Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 810 in total

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  1. Krishnappa P, Mohamad IB, Lin YJ, Barua A
    Diagn Pathol, 2014;9:202.
    PMID: 25361681 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-014-0202-z
    Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting women worldwide. It is well established that human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is the prime risk factor in the development of cervical cancer. The current screening and diagnostic tests have limitations in identifying the range of lesions caused by HPV. The current study aims to evaluate the diagnostic value of p16 immunohistochemical (IHC) investigation in high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) related lesions of the uterine cervix in Hospital Tuanku Jaafar, Seremban, Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  2. Nagandla K, De S
    Postgrad Med J, 2013 Jul;89(1053):402-10.
    PMID: 23524988 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2012-131634
    Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common sensory motor neurological disorder that is characterised by an irresistible urge to move the legs that significantly affects the quality of life of the patient. Prevalence in the general population is 5-25% and it is twice as prevalent in women as in men. RLS is the most common movement disorder in pregnancy with a fourfold increased risk of developing this disorder later in life. The pathophysiology of RLS is centred on dopaminergic dysfunction, reduced central nervous system iron, genetic linkages, or alteration in neurotransmitters such as hypocretins, endorphins levels and immune dysfunction and inflammatory mechanisms. With the emergence of new evidence, there are changes to the previous treatment recommendations for RLS. There is sufficient evidence to conclude that dopamine agonists such as rotigotine transdermal patch, pramipexole, ropinirole, gabapentin enacarbil, pregabalin and gabapentin are effective in the short-term treatment of RLS and rotigotine, followed by gabapentin enacarbil, ropinirole, pramipexole and gabapentin for long-term treatment. Based on expert consensus, the recommendation for daily RLS is dopamine agonists or gabapentin or low-potency opioids. Levodopa is less preferred for treating daily RLS due to its high risk of augmentation. For intermittent RLS, it is levodopa or dopamine agonists or low-potency opioids or benzodiazepines. For refractory RLS, the choice is to change to gabapentin or a different dopamine agonist, addition of a second agent like gabapentin or benzodiazepine to the existing drug or changing to a high-potency opioid or tramadol. Medications with safety record in pregnancy include opioids and antiepileptics such as carbamazepine and gabapentin. There are concerns that patients with RLS are at risk for metabolic deregulation, autonomic dysfunction and cardiovascular morbidity. However, a recent study concluded that RLS is not associated with increased risk of cardiovascular complications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  3. Woolley AK, Hedger NA, Veettil RP
    Acute Med, 2013;12(2):107-10.
    PMID: 23732136
    Pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) is a frequent presentation to the Acute Medical Unit, and is a source of significant morbidity, both the psychological burden of an uncertain diagnosis and prognosis and untreated complications of the underlying pathology. We present a problem based review of the management of PUO, illustrated by a patient who recently presented to our unit with fever and systemic malaise after returning from abroad and in whom no cause could be found for more than two months. We describe a structured approach making use of complex modern techniques such as Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography (PET-CT) which ultimately provided the diagnosis for our patient.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  4. Haron H, Yusof MR, Maskon O, Ooi J, Rahman MR
    Heart Surg Forum, 2012 Feb;15(1):E59-60.
    PMID: 22360910 DOI: 10.1532/HSF98.20111000
    Papillary fibroelastoma is a rare primary tumor of the heart valves. This lesion can occur on any of the valves or endothelial surface of the heart and has been detected by echocardiography, by cardiac catheterization, during open heart operations for other conditions, and at autopsy. Because of the potential for comorbidities, this tumor should be removed. We present the case of an elderly man with a diagnosis of severe mitral valve regurgitation and moderate tricuspid valve regurgitation who was suspected to have a tricuspid valve vegetation. Mitral valve replacement, tricuspid valve repair, and excision of the lesion were performed successfully. A histologic examination of the vegetation confirmed it to be a papillary fibroelastoma. We present this case to emphasize the rarity of this tumor and the importance of a correct diagnosis to avoid delaying its prompt and definitive management.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  5. Abu Backer FM, Mustapha NR, Othman NH
    Anal. Quant. Cytol. Histol., 2011 Oct;33(5):283-8.
    PMID: 22611756
    To differentiate endocervical adenocarcinoma (ECA) from endometrial adenocarcinoma (EMA) using p16INK4a, p21WAF1 and p27Kip1.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  6. Pedalino M, Vercesi E, Manini C, Piras D, Di Primio OG, Vella R, et al.
    Urologia, 2010 Oct-Dec;77 Suppl 17:38-41.
    PMID: 21308673
    Authors present a case of bilharziosis incidentally diagnosed in a patient undergoing TURB for suspected bladder cancer. The patient, who in 2005 had gone to Malaysia, had been suffering from recurrent hemorrhagic cystitis since 2007, which were treated with antibiotic therapy. In November 2009 he presented to our observation for persistent hematuria, underwent ultrasound examination, fibroscopy and TURB diagnostics for suspicious lesions. The histopathology diagnosis found granulomatous lesions with typical parasites eggs due to schistosomiasis eggs. As a consequence of that, the patient underwent medical therapy. The pathologist's role becomes nullifying not only for the diagnosis of parasitic infections but also for the exclusion or evidence of urothelial squamous neoplasia. The low incidence of this rare parasitic disease in European tourists and the presence of immigrants in our country require to spread the knowledge of these parasites and the most simple tests for early detection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  7. Subrayan V, Peyman M, Lek Yap S, Mohamed Ali NA, Devi S
    Eye Contact Lens, 2010 Jul;36(4):201-3.
    PMID: 20531205 DOI: 10.1097/ICL.0b013e3181e3efa3
    PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and conventional bacterial culture methods in the detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in contact lens-induced severe, partially treated corneal ulcers referred to a tertiary center.
    METHODS: The study duration was 6 months. All patients with contact lens-related corneal ulcer, requiring admission during the study period were recruited. Samples from corneal scrapings were simultaneously sent at the time of admission for PCR and culture testing. An in-house real-time PCR was developed to detect the P. aeruginosa lasA gene. The results of PCR and culture were compared using McNemar's chi2 test.
    RESULTS: Ten patients were recruited. The mean age was 33 years (20-45 years). All the patients had contact lens-related keratitis (>4 mm) of which eight (80%) were found positive for P. aeruginosa by PCR or culture. There was no significant difference between PCR and culture in detecting P. aeruginosa (P<0.05).
    CONCLUSIONS: PCR is, at least, as good as conventional cultures in detecting P. aeruginosa. It is a rapid assay as compared with culture, and early detection enables prompt treatment thus reducing the destructive effect of the organism on the cornea.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  8. Tang IP, Prepageran N, Ong CA, Puraviappan P
    J Laryngol Otol, 2010 Aug;124(8):913-5.
    PMID: 20426886 DOI: 10.1017/S0022215110000265
    To demonstrate the different clinical presentations of tuberculous otitis media and the management of selected cases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  9. Othman N, Mohamed Z, Verweij JJ, Huat LB, Olivos-García A, Yeng C, et al.
    Foodborne Pathog Dis, 2010 Jun;7(6):637-41.
    PMID: 20132028 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2009.0427
    Entamoeba histolytica is the second major cause of liver abscess disease in humans, particularly in developing countries. Recently, DNA molecular-based methods have been employed to enhance the detection of E. histolytica in either pus or stool specimens. In this study, the results of real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect E. histolytica DNA in pus from liver abscess cases were compared with those of indirect hemagglutination assay on the corresponding serum samples. Bacterial cultures were also performed on the pus samples for the diagnosis of pyogenic liver abscess. The real-time PCR detected E. histolytica DNA in 23 of 30 (76.7%) pus samples, when compared with 14 of 30 (46.7%) serum samples in which anti-Entamoeba antibodies were detected by indirect hemagglutination assay and 4 of 30 (13.3%) pus samples that showed bacterial infection by culture. The use of real-time PCR is a promising detection method for diagnosis and epidemiology assessment of amoebic liver abscess.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  10. Joshi SC, Pant I, Shukla AN, Anshari MA
    J Cancer Res Ther, 2008 8 9;4(2):99-101.
    PMID: 18688130
    Follow-up of colorectal carcinoma after therapy is based on symptoms, tumor markers, and imaging studies. Clinicians sometimes face diagnostic dilemmas because of unusual presentations on the imaging modalities coupled with rising serum markers. We report a case of colorectal carcinoma that presented with gastrointestinal symptoms 14 months after completion of treatment. Investigations showed rise in carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Suspecting disease recurrence, complete radioimaging workup was performed; the only abnormality detected was a smooth, hypodense area in the posterior third of the spleen on contrast-enhanced computed tomography abdomen. In view of the previous diagnosis of carcinoma colon, the symptoms reported by the patient, the elevated CEA, and the atypical CECT appearance, a diagnosis of splenic metastasis was made. The patient was subjected to splenectomy as a curative treatment. However, the histopathological report revealed it to be a splenic infarct. The present case reemphasizes the limitations of radiological studies in the follow-up of carcinoma colon.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  11. Liam CK, Pang YK, Poosparajah S
    Respirology, 2006 Nov;11(6):786-92.
    PMID: 17052309
    The aims of this study were to investigate the frequency of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as a cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) requiring hospitalization in Malaysia, and to define the clinical features of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) that distinguish it from non-TB CAP.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  12. Wong CS, Cheah FC
    J Pediatr Surg, 2012 Dec;47(12):2336-40.
    PMID: 23217901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2012.09.029
    Cephalhematoma is normally a self-limiting condition affecting 1%-2% of live births, especially following instrumental forceps delivery. The sub-periosteal bleed is characteristically limited by the cranial sutures. Although benign in most instances, this condition may, in a small proportion of cases, be complicated by hyperbilirubinemia or scalp infection. We describe a case of cephalhematoma in a newborn infant infected with Escherichia coli resulting in an extensive deep seated scalp abscess. The infection was also systemic causing E. coli septicemia and initial assessment assumed local extension including bone and meningeal to cause skull osteomyelitis and meningitis respectively. Further investigations and multiple-modality imaging with ultrasound, CT scan and bone scintigraphy outlined the involvement as limited to the scalp, resulting in a shorter antibiotic treatment period and earlier discharge from hospital. The infant recovered well with parenteral antibiotics, saucerization of the abscess and a later skin grafting procedure.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  13. Gaw AC, Bernstein RL
    Hosp Community Psychiatry, 1992 Aug;43(8):789-93.
    PMID: 1427677
    Culture-bound syndromes have been described worldwide in many individuals and, for certain syndromes, in epidemic proportion, yet these disorders have been classified as rare and exotic conditions warranting minimal attention. Development of the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and the tenth edition of the International Classification of Diseases offers an opportunity for providing a more sophisticated classification of these phenomena. The authors examine amok, a syndrome first described in Malaysia that consists of homicidal frenzy preceded by a state of brooding and ending with somnolence and amnesia. They discuss the concept of and criteria for a culture-specific disorder and propose that amok be classified as a culture-specific explosive behavioral disorder in DSM-IV.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  14. Shahrudin MD, Noori SM
    Hepatogastroenterology, 1997;44(14):441-4.
    PMID: 9164516
    BACKGROUND/AIMS: Recently an increasing number of young colorectal carcinoma patients attending the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur were noted. This report represents our experience with patients suffering from colorectal cancer aged 30 years or younger.
    MATERIALS AND METHODS: All cases of primary carcinoma of the colon and rectum admitted to the University Hospital during 1990 to 1994 were respectively reviewed. Inclusion criteria was that the patient had been 30 years or younger. Data collected included age, gender, race, site of tumour, presenting symptomatology, duration of symptoms, histology, extension of tumour and nodal involvement predisposing factors, treatment and follow-up.
    RESULTS: 21 patients were included, 5 patients (24%) were 30 years old at diagnosis, 12 (57%) patients were aged 20-29 years and 4 patients (19%) were less than 20 years old. Thirteen of the 21 patients were female, and 8 (38%) were male, 6 of the 21 patients (29%) were Malaysian, while 1 was Indian (4%). The remainder were Chinese, 14 patients (67%). Six patients (29%) had their primary tumour located in the rectosigmoid, 4 (19%) in the left colon, 1 (4%) in the splenic flexure, 2 in the transverse colon (9%), 1 in the hepatic flexure (4%) and 5 in the caecum 24(%). One patient had a tumour too diffuse to detect a primary site at the time of operation. One patient with a family history of polyps had his entire colon removed at age 14. He had 3 separate foci of tumour. The 5-year survival rate was 25%.
    DISCUSSION: Most patients with extensive disease and mucinous histology. Lesions are commonly seen beyond the transverse colon (57%). Presentation included most commonly abdominal pain, haematochezia or haemoccult positive stools.
    CONCLUSION: The symptoms above should alert surgeons to colorectal carcinoma as a differential diagnosis
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  15. Camprubí D, Rodriguez-Valero N, Losada I, Grau-Junyent JM, Muñoz J
    Travel Med Infect Dis, 2018 05 23;24:16.
    PMID: 29802894 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2018.05.009
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  16. Sarin SK, Choudhury A, Sharma MK, Maiwall R, Al Mahtab M, Rahman S, et al.
    Hepatol Int, 2019 Jul;13(4):353-390.
    PMID: 31172417 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-019-09946-3
    The first consensus report of the working party of the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL) set up in 2004 on acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) was published in 2009. With international groups volunteering to join, the "APASL ACLF Research Consortium (AARC)" was formed in 2012, which continued to collect prospective ACLF patient data. Based on the prospective data analysis of nearly 1400 patients, the AARC consensus was published in 2014. In the past nearly four-and-a-half years, the AARC database has been enriched to about 5200 cases by major hepatology centers across Asia. The data published during the interim period were carefully analyzed and areas of contention and new developments in the field of ACLF were prioritized in a systematic manner. The AARC database was also approached for answering some of the issues where published data were limited, such as liver failure grading, its impact on the 'Golden Therapeutic Window', extrahepatic organ dysfunction and failure, development of sepsis, distinctive features of acute decompensation from ACLF and pediatric ACLF and the issues were analyzed. These initiatives concluded in a two-day meeting in October 2018 at New Delhi with finalization of the new AARC consensus. Only those statements, which were based on evidence using the Grade System and were unanimously recommended, were accepted. Finalized statements were again circulated to all the experts and subsequently presented at the AARC investigators meeting at the AASLD in November 2018. The suggestions from the experts were used to revise and finalize the consensus. After detailed deliberations and data analysis, the original definition of ACLF was found to withstand the test of time and be able to identify a homogenous group of patients presenting with liver failure. New management options including the algorithms for the management of coagulation disorders, renal replacement therapy, sepsis, variceal bleed, antivirals and criteria for liver transplantation for ACLF patients were proposed. The final consensus statements along with the relevant background information and areas requiring future studies are presented here.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  17. Cardosa MJ, Wang SM, Sum MS, Tio PH
    BMC Microbiol, 2002 May 5;2:9.
    PMID: 12019028
    In Southeast Asia, dengue viruses often co-circulate with other flaviviruses such as Japanese encephalitis virus, and due to the presence of shared antigenic epitopes it is often difficult to use serological methods to distinguish between previous infections by these flaviviruses.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  18. Ran Z, Wu K, Matsuoka K, Jeen YT, Wei SC, Ahuja V, et al.
    J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2021 Mar;36(3):637-645.
    PMID: 32672839 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15185
    Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has increased in incidence and prevalence in Asian countries since the end of the 20th century. Moreover, differences in the cause, phenotypes, and natural history of IBD between the East and West have been recognized. Therefore, the Asian Organization for Crohn's and Colitis and the Asia Pacific Association of Gastroenterology have established recommendations on medical management of IBD in Asia. Initially, the committee members drafted 40 recommendations, which were then assessed according to Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. Eight statements were rejected as this indicated that consensus had not been reached. The recommendations encompass pretreatment evaluation; medical management of active IBD; medical management of IBD in remission; management of IBD during the periconception period and pregnancy; surveillance strategies for colitis-associated cancer; monitoring side effects of thiopurines and methotrexate; and infections in IBD.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  19. Alsulaimy M, Punchai S, Ali FA, Kroh M, Schauer PR, Brethauer SA, et al.
    Obes Surg, 2017 Aug;27(8):1924-1928.
    PMID: 28229315 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-017-2590-0
    PURPOSE: Chronic abdominal pain after bariatric surgery is associated with diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. The aim of this study was to evaluate the yield of laparoscopy as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool in post-bariatric surgery patients with chronic abdominal pain who had negative imaging and endoscopic studies.

    METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on post-bariatric surgery patients who underwent laparoscopy for diagnosis and treatment of chronic abdominal pain at a single academic center. Only patients with both negative preoperative CT scan and upper endoscopy were included.

    RESULTS: Total of 35 post-bariatric surgery patients met the inclusion criteria, and all had history of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Twenty out of 35 patients (57%) had positive findings on diagnostic laparoscopy including presence of adhesions (n = 12), chronic cholecystitis (n = 4), mesenteric defect (n = 2), internal hernia (n = 1), and necrotic omentum (n = 1). Two patients developed post-operative complications including a pelvic abscess and an abdominal wall abscess. Overall, 15 patients (43%) had symptomatic improvement after laparoscopy; 14 of these patients had positive laparoscopic findings requiring intervention (70% of the patients with positive laparoscopy). Conversely, 20 (57%) patients required long-term medical treatment for management of chronic abdominal pain.

    CONCLUSION: Diagnostic laparoscopy, which is a safe procedure, can detect pathological findings in more than half of post-bariatric surgery patients with chronic abdominal pain of unknown etiology. About 40% of patients who undergo diagnostic laparoscopy and 70% of patients with positive findings on laparoscopy experience significant symptom improvement. Patients should be informed that diagnostic laparoscopy is associated with no symptom improvement in about half of cases.

    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
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