Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 810 in total

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  1. Ooi KM, Saniasiaya J, Kulasegarah J, Ong DL
    BMJ Case Rep, 2024 Jan 12;17(1).
    PMID: 38216171 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-256699
    Bronchogenic cyst is a congenital abnormality arising from the tracheobronchial system. Localisation of such cysts in the head and neck region is rare. We report a girl in her early childhood with a painless enlarging right lateral neck mass diagnosed with a branchial cleft cyst based on clinical and radiological MRI findings. An incidental finding of a cervical bronchogenic cyst was made on the final histopathological specimen. Although rare, bronchogenic cysts should be considered as differential diagnoses for paediatric patients' lateral and midline cervical masses.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  2. Cheng XL, Abu Hassan NI, Ng DC
    BMJ Case Rep, 2023 Dec 09;16(12).
    PMID: 38087483 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-258129
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  3. D'Oliveiro JJ, Chong AW
    Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol, 2023 Nov;132(11):1483-1486.
    PMID: 36941748 DOI: 10.1177/00034894231159325
    OBJECTIVES: To highlight a case of nasopharyngeal Respiratory Epithelial Adenomatoid Hamartoma (REAH) in a female patient with chronic nasal block.

    METHODS: A single case report of a female patient with the diagnosis of REAH, detailing her presenting symptoms, clinical findings, management and follow up.

    RESULTS: Histopathological assessment of the excised nasopharyngeal polyp was consistent with a diagnosis of REAH with a discussion on the disease and its current literature reviews.

    CONCLUSION: The incidence of REAH within the nasopharynx remain rare with only few cases described in literature, especially in females.

    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  4. B N, Cj NA, Mk AM, I MI
    Pediatr Nephrol, 2023 Nov;38(11):3615-3617.
    PMID: 37160459 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-023-05967-1
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  5. B N, Cj NA, Mk AM, I MI
    Pediatr Nephrol, 2023 Nov;38(11):3611-3613.
    PMID: 37160460 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-023-05962-6
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  6. Tan CX, Yeo SW, Wong YP, Tan GC
    Malays J Pathol, 2023 Aug;45(2):271-273.
    PMID: 37658536
    INTRODUCTION: Lymphangiomatous polyp of the tonsil is generally accepted as a hamartomatous lesion. Its differential diagnosis includes fibroepithelial polyp, squamous papilloma, angiofibroma, haemangioma, arteriovenous malformation, hamartoma and lymphangioma.

    CASE REPORT: A 33-year-old man presented with 2 months history of feeling of foreign body sensation in the throat. Examination revealed a nodular red coloured polyp on the left tonsil. Histologically, the polyp was covered by squamous epithelium and is composed of numerous vascular channels containing lymphocytes and eosinophilic material, in a fibrous stroma. Immunohistochemically, the endothelial cells were positive toward CD31 and D2-40.

    DISCUSSION: The characteristic histological features of a lymphangiomatous polyp are benign vascular proliferation with variable fibrous, adipose and lymphoid stromal components. Nested intraepithelial epidermotropism of lymphocytes can be observed. The vascular channels are typically thin-walled and contain eosinophilic proteinaceous material and lymphocytes. There is no reported incidence of recurrent or malignant transformation.

    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  7. Lim KY, Khoo CS
    Acta Neurol Belg, 2023 Jun;123(3):1125-1128.
    PMID: 35347640 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-022-01927-y
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  8. Saniasiaya J, Kulasegarah J, Narayanan P
    Ear Nose Throat J, 2023 Apr;102(4):NP201-NP202.
    PMID: 33645290 DOI: 10.1177/0145561321995008
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  9. Lim XY, Wai YZ, Yong YX, Lim LT
    J Med Case Rep, 2023 Mar 06;17(1):99.
    PMID: 36879252 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-022-03699-8
    BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis is a diffuse chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. It is relatively uncommon in the Asian population and even more so in males. Despite the usual involvement of the brainstem, eight-and-a-half syndrome remains a rare first presentation in multiple sclerosis. Only a few cases have been reported previously, but none involving the Asian population. Eight-and-a-half syndrome, a neuro-ophthalmological condition, is characterized by one-and-a-half syndrome with ipsilateral lower facial nerve palsy, which localizes lesions to the pontine tegmentum. This case report demonstrates the first case of eight-and-a-half syndrome as the first presentation of multiple sclerosis in an Asian male.

    CASE PRESENTATION: A healthy 23-year-old Asian man presented with sudden onset of diplopia followed by left-sided facial asymmetry for 3 days. Assessment of extraocular movement revealed left conjugate horizontal gaze palsy. On right gaze, there was limited left eye adduction and horizontal nystagmus of the right eye. These findings were consistent with a left-sided one-and-a-half syndrome. Prism cover test revealed left esotropia of 30 prism diopters. Cranial nerve examination showed left lower motor neuron facial nerve palsy, while other neurological examination was normal. Magnetic resonance imaging brain showed multifocal T2 fluid attenuated inversion recovery hyperintense lesions, involving bilateral periventricular, juxtacortical, and infratentorial regions. A focal gadolinium contrast-enhanced lesion with open ring sign on T1 sequence was seen at the left frontal juxtacortical region. Multiple sclerosis was diagnosed on the basis of the clinical and radiological evidence, which fulfilled the 2017 McDonald criteria. Positive oligoclonal bands in cerebrospinal fluid analysis further confirmed our diagnosis. He had a complete resolution of symptoms 1 month after a course of pulsed corticosteroid therapy, and was subsequently placed on maintenance therapy with interferon beta-1a.

    CONCLUSION: This case illustrates eight-and-a-half syndrome as the first presentation of a diffuse central nervous system pathology. A wide range of differential diagnoses needs to be considered in such a presentation as based on the patient's demographics and risk factors.

    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  10. Chuah YY, Guo MM, Lee YY
    Br J Hosp Med (Lond), 2023 Mar 02;29(3):1.
    PMID: 36989145 DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2022.0237
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  11. Hilmi IN, Nik Muhamad Affendi NA, Shahrani S, Thalha AM, Leow AH, Khoo XH
    Dig Dis, 2023;41(4):581-588.
    PMID: 36702102 DOI: 10.1159/000529238
    BACKGROUND: The differentiation between intestinal tuberculosis (ITB) and Crohn's disease (CD) remains a challenge, particularly in areas where tuberculosis is highly prevalent. Previous studies have identified features that favour one diagnosis over the other. The aim of the study was to determine the accuracy of a standardized protocol in the initial diagnosis of CD versus ITB.

    METHODS: All patients with suspected ITB or CD were prospectively recruited. A standardized protocol was applied, and the diagnosis was made accordingly. The protocol consists of history and examination, ileocolonoscopy with biopsies, and tuberculosis workup. The diagnosis of probable ITB was made based on at least one positive finding. All other patients were diagnosed as probable CD. Patients were treated either with anti-tubercular therapy or steroids. Reassessment was then carried out clinically, biochemically, and endoscopically. In patients with suboptimal response, the treatment was either switched or escalated depending on the reassessment.

    RESULTS: 164 patients were recruited with final diagnosis of 30 (18.3%) ITB and 134 (81.7%) CD. 1 (3.3%) out of 30 patients with ITB was initially treated as CD. 16 (11.9%) out of 134 patients with CD were initially treated as ITB. The initial overall accuracy for the protocol was 147/164 (89.6%). All patients received the correct diagnosis by 12 weeks after reassessment.

    CONCLUSION: In our population, most patients had CD rather than ITB. The standardized protocol had a high accuracy in differentiating CD from ITB.

    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  12. Jacob M, Rajathi P, Mathew M, Fenn SM
    Indian J Pathol Microbiol, 2023;66(2):388-391.
    PMID: 37077093 DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_714_21
    Papilliferous keratoameloblastoma is an extremely rare variant of ameloblastoma, a benign odontogenic tumor, with only seven cases reported in the English language literature. This variant presents with the metaplastic transformation of stellate reticulum-like cells to the extent of forming papillary structures exhibiting superficial keratinization of varying thickness. This paper describes the pathognomonic macroscopic features of this tumor observed during gross examination under the stereo zoom microscope that differentiate it from the other odontogenic tumors which have not been explored in the previously documented cases. Also, in this paper, a detailed comparison of the macroscopic features observed under the stereo zoom microscope during gross examination with the microscopic features of the histologic section has been described proving to be useful in the histological differential diagnosis of the keratinizing variants of ameloblastoma.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  13. Suhaini SA, Azidin AH, Cheah CS, Lee Wei Li W, Khoo MS, Ismail NAS, et al.
    Medicina (Kaunas), 2022 Dec 12;58(12).
    PMID: 36557034 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58121833
    Background and Objectives: Kawasaki Disease (KD) incidence has been on the rise globally throughout the years, particularly in the Asia Pacific region. KD can be diagnosed based on several clinical criteria. Due to its systemic inflammatory nature, multi-organ involvement has been observed, making the diagnosis of KD more challenging. Notably, several studies have reported KD patients presenting with hepatobiliary abnormalities. Nonetheless, comprehensive data regarding the hepatobiliary manifestations of KD are limited in Malaysia, justifying a more in-depth study of the disease in this country. Thus, in this article, we aim to discuss KD patients in Malaysia with hepatobiliary manifestations. Materials and Methods: A total of six KD patients with hepatobiliary findings who presented at Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz (HCTM) from 2004 to 2021 were selected and included. Variables including the initial presenting signs and symptoms, clinical progress, laboratory investigations such as liver function test (LFT), and ultrasound findings of hepatobiliary system were reviewed and analyzed. Results: Out of these six KD patients, there were two patients complicated with hepatitis and one patient with gallbladder hydrops. Different clinical features including jaundice (n = 3) and hepatomegaly (n = 4) were also observed. All patients received both aspirin and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) as their first-line treatment and all of them responded well to IVIG. The majority of them (n = 5) had a complete recovery and did not have any cardiovascular and hepatobiliary sequelae. Conclusions: Despite KD mostly being diagnosed with the classical clinical criteria, patients with atypical presentations should always alert physicians of KD as one of the possible differential diagnoses. This study discovered that hepatobiliary manifestations in KD patients were not uncommon. More awareness on the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of KD patients with hepatobiliary manifestations are required to allow for the initiation of prompt treatment, thus preventing further complications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  14. Goh ZNL, Teo RYL, Chung BK, Wong AC, Seak CJ
    Medicine (Baltimore), 2022 Aug 05;101(31):e29951.
    PMID: 35945724 DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000029951
    Heart failure leading to cardiac ascites is an extremely rare and underrecognized entity in clinical practice. Recognizing cardiac ascites can be difficult, especially since patients presenting with ascites may have more than 1 etiology. Various biomarkers are available to aid in the diagnosis of cardiac ascites, though with differing sensitivities and specificities. Such biomarkers include serum albumin, ascitic albumin and protein, as well as serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). While serum NT-proBNP is a powerful biomarker in distinguishing the etiology of ascites and monitoring treatment progression, its cost can be prohibitive in low-resource settings. Clinicians practicing under these circumstances may opt to rely on other parameters to manage their patients. We go on further to report a series of 3 patients with cardiac ascites to illustrate how these biomarkers may be employed in the management of this patient population. Clinicians should always keep in mind the differential diagnosis of cardiac failure as a cause of ascites. The resolution of cardiac ascites may serve as a surrogate clinical marker for response to antifailure therapy in lieu of NT-proBNP at resource-scarce centers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  15. Ong HY, Esa ME, Ng JJ, Wahab SA, Kalimuthu S
    Braz J Otorhinolaryngol, 2022;88 Suppl 4(Suppl 4):S219-S222.
    PMID: 33947646 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2021.03.011
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  16. Haranal M, Febrianti Z, Latiff HA, Rahman SA, Sivalingam S
    Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann, 2021 Oct;29(8):816-818.
    PMID: 33641433 DOI: 10.1177/0218492321998500
    Primary cardiac tumors are one of the rare causes of intracardiac masses in pediatric population. Cardiac papillary fibroelastomas are benign cardiac tumors with predilection for valvular endocardium, and the presentation is dictated by the cardiac structure involved and the tumor characteristics. We report an infant with cardiac papillary fibroelastoma manifesting as an asymptomatic left ventricular outflow tract mass. This case is being presented to emphasize the rare occurrence of cardiac papillary fibroelastoma in pediatric population and to be cognizant of this entity when considering differential diagnosis of intracardiac masses in this subgroup.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  17. Lee YP, Yoon SE, Song Y, Kim SJ, Yoon DH, Chen TY, et al.
    Int J Hematol, 2021 Sep;114(3):355-362.
    PMID: 34302593 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-021-03179-7
    Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) are a group of T-cell lymphomas with low incidence. Due to their indolent characteristics, treatment strategies have not yet been established for advanced CTCLs. In this study, relative incidence of CTCLs in Asia was estimated and the therapeutic outcomes presented based on various treatments currently used in clinics for advanced CTCLs. As part of a prospective registry study of peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) conducted across Asia, including Korea, China, Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia, and Indonesia, subgroup analysis was performed for patients with CTCLs. Among 486 patients with PTCL, 37 with CTCL (7.6%) were identified between April 2016 and February 2019. Primary cutaneous ALK-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL, 35.1%) was the most common subtype. With a median follow-up period of 32.1 months, median progression-free survival (PFS) was 53.5 months (95% CI 0.0-122.5), and overall survival was not reached. 14 patients (48.2%) underwent subsequent treatment after the first relapse, but the response rate was 20% with a PFS of 2.2 months (95% CI 0.3-4.0). Six patients received autologous stem cell transplantation (auto-SCT). However, auto-SCT did not result in better outcomes. Additional studies are needed on standard care treatment of advanced or refractory and relapsed CTCLs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  18. Chong ZX, Liew WPP, Ong HK, Yong CY, Shit CS, Ho WY, et al.
    Pathol Res Pract, 2021 Sep;225:153565.
    PMID: 34333398 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153565
    Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are two common betacoronaviruses, which are still causing transmission among the human population worldwide. The major difference between the two coronaviruses is that MERS-CoV is now causing sporadic transmission worldwide, whereas SARS-CoV-2 is causing a pandemic outbreak globally. Currently, different guidelines and reports have highlighted several diagnostic methods and approaches which could be used to screen and confirm MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infections. These methods include clinical evaluation, laboratory diagnosis (nucleic acid-based test, protein-based test, or viral culture), and radiological diagnosis. With the presence of these different diagnostic approaches, it could cause a dilemma to the clinicians and diagnostic laboratories in selecting the best diagnostic strategies to confirm MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infections. Therefore, this review aims to provide an up-to-date comparison of the advantages and limitations of different diagnostic approaches in detecting MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infections. This review could provide insights for clinicians and scientists in detecting MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infections to help combat the transmission of these coronaviruses.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential*
  19. Tong CV, Ooi XY
    BMJ Case Rep, 2021 Aug 17;14(8).
    PMID: 34404673 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-245610
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  20. Amri MF, Abdullah A, Azmi MI, Mohd Zaki F, Md Pauzi SH
    Malays J Pathol, 2021 Aug;43(2):319-325.
    PMID: 34448796
    BACKGROUND: Ewing sarcoma (ES) is an aggressive tumour which is typically skeletal in origin. ES involving the head and neck region is uncommon and can be easily confused with other small round blue cell tumours. We herein present a rare case of ES involving the sinonasal area.

    CASE PRESENTATION: A 5-year-old Somalian boy with no known medical illness presented with progressive nasal blockage associated with clear nasal discharge and intermittent spontaneous epistaxis for three months. CT paranasal sinus and neck region revealed poorly enhancing expansile mass in the right maxillary sinus with areas of necrosis within. Initial radiological differential diagnoses were lymphoma and rhabdomyosarcoma. The mass was biopsied and histologically showed diffuse sheets of small round blue cells that was positive to CD99, NSE and vimentin. The muscle and lymphoid markers were negative. Fluorescence in-situ hybridisation (FISH) study revealed the presence of EWSR1 gene rearrangement thus diagnosis of ES was rendered.

    CONCLUSIONS: ES of sinonasal tract is a rare entity and its pathological features significantly overlap with others small round blue cells tumour. Demonstration of EWSR1 gene translocation is recommended for the diagnosis of ES particularly at uncommon sites.

    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
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