Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 810 in total

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  1. Lim CC, Sitoh YY, Hui F, Lee KE, Ang BS, Lim E, et al.
    AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 2000 Mar;21(3):455-61.
    PMID: 10730635
    BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: An epidemic of suspected Japanese encephalitis occurred in Malaysia in 1998-1999 among pig farmers. In neighboring Singapore, an outbreak occurred among pig slaughterhouse workers. It was subsequently established that the causative agent in the outbreak was not the Japanese encephalitis virus but a previously unknown Hendra-like paramyxovirus named Nipah virus.

    METHODS: The brain MR images of eight patients with Nipah virus infection were reviewed. All patients tested negative for acute Japanese encephalitis virus. Seven patients had contrast-enhanced studies and six had diffusion-weighted examinations.

    RESULTS: All patients had multiple small bilateral foci of T2 prolongation within the subcortical and deep white matter. The periventricular region and corpus callosum were also involved. In addition to white matter disease, five patients had cortical lesions, three had brain stem involvement, and a single thalamic lesion was detected in one patient. All lesions were less than 1 cm in maximum diameter. In five patients, diffusion-weighted images showed increased signal. Four patients had leptomeningeal enhancement and four had enhancement of parenchymal lesions.

    CONCLUSION: The brain MR findings in patients infected with the newly discovered Nipah paramyxovirus are different from those of patients with Japanese encephalitis. In a zoonotic epidemic, this striking difference in the appearance and distribution of lesions is useful in differentiating these diseases. Diffusion-weighted imaging was advantageous in increasing lesion conspicuity.

    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  2. Imisairi AH, Hisham AN
    ANZ J Surg, 2009 Jun;79(6):488-9.
    PMID: 19566876 DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-2197.2009.04953.x
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  3. Teng WW, Yeap BT, Azizan N, Hayati F, Chuah JA
    ANZ J Surg, 2019 09;89(9):E379-E380.
    PMID: 29695030 DOI: 10.1111/ans.14503
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  4. Renganathan, A. Kanni, Maniam, T.
    ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 2009;10(2):194-198.
    MyJurnal
    Objective: This is a case report discussing about the Charles Bonnet Syndrome (CBS). CBS is a condition in which extremely vivid and well-formed visual hallucinations occur episodically with great profusion. They are typically experienced in clear consciousness, and
    the insight is either retained or very quickly attained into the unreal nature of the phenomena. Method: We report a case of a 70 year-old Malaysian male who has been suffering from Tourette disorder for the past 40 years and was blind bilaterally. Results: He presented with episodic, nocturnal visual hallucinations. These occurred in clear
    consciousness and the patient’s insight to these experiences was retained. There was no history of any other major psychiatric illness in this patient. Conclusion: This case illustrates a diagnosis of CBS with the differential diagnoses of epilepsy and other organic conditions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  5. Sivakumar S, Kaur G
    Acta Cytol., 2009 May-Jun;53(3):303-5.
    PMID: 19534271 DOI: 10.1159/000325312
    BACKGROUND: Extraskeletal (soft tissue) chondromas are rare neoplasms. They are seen most frequently in the soft tissues of hands and feet. A chondroma occurring in the breast is exceedingly uncommon. We present a case of pure chondroma of the breast in a young woman in whom fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytologic features suggested a cartilaginous neoplasm.

    CASE: A 28-year-old woman presented with a mobile lump in the left breast. Mammography showed a high-density nodule without microcalcifications. A clinical diagnosis of fibroadenoma was made. A differential diagnosis was obtained on FNA. Excisional biopsy of the lump showed the histopathologic features of chondroma. There was no recurrence or appearance of new lesion during 13 months of follow-up.

    CONCLUSION: Chondroma of the breast shows FNA cytologic features of cartilaginous tumor, but specific tumor typing may not be possible. This case highlights the difficulties that may arise in FNA diagnosis of cartilaginous tumor especially when it occurs at an unusual site. Awareness of the cytologic features combined with clinical and radiologic findings should guide the cytopathologist to make correct diagnosis of this neoplasm.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  6. Jayaram G, Elsayed EM, Yaccob RB
    Acta Cytol., 2007 Jan-Feb;51(1):3-8.
    PMID: 17328487
    OBJECTIVE: To analyze the cytologic features of nipple discharge and fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytologic smears from breast lesions reported as showing papillary features and to correlate them with histopathologic features.

    STUDY DESIGN: The study group consisted of FNA smears and/or nipple discharge smears from 65 breast lesions diagnosed on cytology as duct papilloma, papillary lesion, fibrocystic condition, fibroadenoma, papillary neoplasm or papillary carcinoma. Cytomorphologic features assessed included cellularity, cell pattern (clusters, papillary, 3-dimensionality, etc.) and cell characteristics (monomorphism, pleomorphism, apocrine change, plasmacytoid features). Histological material was available for review and cytohistologic correlation in all cases.

    RESULTS: Forty-six specimens were FNA smears, and 16 were nipple discharge smears; in 3 cases FNA and nipple discharge cytologic smears were available for review. Cytologic study could predict the presence of a papillary pattern in all neoplasms with pure or focal papillary differentiation. There was an overlap in cytomorphologic features between papillary and nonpapillary benign lesions as well as between benign and malignant papillary neoplasms. Frank blood in the aspirate, cell dissociation and atypia, however, were more frequent in the last.

    CONCLUSION: Overlap of cytologic features in nonneoplastic and neoplastic benign papillary lesions and between benign and malignant papillary neoplasms necessitates histologic evaluation in all cases diagnosed as papillary on cytology. Since 49.2% of lesions showing papillary features on cytology prove to be malignant, all cases reported as papillary on cytology should be excised urgently for histologic assessment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  7. Jayaram G, Elsayed EM
    Acta Cytol., 2005 Sep-Oct;49(5):520-4.
    PMID: 16334029
    BACKGROUND: Carcinosarcoma (sarcomatoid carcinoma) is a rare tumor with a high predilection for the aerodigestive tract. Cytologic diagnosis of metastatic carcinosarcoma has been reported in very few cases.

    CASE: An 84-year-old woman presented with a 2-cm-diameter, right cervical lymph node that was referred for fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). She had received radiotherapy for a palatal squamous cell carcinoma 2 years earlier. The FNAC smears had a sarcomatoid appearance. Repeat fine needle aspiration was performed, with cytologic and immunocytochemical staining. Careful consideration of the cytologic and immunophenotypic features led to an impression of carcinosarcoma. Histologic sections of the palatal biopsy that had been previously diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma were reviewed, and a final diagnosis of carcinosarcoma was established.

    CONCLUSION: Metastasis of rare lesions, such as carcinosarcoma may be confusing and difficult to diagnose on FNAC, especially when the cytologic sample shows a predominantly sarcomatoid component. The difficulty is compounded when the sarcomatoid component happens to have been overlooked on the initial histologic assessment. With representative cytologic sampling, immunocytochemical staining and review of the histologic material, the correct diagnosis was achieved in this case.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  8. Jayaram G, Jayalakshmi P, Yip CH
    Acta Cytol., 2005 Nov-Dec;49(6):656-60.
    PMID: 16450908
    BACKGROUND: Leiomyosarcoma of the breast is a rare neoplasm. We present a case of primary leiomyosarcoma of the breast in a middle-aged female in whom fine needle aspiration cytologic features suggested sarcoma.

    CASE: A 55-year-old female presented with a rapidly growing breast lump of 1 month's duration. On examination, an ulcerating, 12 x 10 cm tumor was seen involving the lower medial and lateral quadrants of the right breast. Fine needle aspiration cytology showed variably sized, dissociated and loosely clustered polygonal, plump and spindle cells with pale blue cytoplasm and vesicular nuclei that were round, oval or irregular. Occasional giant forms and nucleolated and mitotic cells were present. A single cluster of benign ductal cells was seen. The tumor cells did not express immunocytologic reactivity to estrogen receptor protein. A cytologic diagnosis of sarcoma was given with differential diagnoses of metaplastic carcinoma and malignant phyllodes tumor. Histologic study established the diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma. Leiomyosarcoma of the breast shows fine needle aspiration cytologic features of sarcoma, but specific tumor typing may not be possible, especially when the cytologic material is inadequate for ancillary staining required to distinguish leiomyosarcoma from metaplastic carcinoma and malignant phyllodes tumor.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  9. Kosai NR, Gendeh HS, Noorharisman M, Sutton PA, Das S
    PMID: 25257156 DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2014.45
    Small bowel obstruction is a common clinical problem presenting with abdominal distention, colicky pain, absolute constipation and bilious vomiting. There are numerous causes, most commonly attributed to an incarcerated hernia, adhesions or obstructing mass secondary to malignancy. Here we present an unusual cause of a small bowel obstruction secondary to an incarcerated incisional hernia in association with an acute organoaxial gastric volvulus.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  10. Hamid HA, Gee KY, Muhammad R, Abd Rahman ZA, Das S
    Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove), 2009;52(1):19-22.
    PMID: 19754003
    Dural metastasis is a rare entity in clinical practice. We report a case of dural metastasis secondary to thyroid carcinoma, which on both preoperative CT and MRI and at surgery had the typical appearance of a meningioma. Histopathological findings confirmed metastatic follicular thyroid carcinoma as a primary site. Although rare, dural metastases can mimic a meningioma. Our experience in this case has led us to consider metastasis as a differential diagnosis even when a meningioma is suspected. We believe that reporting of the case of dural metastasis mimicking a meningioma may help clinicians in future.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  11. Maj MK, Ar AH, Faisal SA, Ahmad J, Das S
    Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove), 2010;53(4):247-9.
    PMID: 21400986
    Discoid meniscus is the commonest anatomical aberration of the knee joint, among rare cases such as bilateral separated lateral meniscus, accessory lateral meniscus, partial deficiency of the lateral meniscus and double-layered lateral meniscus. An 11-year-old girl presented with history of chronic pain in her right knee for the last 6 months. The problem disturbed her involvement in the sport activities at school. Clinical examination revealed a clicking sensation on knee extension with lateral joint line tenderness. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of her right knee showed torn posterior horn of lateral meniscus. Arthroscopy examination revealed a discoid meniscus with absence posterior horn. Posterior horn deficient discoid meniscus is a rare form of a congenital meniscus anomaly. We as clinicians believe that the abnormal shaped meniscus may pose a diagnostic challenge clinically and radiologically. Presentation of this case may be beneficial for orthopaedicians in their daily clinical practice.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  12. Krishnamoorthy M, Othman NAN, Hassan NEB, Hitam SB
    Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove), 2020;63(2):82-85.
    PMID: 32771074 DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2020.22
    Skull base osteomyelitis (SBO) also commonly known as malignant otitis externa was first described by Meltzer and Kelemen in 1959. Prior to the advent of the antibiotic era, this disease carried a poor prognosis with significant morbidity. It often proved fatal with mortality rates as high as 50%. Commonly seen in the immunocompromised patients, diabetes mellitus is an important associated comorbidity in the pathophysiologic development of this disease. Treatment is instituted by medical therapy with surgery having a limited role. Surgical intervention has a limited role, for example, in fungal SBO. Such cases may require local debridement and intraoperative tissue biopsies for histopathologic confirmation. This is to demonstrate fungal invasion into the skull base, as well as to exclude other sinister differential diagnoses like squamous cell carcinoma of temporal bone. In this case report, we present a rare case of candida SBO and the literature review.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  13. Selvamalar V, Othman NAN, Daud MK
    Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove), 2021;64(1):36-41.
    PMID: 33855957 DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2021.6
    Malignant otitis externa is an inflammation of the external auditory canal with preceding osteomyelitis of the temporal bone and the adjacent structures that could be potentially lethal. Malignant otitis externa may present with cranial nerve involvements and massive spread of disease mimicking nasopharyngeal carcinoma or any other malignancies on imaging. Two elderly patients who presented with severe otalgia and significant facial nerve palsy and lower cranial nerve palsies showing extensive spread of disease are reported in this case series. They both had resolution of disease after a prolonged course of antibiotics and cortical mastoidectomy for disease clearance in one of them.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  14. Hussaini J, Mutusamy S, Omar R, Rajagopalan R, Narayanan P
    Acta Med Iran, 2012;50(2):151-2.
    PMID: 22359087
    We report a rare case of base of tongue tuberculosis following pulmonary tuberculosis. Patient presented to us with chief complaints of sore throat and pain on swallowing for period of 3 months. On examination with 70 degree telescope, we observed an ulcer on right side of base of tongue. The edges of the ulcer appeared to be undermined with whitish slough at the centre of the ulcer. Examination of neck showed a multiple small palpable middle deep cervical lymph nodes on right side of neck. Biopsy of the ulcer was taken, which showed granulomatous inflammation, suggestive of tuberculosis. Laboratory investigations revealed a raise in erythrocyte sedimentation rate, sputum for acid fast bacilli was strongly positive. Chest X ray was performed for patient showed multiple areas of consolidation. Patient was referred to chest clinic for further management of tuberculosis and was started on anti-tuberculous drugs. In conclusion tuberculosis of oral cavity is rare, but should be considered among one of the differential diagnosis of the oral lesions and biopsy is necessary to confirm the diagnosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  15. Sazliyana Shaharir S, Jamil A, Kosasih S, Soo Fin L, Sridharan R, Hayati Md Pauzi S
    Acta Med Iran, 2017 Dec;55(12):800-806.
    PMID: 29373888
    A 59-year-old man presented with proximal myopathy, myalgia, and weight loss, with the initial markedly elevated serum creatine kinase at 11,000 U/L. Due to his refusal for muscle biopsy, he was initially treated as inflammatory myositis and responded well with the corticosteroids. However, he subsequently had a relapse of the symptoms with more extensive systemic involvement, i.e., hypercalcemia, lymphadenopathy and subcutaneous nodules. Finally, a biopsy of the thigh and subcutaneous nodule revealed non-caseating granulomatous inflammation, consistent with sarcoidosis. He responded well to the corticosteroids, and finally, azathioprine was added as a steroid-sparing agent. Including our series, there are 103 cases of symptomatic muscle involvement in sarcoidosis patients published in the English literature to date. Further pool analysis of the cases will be reported in this review.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  16. Lim KY, Khoo CS
    Acta Neurol Belg, 2023 Jun;123(3):1125-1128.
    PMID: 35347640 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-022-01927-y
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  17. Madhavan M, Othman NH, Singh MS, Indudharan R, Sharma HS, Shamsuddin AR
    Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital, 2000 Aug;20(4):284-9.
    PMID: 11234448
    Kimura's disease (KD) is an uncommon chronic inflammatory condition of unknown aetiology involving subcutaneous tissue, presenting as a tumor like lesion with a predilection for the head and neck region. Clinically it is often confused with parotid tumor with lymph node metastasis. It is difficult to diagnose before tissue biopsy. Fine needle aspiration cytology has only limited value. Unless the pathologists are aware of this entity, it might be misdiagnosed. Surgery, radiotherapy and steroid therapy have been tried but none is proved best and recurrence is common. Three cases of KD seen in our hospital and the problems encountered in them are presented.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  18. Sinniah D, Sinniah R, Yap YF, Singh M, George R, Lim NL, et al.
    Acta Paediatr Jpn, 1990 Aug;32(4):385-90.
    PMID: 2288220
    A pilot epidemiologic study of all cases of Reye and Reye-like syndromes was undertaken at 8 representative major hospitals in Peninsular Malaya from January 1st to December 31st 1986. The cases were classified as definitive Reye's syndrome, clinical Reye's syndrome and encephalo-hepatopathies. Less than 50% of cases reviewed fulfilled the National Center for Disease Control criteria for clinical Reye's syndrome. Causes of Reye-like syndromes/encephalo-hepatopathies included fulminant hepatitis, Japanese B encephalitis, dengue, septicaemia, and complex febrile fits. It was not possible to differentiate clinical Reye's syndrome from the other encephalo-hepatopathies by either the clinical features (except for jaundice) or biochemical parameters. Liver biopsy is necessary for a definitive diagnosis of Reye's syndrome in Malaysia, because of the high prevalence of Reye-like diseases. The mortality rate in the 2 groups of patients is similar. Ingestion of salicylates was not found to be significantly associated with Reye and Reye-like syndromes in this study.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  19. Fikri AS, Kroiss A, Ahmad AZ, Zanariah H, Lau WF, Uprimny C, et al.
    Acta Radiol, 2014 Jun;55(5):631-40.
    PMID: 24037430 DOI: 10.1177/0284185113504330
    To our knowledge, data are lacking on the role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the localization and prediction of neuroendocrine tumors, in particular the pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PCC/PGL) group.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  20. Woolley AK, Hedger NA, Veettil RP
    Acute Med, 2013;12(2):107-10.
    PMID: 23732136
    Pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) is a frequent presentation to the Acute Medical Unit, and is a source of significant morbidity, both the psychological burden of an uncertain diagnosis and prognosis and untreated complications of the underlying pathology. We present a problem based review of the management of PUO, illustrated by a patient who recently presented to our unit with fever and systemic malaise after returning from abroad and in whom no cause could be found for more than two months. We describe a structured approach making use of complex modern techniques such as Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography (PET-CT) which ultimately provided the diagnosis for our patient.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
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