Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 197 in total

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  1. Aravind SR, Al Tayeb K, Ismail SB, Shehadeh N, Kaddaha G, Liu R, et al.
    Curr Med Res Opin, 2011 Jun;27(6):1237-42.
    PMID: 21506631 DOI: 10.1185/03007995.2011.578245
    To determine the incidence of hypoglycaemia during Ramadan in Muslim subjects with type 2 diabetes treated with a sulphonylurea.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy*
  2. Tourkmani AM, Alharbi TJ, Bin Rsheed AM, AlRasheed AN, AlBattal SM, Abdelhay O, et al.
    Diabetes Metab Syndr, 2018 08 02;13(1):161-165.
    PMID: 30641690 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2018.07.012
    AIMS: To examine the impact of Ramadan Focused Education Program (RFEP) on medications adjustment in type 2 diabetes patients in Ramadan.

    METHODS: This is a controlled, intervention based study. It was run on three phases: before, during, and after Ramadan on 262 type 2 diabetes patients. The intervention group (n = 140) received RFEP on medications doses & timing adjustment before and after Ramadan, while the control group (n = 122) received standard care.

    RESULTS: The dose of insulin glargine was reduced from 42.51 ± 22.16 at the baseline to 40.11 ± 18.51-units during Ramadan (p = 0.002) in the intervention group while it remained the same in the control group before Ramadan and during Ramadan (38.51 ± 18.63 and 38.14 ± 18.46, P = 0.428, respectively). The hypoglycemia score was 14.2 ± (8.5) pre-Ramadan in the intervention and reduced to 6.36 ± 6.17 during Ramadan (p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy*
  3. Abbasi MA, Rehman A, Siddiqui SZ, Hadi N, Mumtaz A, Shah SAA, et al.
    Pak J Pharm Sci, 2019 Jan;32(1):61-68.
    PMID: 30772791
    In the current research work, a series of new N-(alkyl/aralkyl)-N-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxan-6-yl)-4-chlorobenzenesulfonamides has been synthesized by reacting 1,4-benzozzdioxan-6-amine (1) with 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride (2) to yield N-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxan-6-yl)-4-chlorobenzenesulfonamide (3) which was further reacted with different alkyl/aralkyl halides (4a-n) to afford the target compounds (5a-n). Structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H-NMR, EI-MS spectral techniques and CHN analysis data. The results of enzyme inhibition showed that the molecules, N-2-phenethyl-N-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-4-chlorobenzenesulfonamide (5j) and N-(1-butyl)-N-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-4-chlorobenzenesulfonamide (5d), exhibited moderate inhibitory potential against acetylcholinesterase with IC50 values 26.25±0.11 μM and 58.13±0.15 μM respectively, whereas, compounds N-benzyl-N-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-4-chlorobenzenesulfonamide (5i) and N-(pentane-2-yl)-N-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-4-chlorobenzenesulfonamide (5f) showed moderate inhibition against α-glucosidase enzyme as evident from IC50 values 74.52±0.07 and 83.52±0.08 μM respectively, relative to standards Eserine having IC50 value of 0.04±0.0001 μM for cholinesterases and Acarbose having IC50 value 38.25±0.12 μM for α-glucosidase, respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy*
  4. Rahman S, Ismail AA, Ismail SB, Naing NN, Abdul Rahman AR
    Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 2007 Aug;63(8):733-41.
    PMID: 17565489 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-007-0315-3
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether pharmacological interventions with rosiglitazone/ramipril can reverse preclinical vasculopathy in newly diagnosed untreated patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).

    METHODS: In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 33 T2DM and 33 IGT patients were randomised to 4 mg rosiglitazone or 5 mg ramipril or placebo for 1 year. The subjects were newly diagnosed, untreated, normotensive, nonobese, nonsmoker, and nonhyperlipidaemic. Haemodynamic variables were measured at three treatment phases and pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AI) were measured throughout the treatment period.

    RESULTS: Rosiglitazone showed a significant reduction in PWV (p=0.039) and AI (p=0.031) and ramipril demonstrated a significant reduction of AI (p=0.025) in IGT in comparison to placebo on the 12th month of treatment. No significant difference was observed in PWV and AI in T2DM with rosiglitazone/ramipril in comparison to placebo during overall treatment period.

    CONCLUSIONS: Rosiglitazone significantly reversed preclinical vasculopathy in IGT as evident by significant decrease in PWV and AI after 1 year of treatment. Ramipril also reduced large artery stiffness as shown by significant decrease of AI after 1 year of treatment in IGT. Further trials are needed for a longer period of time, maybe with higher doses, to show whether rosiglitazone/ramipril can reverse preclinical vasculopathy in T2DM.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy*
  5. Hatah E, Rahim N, Makmor-Bakry M, Mohamed Shah N, Mohamad N, Ahmad M, et al.
    PLoS One, 2020;15(11):e0241909.
    PMID: 33157549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241909
    Medication non-adherence remains a significant barrier in achieving better health outcomes for patients with chronic diseases. Previous self-reported medication adherence tools were not developed in the context of the Malaysia population. The most commonly used tool, MMAS-8, is no longer economical because it requires a license and currently every form used is charged. Hence, there is a need to develop and validate a new medication adherence tool. The Malaysia Medication Adherence Assessment Tool (MyMAAT) was developed by a multidisciplinary team with expertise in medication adherence and health literacy. The face and content validities of the MyMAAT was established by a panel of experts. A total of 495 patients with type 2 diabetes were recruited from the Ministry of Health facilities consisting of five hospitals and five primary health clinics. A test-retest was conducted on 42 of the patients one week following their first data collection. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to evaluate the validity of the MyMAAT. The final item for MyMAAT was compared with SEAMS, HbA1c%, Medication Possession ratio (MPR) score, and pharmacist's subjective assessment for its hypothesis testing validity. The MyMAAT-12 achieved acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.910) and stable reliability as the test-retest score showed good to excellent correlation (Spearman's rho = 0.96, p = 0.001). The MyMAAT has significant moderate association with SEAMS (Spearman's rho = 0.44, p = < 0.001) and significant relationship with HbA1c (< 8% and ≥ 8%) (χ2(1) = 13.4, p < 0.001), MPR (χ2(1) = 13.6, p < 0.001) and pharmacist's subjective assessment categories (χ2(1) = 31, p < 0.001). The sensitivity of MyMAAT-12, tested against HbA1c% was 72.9% while its specificity was 43%. This study demonstrates that the MyMAAT-12 together with other methods of assessment may make a better screening tool to identify patients who were non-adherence to their medications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy*
  6. Ellulu MS, Rahmat A, Patimah I, Khaza'ai H, Abed Y
    Drug Des Devel Ther, 2015;9:3405-12.
    PMID: 26170625 DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S83144
    Obesity is well associated as being an interfering factor in metabolic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes by increasing the secretion of proinflammatory markers from adipose tissue. Having healthy effects, vitamin C could work as an anti-inflammatory agent through its antioxidant capacity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy*
  7. Ahmed QU, Ali AHM, Mukhtar S, Alsharif MA, Parveen H, Sabere ASM, et al.
    Molecules, 2020 Nov 24;25(23).
    PMID: 33255206 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235491
    In recent years, there is emerging evidence that isoflavonoids, either dietary or obtained from traditional medicinal plants, could play an important role as a supplementary drug in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) due to their reported pronounced biological effects in relation to multiple metabolic factors associated with diabetes. Hence, in this regard, we have comprehensively reviewed the potential biological effects of isoflavonoids, particularly biochanin A, genistein, daidzein, glycitein, and formononetin on metabolic disorders and long-term complications induced by T2DM in order to understand whether they can be future candidates as a safe antidiabetic agent. Based on in-depth in vitro and in vivo studies evaluations, isoflavonoids have been found to activate gene expression through the stimulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) (α, γ), modulate carbohydrate metabolism, regulate hyperglycemia, induce dyslipidemia, lessen insulin resistance, and modify adipocyte differentiation and tissue metabolism. Moreover, these natural compounds have also been found to attenuate oxidative stress through the oxidative signaling process and inflammatory mechanism. Hence, isoflavonoids have been envisioned to be able to prevent and slow down the progression of long-term diabetes complications including cardiovascular disease, nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy. Further thoroughgoing investigations in human clinical studies are strongly recommended to obtain the optimum and specific dose and regimen required for supplementation with isoflavonoids and derivatives in diabetic patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
  8. Munsour EE, Awaisu A, Hassali MAA, Abdoun E, Dabbous Z, Zahran N, et al.
    Int J Clin Pract, 2020 Aug;74(8):e13527.
    PMID: 32386077 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.13527
    INTRODUCTION: In patients with diabetes, better health communication is associated with better health outcomes including medication adherence and glycaemic control. The conventional patient information leaflet does not consider the cultural and behavioral perspectives of diverse patient populations. Consumer medicine information (CMI) is a written information about the prescription drugs developed by organisations or individuals other than a drug manufacturer that is intended for distribution to consumers at the time of medication dispensing.

    OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of CMI on medication adherence and glycaemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes in Qatar.

    METHODS: We developed and customised CMI for all the anti-diabetic medications used in Qatar. A randomised controlled trial in which the intervention group patients (n = 66) received the customised CMI with usual care, while the control group patients (n = 74) received usual care only, was conducted. Self-reported medication adherence and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c ) were the primary outcome measures. Glycaemic control and medication adherence parameters were measured at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months in both groups. Medication adherence was measured using the 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8).

    RESULTS: Although the addition of CMI resulted in better glycaemic control, this did not reach statistical significance, possibly because of the short-term follow-up. The median MMAS-8 score improved from baseline (6.6 [IQR = 1.5]) to 6-month follow-up (7.0 [IQR = 1.00]) in the intervention group. In addition, there was a statistically significant difference between the intervention and the control groups in terms of MMAS-8 score at the third visit (7.0 [IQR = 1.0]) vs 6.5 (IQR = 1.25; P-value = .010).

    CONCLUSION: CMI for anti-diabetic medications when added to usual care has the potential to improve medication adherence and glycaemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, providing better health communication and CMI to patients with diabetes is recommended.

    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy*
  9. Al-Fakih AM, Algamal ZY, Lee MH, Aziz M, Ali HTM
    SAR QSAR Environ Res, 2019 Jun;30(6):403-416.
    PMID: 31122062 DOI: 10.1080/1062936X.2019.1607899
    Time-varying binary gravitational search algorithm (TVBGSA) is proposed for predicting antidiabetic activity of 134 dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors. To improve the performance of the binary gravitational search algorithm (BGSA) method, we propose a dynamic time-varying transfer function. A new control parameter,
    μ
    , is added in the original transfer function as a time-varying variable. The TVBGSA-based model was internally and externally validated based on

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    , Y-randomization test, and applicability domain evaluation. The validation results indicate that the proposed TVBGSA model is robust and not due to chance correlation. The descriptor selection and prediction performance of TVBGSA outperform BGSA method. TVBGSA shows higher

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    compared to obtained results by BGSA, indicating the best prediction performance of the proposed TVBGSA model. The results clearly reveal that the proposed TVBGSA method is useful for constructing reliable and robust QSARs for predicting antidiabetic activity of DPP-IV inhibitors prior to designing and experimental synthesizing of new DPP-IV inhibitors.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
  10. Nazir SR, Hassali MA, Saleem F, Bashir S, Aljadhey H
    Pak J Pharm Sci, 2017 Nov;30(6):2159-2165.
    PMID: 29175785
    Patient adherence with a therapeutic regimen predicts successful treatment and reduces the severity of negative complications. The purpose of this work was to find the relationship between general Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and compliance to the treatment among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (T2DM) in Sargodha, Pakistan. The research was planned as a cross-sectional survey. T2DM patients attending a tertiary care institute in Sargodha, Pakistan were targeted for the study. The Urdu version of the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-Urdu) and EuroQol Quality of Life Scale were employed to evaluate adherence to treatment regimen and HRQoL correspondingly. Descriptive statistics were used for the elaboration of socio-demographic characteristics. The Spearman rank order test was employed to determine the relationship between medicine adherence and HRQoL. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. A total of 392 patients were selected for the survey. Most participants were males (n=222, 56.6%) with 5.58±4.09 years of history of T2DM. Majority of respondents (n=137, 34.9%) were categorized in age group of 51 to 60 years with mean age of 50.77±9.671 years. The present study highlighted that individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus had decreased HRQoL (0.4715±0.3360) and poor medication adherence (4.44±1.8). Significant, yet weak positive correlations were observed between medication adherence and HRQoL (r=0.217 and 0.136 for EQ-5D and EQVAS respectively). Although the association between adherence to therapeutic regimen and HRQoL in the present study cohort was significant, it was rated as weak, hence failed in producing an overall impression on quality of life. The study highlights the need of identifying other individual factors affecting HRQoL among T2DM patients in Pakistan.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy*
  11. Ugusman A, Kumar J, Aminuddin A
    Pharmacol Ther, 2021 08;224:107832.
    PMID: 33662450 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107832
    Diabetes mellitus is associated with endothelial dysfunction that leads to cardiovascular complications. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors demonstrated efficacy in glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients with positive cardiovascular outcome. Recent research revealed a link between SGLT2 inhibition and improved macro- and microvascular endothelial functions. Mechanisms underlying this phenomenon could be due to the role of SLGT2 in the regulation of endothelial physiology. In this review, current knowledge and hypothesis on the link between SGLT2 and endothelial function were critically appraised and the impact of SGLT2 inhibitors on endothelial dysfunction in pre-clinical and clinical studies was discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
  12. Gnanasan S, Ting KN, Wong KT, Mohd Ali S, Muttalif AR, Anderson C
    Int J Clin Pharm, 2011 Feb;33(1):44-52.
    PMID: 21365392 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-010-9452-3
    OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility of providing a pharmacist-led pharmaceutical care service to patients with tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus.

    SETTING: The study was conducted at a tertiary hospital in the northern region of Peninsular Malaysia. Methods Action research methodology was used.

    MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Pharmaceutical care issues.

    RESULTS: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus among newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients was 15% (53/352). Out of 53 patients identified, 35 participated in the study. Patients' ages ranged between 29 and 73 years (mean of 52 ± 10 years). The male: female ratio was 1.7:1. Pharmaceutical care issues identified by pharmacists were nonadherence, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, adverse drug reactions and individual patient's medication related problems. Pharmacists were able to intervene and resolve some of the pharmaceutical care issues.

    CONCLUSION: Pharmacists played an important role in integrating the provision of care for tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus by providing individualised pharmaceutical care management. There still remains a need to address logistic barriers that impinged on the ability to conduct the pharmaceutical care service to its full potential.

    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy*
  13. Alison C, Anselm S
    Med J Malaysia, 2020 05;75(3):246-253.
    PMID: 32467540
    INTRODUCTION: In Malaysia, Diabetes Medication Therapy Adherence Clinic (DMTAC) in hospital settings significantly improved patients' glycaemic control and cardiovascular risk. Until now no randomised controlled trial of DMTAC has been done in a primary care setting where the access to subspecialist services (endocrinologists, expensive medication, etc.) is limited. The objective of this research is to compare the glycaemic control among diabetes mellitus (DM) patients between those received additional DMTAC service and those received normal clinic service in primary care settings.
    MATERIALS AND METHOD: This was a parallel, randomised controlled study. The selected participants were patients aged 18 to 70 years with type 2 DM on diabetic medication who were being treated in Kota Samarahan Health Clinic with HbA1c above 8% and who never attended any education of DM prior to the study. The control group received normal clinic visits with consultations by a medical officer. The intervention group received four or more DMTAC visits in addition to normal clinic visits. The primary outcomes were HbA1c while the secondary outcomes were the occurrence of severe hypoglycaemia, weight gain and medication compliance of patients. The subjects were randomised by numbered envelope opened chronologically by the investigator during the initial assessment. All health care professionals (nurse, lab staff and medical officer) except DMTAC pharmacist managing the subjects were blinded as there were no markings on the patients notes indicating that they were in this study. The demographic data was collected during screening while health data including glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were collected at baseline, sixth month and one year.
    RESULTS: In all, 100 patients were randomised into control and intervention groups (n=50 per arm). The change of HbA1c in the intervention group (mean=-1.58) was significantly more than the control group (mean=-0.48) at 12 months with a mean difference of -1.10% (p=0.005, Cohen's d=0.627). Both study groups had similar significant changes of subjects from non-compliance to compliance (control group, n=11 vs. intervention group, n=10). The changes of BMI after 12 months between control group (0.24 kg/m2) and intervention group (0.24 kg/m2) was not significant (p=0.910). There were no episodes of severe hypoglycaemia detected in both groups.
    CONCLUSION: The addition of DMTAC service in primary care can improve glycaemic control among patients. The study was registered in the National Medical Research Register (Malaysia): NMRR-13-1449-18955.
    Study site: Klinik Kesihatan Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy*
  14. Issac PK, Guru A, Chandrakumar SS, Lite C, Saraswathi NT, Arasu MV, et al.
    Mol Biol Rep, 2020 Sep;47(9):6727-6740.
    PMID: 32809102 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05728-5
    Understanding the mechanism by which the exogenous biomolecule modulates the GLUT-4 signalling cascade along with the information on glucose metabolism is essential for finding solutions to increasing cases of diabetes and metabolic disease. This study aimed at investigating the effect of hamamelitannin on glycogen synthesis in an insulin resistance model using L6 myotubes. Glucose uptake was determined using 2-deoxy-D-[1-3H] glucose and glycogen synthesis were also estimated in L6 myotubes. The expression levels of key genes and proteins involved in the insulin-signaling pathway were determined using real-time PCR and western blot techniques. The cells treated with various concentrations of hamamelitannin (20 µM to 100 µM) for 24 h showed that, the exposure of hamamelitannin was not cytotoxic to L6 myotubes. Further the 2-deoxy-D-[1-3H] glucose uptake assay was carried out in the presence of wortmannin and Genistein inhibitor for studying the GLUT-4 dependent cell surface recruitment. Hamamelitannin exhibited anti-diabetic activity by displaying a significant increase in glucose uptake (125.1%) and glycogen storage (8.7 mM) in a dose-dependent manner. The optimum concentration evincing maximum activity was found to be 100 µm. In addition, the expression of key genes and proteins involved in the insulin signaling pathway was studied to be upregulated by hamamelitannin treatment. Western blot analysis confirmed the translocation of GLUT-4 protein from an intracellular pool to the plasma membrane. Therefore, it can be conceived that hamamelitannin exhibited an insulinomimetic effect by enhancing the glucose uptake and its further conversion into glycogen by regulating glucose metabolism.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
  15. Hajiaghaalipour F, Khalilpourfarshbafi M, Arya A
    Int J Biol Sci, 2015;11(5):508-24.
    PMID: 25892959 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.11241
    Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia due to insufficient or inefficient insulin secretory response. This chronic disease is a global problem and there is a need for greater emphasis on therapeutic strategies in the health system. Phytochemicals such as flavonoids have recently attracted attention as source materials for the development of new antidiabetic drugs or alternative therapy for the management of diabetes and its related complications. The antidiabetic potential of flavonoids are mainly through their modulatory effects on glucose transporter by enhancing GLUT-2 expression in pancreatic β cells and increasing expression and promoting translocation of GLUT-4 via PI3K/AKT, CAP/Cb1/TC10 and AMPK pathways. This review highlights the recent findings on beneficial effects of flavonoids in the management of diabetes with particular emphasis on the investigations that explore the role of these compounds in modulating glucose transporter proteins at cellular and molecular level.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
  16. Ali RB, Atangwho IJ, Kuar N, Ahmad M, Mahmud R, Asmawi MZ
    PMID: 23425283 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-39
    One vital therapeutic approach for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus is the use of agents that can decrease postprandial hyperglycaemia by inhibiting carbohydrate digesting enzymes. The present study investigated the effects of bioassay-guided extract and fractions of the dried fruit pericarp of Phaleria macrocarpa, a traditional anti-diabetic plant, on α-glucosidase and α-amylase, in a bid to understand their anti-diabetic mechanism, as well as their possible attenuation action on postprandial glucose increase.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
  17. Ablat A, Halabi MF, Mohamad J, Hasnan MH, Hazni H, Teh SH, et al.
    BMC Complement Altern Med, 2017 Feb 06;17(1):94.
    PMID: 28166749 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1610-x
    Brucea javanica (B. javanica) seeds, also known as "Melada pahit" in Indo-Malay region are traditionally used to treat diabetes. The objective of this study was to determine antidiabetic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of B. javanica seeds on nicotinamide (NA)-streptozotocin (STZ) induced type 2 diabetic (T2D) rats and to analyze its chemical composition that correlate with their pharmacological activities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy*
  18. Bebakar WM, Chow CC, Kadir KA, Suwanwalaikorn S, Vaz JA, Bech OM, et al.
    Diabetes Obes Metab, 2007 Sep;9(5):724-32.
    PMID: 17593237 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2007.00743.x
    Aim: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of adding biphasic insulin aspart 30 (BIAsp30; NovoMix 30) to existing oral antidiabetic agents (OADs) vs. optimizing OADs in a subgroup of Western Pacific patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on oral monotherapy or oral combination therapy.

    Methods: This 26-week, multi-centre, open-labelled, randomized, two-arm parallel trial consisted of a 2-week screening period, followed by 24 weeks of treatment. Subjects randomized to BIAsp30 treatment (n = 129) received BIAsp30 once daily (o.d.) at dinnertime between Week 2 and Week 14, and those not reaching treatment targets were switched to twice daily (b.i.d.) BIAsp30 at Week 14 (n = 50). Subjects randomized to the OAD-only arm (n = 63) continued with their previous OAD treatment and, in an attempt to reach treatment goals, the dose was optimized (but OAD unchanged) in accordance to local treatment practice and labelling.

    Results: Significantly greater reductions in HbA(1c) over Weeks 0-13 with BIAsp30 (o.d.) vs. OAD-only treatment (1.16 vs. 0.58%; p < 0.001), and over Weeks 0-26, with BIAsp30 (o.d.) and BIAsp30 (b.i.d.) treatments vs. OAD-only treatment (1.24 vs. 1.34 vs. 0.67%; p < 0.01). Hypoglycaemic episodes were reported in 54% of the patients in BIAsp30 (o.d. and b.i.d. pooled) and 30% of the patients in OAD-only group. All episodes were minor or symptomatic, except for one in each treatment group, which was major.

    Conclusions: Initiating BIAsp30 treatment is a safe and more effective way to improve glycaemic control in Western Pacific patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with oral monotherapy or oral combination therapy compared with optimizing oral combination therapy alone. In patients not reaching treatment target on BIAsp30 (o.d.), treatment with BIAsp30 (b.i.d.) should be considered.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy*
  19. George S, Ajikumaran Nair S, Johnson AJ, Venkataraman R, Baby S
    J Ethnopharmacol, 2015 Jun 20;168:158-63.
    PMID: 25858510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.03.060
    Melicope lunu-ankenda leaves are used to treat diabetes in folklore medicinal practices in India and Malaysia. Here we report the isolation of an O-prenylated flavonoid (3,5,4'-trihydroxy-8,3'-dimethoxy-7-(3-methylbut-2-enoxy)flavone; OPF) from the leaves of M. lunu-ankenda and its antidiabetes activity against type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy*
  20. Gillani SW, Sulaiman SAS, Abdul MIM, Baig MR
    Cardiovasc Diabetol, 2017 08 14;16(1):103.
    PMID: 28807030 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-017-0584-9
    BACKGROUND: We aimed to investigate the efficacy of ascorbic acid and acetylsalicylic acid among type II diabetes mellitus patients using metformin (only) for diabetes management therapy.

    METHOD: A 12-month single blinded multicenter randomized control trial was designed to investigate the measured variables [Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c), Renal function, Albumin Creatinine Ratio (ACR) etc.]. The trial was randomized into 2 experimental parallel arms (ascorbic acid vs acetylsalicylic acid) were blinded with study supplements in combination with metformin and findings were compared to control arm with metformin alone and blinded with placebo. Withdrawal criteria was defined to maintain the equity and balance in the participants in the whole trial.

    FINDING: Patients with metformin and ascorbic acid (parallel arm I) was twice more likely to reduce HbA1c than metformin alone (control arm) in a year (OR 2.31 (95% CI 1.87-4.42) p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy*
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