr Inf, 1991;?(?):48-52, 154.

PMID: 12343124

PIP:
In the Philippines the number of children per woman is envisioned to be 2 by the year 2000 to reach simple replacement level. The crude birth rate had dropped from 43.6% in 1960 to 32.3% during 1980-85 corresponding to 4.2 children/woman. However, the corresponding rates for Thailand and Malaysia were 28% and 32.1%, respectively. The total fertility rate (TFR) was still a high 4.7% in 1988. In 1980 TFR was 3 in Manila, but 3/4 of the provinces still had TFR of 5-6.8 in 1985. Yet the World Fertility Survey of 1970 indicated that the total married fertility rate had decreased from 9.6 in 1970 to 9.1 in 1977. Married women had an average of 4.5 children in 1968 and still 4 children in 1983. Only 1/2 of married women aged 15-45 used contraception. In 1983, only 26.2% of all fertile married women used effective contraception. 63% of Moslim women, 70% of Catholics and Protestants, and 83% of members of the Church of Christ advocate modern contraceptives. From 1967 the National Population Outreach Program of the state sent out family planning advisers to unserviced areas. In 1983 only 37% of married women knew about such a service within their locality, and in 1988 a World Bank investigation showed that 67% could not afford contraceptives. The education, employment, income, urbanization of the household as well as medical care of women and children strongly influenced reproduction. The lifting of living standards and improvement of the condition of women is a central tenet of Philippine family planning policy. A multiple regression analysis of the World Fertility Survey proved that professional women tended to have smaller family size, however, most women worked out of economic necessity not because of avocation. The higher the urban family income, the lower marital fertility; but the reverse is true in rural areas where traditionally large families have had more income, and children have provided future material security. In 1983 1/3 of women with children over 18 received regular financial remittances from them. Thus, appropriate family planning program evaluation has to be concerned with the relationships of fertility and rural areas, the economic development of the community, and the physical access to a family planning clinic.

Matched MeSH terms: Developing Countries

[Family planning programs and birth control in the third world]

Wohlschlagl H

Demogr Inf, 1991;?:17-34, 153.

PMID: 12343122

PIP: The population explosion has been abating since the 2nd half of the 1960s. The birth rate of the 3rd World dropped from 45/1000 during 1950-55 to 31/1000 during 1985-90. From the 1st half of the 1960s to the 1st half of the 1980s the total fertility of such countries dropped from 6.1 to 4.2 children/woman. In Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong, South Korea, and Malaysia living standards improved as a result of industrialization, and fertility decreased significantly. In Sri Lanka, China, North Vietnam, and Thailand the drop of fertility is explained by cultural and religious factors. In 1982 about 78% of the population of developing countries lived in 39 states that followed an official policy aimed at reducing the population. Another 16% lived in countries supporting the concept of a desired family size. However, World Bank data showed that in the mid-1980s in 27 developing countries no state family planning (FP) programs existed. India adopted an official FP program in 1952, Pakistan followed suit in 1960, South Korea in 1961, and China in 1962. In Latin America a split policy manifested itself: in Brazil birth control was rejected, only Colombia had a FP policy. In 1986 the governments of 68 of 131 developing countries representing 3.1 billion people considered the number of children per woman too high. 31 of these countries followed concrete population control policies. On the other hand, in 1986 24 countries of Africa with 40% of the continent's population took no measures to influence population growth. In Latin America and the Caribbean 18 of 33 countries were idle, except for Mexico that had a massive state FP program. These programs also improve maternal and child health with birth spacing of at least 2 years, and the prevention of pregnancies of too young women or those over 40. The evaluation of rapidly spreading FP programs in the 1970s was carried out by the World Fertility Survey in 41 countries. The impact of FP programs was more substantial than socioeconomic factors. Contraceptive use increased in Mexico from 13% in 1973 to 41% in 1978 among women of fertile age. According to 1984 and 1988 UN data modern methods of contraception were used by 70% of women in China, 60-65% in Southeast Asia, Costa Rica, and Puerto Rico. In contrast, less than 5% used them in most countries of Africa, 15-20% in West Asia, 25-30% in South Asia, and 40% in Latin America. The pill was the most popular method. From the early 1980s in South and East Asia 1/5 of women got sterilized after attaining the desired family size. Less than 10% of women used IUDs in developing countries. FP programs have benefited from higher education levels and economic incentives and sanctions and exemplified in Singapore, China, South Korea, Thailand, and Taiwan.

Matched MeSH terms: Developing Countries*

[Extension of the coverage of hygiene by recourse to traditional birth attendants: evaluation of a decade]

Soins Pathol Trop, 1983 Mar-Apr.

PMID: 6552756

Matched MeSH terms: Developing Countries*

[Demographic measurements as indicators? Population development in Malaysia and Nigeria compared]

Corvinus F

Geogr Rundsch, 1984 Nov;36(11):575-81.

PMID: 12313492

Matched MeSH terms: Developing Countries

Workstyle and Musculoskeletal Discomfort (MSD): Exploring the Influence of Work Culture in Malaysia

Maakip I, Keegel T, Oakman J

J Occup Rehabil, 2015 Dec;25(4):696-706.

PMID: 25808991 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-015-9577-2

PURPOSE: Workstyle can be defined as an individual pattern of cognitions, behaviours and physiological reactivity that can occur while performing job tasks. Workstyle has been associated with the development of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) amongst office workers in developed countries. However, little is known about the contribution of workstyle on MSDs in developing countries such as Malaysia. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to examine the relationship between workstyle and musculoskeletal discomfort in a sample of office workers in Malaysia.

METHODS: Office workers (N = 417; response rate 65.5 %) from four organisations completed a survey measuring physical and psychosocial hazards, job satisfaction, work-life balance, workstyle, and MSD discomfort levels. Hierarchical regression analyses were undertaken to examine predictors associated with self-reported musculoskeletal discomfort, and more specifically the relationship between workstyle and MSD discomfort.

RESULTS: Musculoskeletal discomfort was significantly associated with working through pain, mental health, physical demands, gender and work-life balance (R (2) = 50.2, adjusted R (2) = 0.48; F (13, 324) = 25.09, p = 0.001). Working through pain is the strongest risk factor associated with MSD discomfort (ß = 0.49, p = 0.001) compared to other potential risk factors.

CONCLUSIONS: Working through pain is influenced by work, social culture and religious beliefs. Workplace MSDs interventions that focus on the impact of physical and psychosocial hazards with emphasis on addressing adverse workstyles should take into account aspects related to work and social culture of the target population. Changes are recommended at both employee and management levels such as better communications and understanding concerning workplace problems with regards to minimizing MSDs at work.

Matched MeSH terms: Developing Countries

Fulltext Work place violence (WPV) against healthcare workers in Africa: A systematic review

Njaka S, Edeogu OC, Oko CC, Goni MD, Nkadi N

Heliyon, 2020 Sep;6(9):e04800.

PMID: 32964153 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04800

Background: WPV amongst healthcare workers has been reported as a public health challenge across the countries of the world, with more in the developing countries where condition of care and service is very poor.

Objectives: We aimed to systematically produce empirical evidence on the WPV against health care workers in Africa through the review of relevant literature.

Method: We sourced for evidence through the following databases: PubMed, Science direct and Scopus from 30th November to 31st December 2019 as well as the reference list of the studies included. A total of 22 peer reviewed articles were included in the review (8065 respondents). Quality appraisal of the included studies was assessed using critical appraisal tools for cross-sectional studies.

Result: Across the studies, diverse but high prevalence of WPV ranging from 9% to 100% was reported with the highest in South Africa (54%-100%) and Egypt (59.7%-86.1%). The common types were verbal, physical, sexual harassment and psychological violence. The correlates of WPV reported were gender, age, shift duty, emergency unit, psychiatric unit, nursing, marital status and others. Various impacts were reported including psychological impacts and desire to quit nursing. Patients and their relatives, the coworkers and supervisors were the mostly reported perpetrators of violence. Doctors were mostly implicated in the sexual violence against nurses. Policy on violence and management strategies were non-existent across the studies.

Conclusion: High prevalence of WPV against healthcare workers exists in Africa but there is still paucity of research on the subject matter. However, urgent measures like policy formulation and others must be taken to address the WPV as to avert the impact on the healthcare system.

Matched MeSH terms: Developing Countries

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