Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 810 in total

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  1. Shiran MS, Tan GC, Sabariah AR, Rampal L, Phang KS
    Med J Malaysia, 2007 Mar;62(1):36-9.
    PMID: 17682568 MyJurnal
    The diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma (Pca) on routine biopsies may be challenging, and to date the commonly used marker to distinguish prostate carcinoma from benign prostatic lesions has been High Molecular Weight-Cytokeratin (HMW-CK). However, the antigen of HMW-CK is susceptible to the effect of formalin fixation and causes frequent loss or patchy staining in the obviously benign glands. More recently, antibodies to p63 have been reported to be more sensitive than HMW-CK for the detection of prostatic basal cells. p63, a homologue of tumour suppressor gene p53, is essential for prostate development and is selectively expressed in the nuclei of basal cells of normal prostate glands. The objective of this study is to compare the sensitivity and specificity of HMW-CK and p63 in distinguishing prostatic carcinomas from benign prostatic lesions, as well as determining their positive predictive values. Seventy-two cases from HUKM (comprising 29 prostatic carcinomas and 43 benign prostatic hyperplasias) were stained for both HMW-CK and p63. The sensitivity of p63 and HMW-CK in identifying basal cells in benign glands was 88.37% and 90.70% respectively. The specificity of both reagents was 100%, and the positive predictive value for both reagents was also 100%. Thus, p63 is a useful complementary basal cell specific stain to HMW-CK, and would be very helpful to practicing pathologists in dealing with difficult cases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  2. Kirchgatterer A, Allinger S, Balon R, Tuppy H, Knoflach P
    Z Gastroenterol, 1998 Oct;36(10):897-900.
    PMID: 9846368
    A 43-year-old woman developed abdominal pain and diarrhea following a travel to Malaysia. Examinations in another hospital proved no evidence of infection, an empirical antibiotic therapy with ciprofloxacin yielded no benefit. One and a half year later, the patient was admitted to our department because of persistent diarrhea and wasting. Laboratory tests showed megaloblastic anemia, folate deficiency and steatorrhea. Stool specimens for bacterial pathogens and parasites were negative. Endoscopy and biopsy from the distal portion of the duodenum revealed broadening and shortening of the villi and an increased infiltration of the lamina propria by chronic inflammatory cells (plasma cells and lymphocytes). In conclusion, diagnosis of tropical sprue was established. The therapy comprised of tetracycline for six weeks and folic acid for six months. Subsequently, the diarrhea disappeared, the patient continuously gained weight and was free of any complaints. The complete remission following this regimen proved the suspected diagnosis. Differential diagnosis in any patient who recently returned from the tropics may be a challenge. Tropical sprue predominantly occurs during or after a longer stay in endemic areas. However, if chronic diarrhea and signs of malabsorption develop after a short journey to India, South-East Asia and parts of the Caribbean, tropical sprue has to be considered, too.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  3. Korenek J
    Vnitr Lek, 1970 Apr;16(4):371-8.
    PMID: 4910163
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  4. Slesak G, Tappe D, Keller C, Cramer J, Güthoff W, Zanger P, et al.
    Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr., 2014 May;139(19):990-5.
    PMID: 24782151 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1370004
    Since 2011, about 100 travellers to the island of Tioman, Malaysia, have been diagnosed worldwide with suspected muscular sarcocystosis, a previously only sporadically observed parasitic disease. Source of infection and therapy remain unclear. Final diagnosis requires microscopic identification of cysts in muscle biopsies. The study objective was a systematic description of characteristic symptoms, laboratory investigations and treatment response.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  5. Hafner C, Koellner K, Vogt T, Landthaler M, Szeimies RM
    Hautarzt, 2006 Aug;57(8):705-7.
    PMID: 16283129
    A 39-year-old patient developed a disseminated rash with scattered petechiae, fever, malaise and arthralgia after a trip to Malaysia. The patient displayed increasing dengue IgG titers and borderline dengue IgM titers. Dengue fever with a hemorrhagic course is a rare condition in adult patients. Patients who have previously had dengue fever and retained non-neutralizing heterotypic antibodies are more likely to develop this complication via the phenomenon of antibody-dependent enhancement.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  6. Staub T, Steurer J
    Praxis (Bern 1994), 1996 May 7;85(19):636-9.
    PMID: 8693232
    A 30-year-old female entered the emergency room for medical advice because of progressive deterioration of general health with headache, arthralgias, myalgias and fever after a vacation of three weeks in Malaysia and Hong Kong. Because of persistent fever, lymphadenopathy, slight leuco- and thrombocytopenia and only insignificantly elevated humoral signs of an inflammatory process, the patient was treated symptomatically after exclusion of malaria. A viral disease was suspected. Two days later, an exanthema erupted suddenly on the trunk. Pinhead-sized livid, flat macules, increasing in size within hours and spreading to the extremities, were observed. Further investigations revealed a significantly elevated titer of IgG directed against rickettsia conorii, leading to the diagnosis of Mediterranean spotted fever. Under antibiotic treatment with tetracycline, the aforementioned findings regressed within few days, and the patient recovered completely.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  7. Pedalino M, Vercesi E, Manini C, Piras D, Di Primio OG, Vella R, et al.
    Urologia, 2010 Oct-Dec;77 Suppl 17:38-41.
    PMID: 21308673
    Authors present a case of bilharziosis incidentally diagnosed in a patient undergoing TURB for suspected bladder cancer. The patient, who in 2005 had gone to Malaysia, had been suffering from recurrent hemorrhagic cystitis since 2007, which were treated with antibiotic therapy. In November 2009 he presented to our observation for persistent hematuria, underwent ultrasound examination, fibroscopy and TURB diagnostics for suspicious lesions. The histopathology diagnosis found granulomatous lesions with typical parasites eggs due to schistosomiasis eggs. As a consequence of that, the patient underwent medical therapy. The pathologist's role becomes nullifying not only for the diagnosis of parasitic infections but also for the exclusion or evidence of urothelial squamous neoplasia. The low incidence of this rare parasitic disease in European tourists and the presence of immigrants in our country require to spread the knowledge of these parasites and the most simple tests for early detection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  8. Maharajan MK, Ranjan A, Chu JF, Foo WL, Chai ZX, Lau EY, et al.
    Clin Rev Allergy Immunol, 2016 Dec;51(3):383-394.
    PMID: 27236440
    The Zika virus outbreaks highlight the growing importance need for a reliable, specific and rapid diagnostic device to detect Zika virus, as it is often recognized as a mild disease without being identified. Many Zika virus infection cases have been misdiagnosed or underreported because of the non-specific clinical presentation. The aim of this review was to provide a critical and comprehensive overview of the published peer-reviewed evidence related to clinical presentations, various diagnostic methods and modes of transmission of Zika virus infection, as well as potential therapeutic targets to combat microcephaly. Zika virus is mainly transmitted through bites from Aedes aegypti mosquito. It can also be transmitted through blood, perinatally and sexually. Pregnant women are advised to postpone or avoid travelling to areas where active Zika virus transmission is reported, as this infection is directly linked to foetal microcephaly. Due to the high prevalence of Guillain-Barre syndrome and microcephaly in the endemic area, it is vital to confirm the diagnosis of Zika virus. Zika virus infection had been declared as a public health emergency and of international concern by the World Health Organisation. Governments and agencies should play an important role in terms of investing time and resources to fundamentally understand this infection so that a vaccine can be developed besides raising awareness.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  9. Devadason I
    Med J Malaysia, 1975 Dec;30(2):114-20.
    PMID: 1228376
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  10. Wedge E, Abrahamson E, Tudor-Williams G, Nadel S, Deal J
    Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed, 2017 Aug;102(4):210-219.
    PMID: 27780827 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2015-308957
    The case of an 11-year-old child presenting with acute haemoptysis and breathlessness is described. The girl was Malaysian and had recently arrived in the UK. She subsequently deteriorated, developing respiratory failure. The course of the illness is described, with reference to the diagnostic process at each stage. The case demonstrates the importance of having a broad investigatory approach in acute haemoptysis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  11. Tan HJR
    BMJ Case Rep, 2017 Sep 23;2017.
    PMID: 28942410 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-221518
    This was about a case of a patient requiring admission to psychiatry ward twice a year for relapse schizophrenia due to medication non-compliance. Medication adherence was previously monitored by her husband. However, following the death of her husband, she stopped treatment. The lack of insight and poor family support further contributed to her relapse. She presented with positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia during her relapse, neglecting her hygiene and oral intake. She was also found to have anaemia as a result of poor diet when she was in relapse. Community psychiatry services had attempted to ensure compliance with postdischarge plan but failed as patient was not present every home visits. Supervised treatment in outpatient for schizophrenia (STOPS) provided an alternative method to ensure compliance in this patient. Patient has remained in remission for 1 year since the use of STOPS.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  12. Sureisen M, Achannan R, Chong KC, Wong CC
    BMJ Case Rep, 2015 Oct 27;2015.
    PMID: 26508120 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2015-212748
    Congenital spinal fusion of an odontoid process to an atlantal hemiarch is very rare. The unfamiliarity of the medical fraternity with this congenital malformation can easily be mistaken for an acute fracture, chronic infection or inflammatory disease. We present our experience of managing an adult who presented with neck pain after a motor vehicle accident. Radiological investigation revealed congenital fusion of the odontoid process to the atlantal hemiarch. The prevalence, embryology and clinical significance of this anomaly are discussed. As the natural progression of this anomaly is not well documented, we suggest periodic follow-up to monitor the progression of degenerative changes and instability of the occipitoatlantal junction.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  13. Tan GJS, Tan AGS, Peh WCG
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Jun;63(2):164-5.
    PMID: 18942311
    A 74-year-old woman was incidentally found to have a left breast mass. The mass could not be adequately compressed to be visualized on mammography. Ultrasonography showed a heavily-calcified rounded mass in the left axillary tail of the left breast. Chest radiograph confirmed that the mass was a migrated humeral head. Remotely-displaced fracture-dislocations of the humeral head are very rare and to our knowledge, displacement into the breast, clinically mimicking a breast mass, has not been previously described.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  14. Huei LT, Yee EYW
    J Cutan Med Surg, 2020 05 22;25(3):329.
    PMID: 32442016 DOI: 10.1177/1203475420928927
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  15. Raymond AA, Gilmore WV, Scott CA, Fish DR, Smith SJ
    Epileptic Disord, 1999 Jun;1(2):101-6.
    PMID: 10937139
    Video-EEG telemetry is often used to support the diagnosis of non-epileptic seizures (NES). Although rare, some patients may have both epileptic seizures (ES) and NES. It is crucially important to identify such patients to avoid the hazards of inappropriate anticonvulsant withdrawal. To delineate the electroclinical characteristics and diagnostic problems in this group of patients, we studied the clinical, EEG and MRI features of 14 consecutive patients in whom separate attacks, considered to be both NES and ES were recorded using video-EEG telemetry. Only two patients were drug-reduced during the telemetry. Most patients had their first seizure (ES or NES) in childhood (median age 7 years; range: 6 months-24 years); 8/14 patients were female. Brain MRI was abnormal in 10/14 patients. Interictal EEG abnormalities were present in all patients; 13/14 had epileptiform and 1/14 only background abnormalities. Over 70 seizures were recorded in these 14 patients: in 12/14 patients, the first recorded seizure was a NES (p < 0.001), and 7 of these patients had at least one more NES before an ES was recorded. Only 3/14 patients had more than 5 NES before an ES was recorded. Recording a small number of apparently NES in an individual by no means precludes the possibility of additional epilepsy. Particular care should be taken, and multiple (> 5) seizure recording may be advisable, in patients with a young age of seizure onset, interictal EEG abnormalities, or a clear, potential aetiology for epilepsy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  16. Thuraikumar K, Wan KL, Ong KL, Lim SW
    Malays Orthop J, 2020 Jul;14(2):141-144.
    PMID: 32983391 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.2007.024
    Gouty arthritis commonly affects peripheral joints and is associated with hyperuricaemia. Spinal manifestations of gouty arthritis are not common, and majority of published articles worldwide were case reports. This is a case report of spinal gouty arthritis that presented with spinal vertebrae destruction and cauda equina syndrome. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed destruction of L5/S1end plates with cystic collection mimicking infective changes. The tissue histological examination confirmed presence of urate crystal needles that displayed negative double refraction on light microscopy. Spinal gouty arthritis is part of the differential diagnoses in gouty arthritis patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  17. Mohamed KN
    Ann Trop Paediatr, 1990;10(3):273-7.
    PMID: 1703744
    A wide variety of skin disorders in children are encountered by doctors practising in tropical countries. While some of them are common and pose little difficulty in their management, a few are uncommon, run a protracted course and cause errors in diagnosis. Two patients--one with cutaneous tuberculosis and the other with chromomycosis--are described and illustrate the importance of early and prompt detection of disease in children.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  18. Chan KY, Yoong CK, Naqiyah I, Norlia A
    Nepal Med Coll J, 2004 Dec;6(2):152-3.
    PMID: 16295751
    We report two cases of uncommon vascular lesions (Littoral cell angioma and liver haemangioma) mimicking traumatic organ injuries. The patients' histories and clinical findings of trauma were well demonstrated. Both patients had interesting CT scan features that were suggestive of solid organ injuries. However, both conditions were subsequently found to be benign incidental lesions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  19. Tan HK, Bakri MM, Peh WC
    Semin Musculoskelet Radiol, 2014 Feb;18(1):45-53.
    PMID: 24515881 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1365834
    MR imaging is an established tool for the detection and diagnosis of various injuries and internal derangements of the knee, enabling excellent anatomical visualization and producing good soft tissue contrast and characterization. However, numerous normal variants and potential pitfalls may lead to diagnostic errors. Understanding the basic MR imaging principles, applying the correct technique, knowing the normal anatomy and variants, recognizing artifacts, and assuring good clinical and radiographic correlation helps avoid these potential pitfalls.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
  20. Pue LB, Lo TS, Wu PY
    Int Urogynecol J, 2013 Nov;24(11):1985-7.
    PMID: 23430075 DOI: 10.1007/s00192-013-2060-8
    Vaginal vascular malformation (VVM) is rare. There are, in fact, less than ten cases reported to date. VVM often presents as a mass protruding from the vagina, mimicking pelvic organ prolapse (POP). It can coexist with POP, thereby usually exaggerating the severity of POP. We report a case of VVM in a premenopausal woman who presented as severe POP and urinary incontinence. The diagnosis was confirmed with computed tomography (CT) scan and angiography. The patient underwent conservative management with embolization. These procedures had to be repeated three times in 1.5 years due to lesion recurrence. In mitigation, conservative treatment eliminates the risks associated with surgery, e.g. massive hemorrhage and visceral injuries. It does, however, require a long course of treatment and follow-up.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential
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