Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 286 in total

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  1. Chuah YY, Tashi T, Lee YY, Fu TY, Shih CA
    Acta Gastroenterol Belg, 2020 4 2;83(1):77-80.
    PMID: 32233276
    Background: Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL) is a rare type of gastrointestinal non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma. EATL with intracranial metastasis is even rarer. We report a case of EATL with intracranial metastasis.

    Case Presentation: A 36-years old man presented with five weeks history of intractable diarrhea. Colonoscopy was normal, but abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan revealed mural thickening at duodenojejunal junction, and subsequent jejunofiberoscopy showed a circumferential ulceration at the jejunum. Histo-immunopathology confirmed the diagnosis of enteropathyassociated T-cell lymphoma (EATL) type II. His disease course proved to be aggressive and refractory to standard front-line chemotherapy, and eventually progressed through second-line salvage regimen with CNS and intracranial involvement. He died nine months after the initial diagnosis.

    Conclusion: EATL with brain metastasis is a very rare occurrence with dismal prognosis.

    Matched MeSH terms: Diarrhea
  2. Hashan MR, Elhusseiny KM, Huu-Hoai L, Tieu TM, Low SK, Minh LHN, et al.
    Acta Trop, 2020 Oct;210:105603.
    PMID: 32598920 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105603
    We aimed to systematically review evidence pertaining to the safety and efficacy of nitazoxanide in treating infectious diarrhea. On September 21, 2017, we identified relevant studies using 12 databases. The estimates of the included studies were pooled as a risk ratio (RR). We conducted a network and pairwise random-effects meta-analysis for both direct and indirect comparisons of different organisms that are known to cause diarrhea. The primary and secondary analysis outcomes were clinical response until cessation of illness, parasitological response and adverse events. We included 18 studies in our analysis. In cryptosporidiosis, the overall estimate favored nitazoxanide in its clinical response in comparison with placebo RR 1.46 [95% CI 1.22-1.74; P-value <0.0001]. Network meta-analysis among patients with Giardia intestinalis showed an increase in the probability of diarrheal cessation and parasitological responses in comparison with placebo, RR 1.69 [95% CI 1.08-2.64, P-score 0.27] and RR 2.91 [95% CI 1.72-4.91, P-score 0.55] respectively. In Clostridium difficile infection, the network meta-analysis revealed a non-significantly superior clinical response effect of nitazoxanide to metronidazole 31 days after treatment RR 1.21 [95% CI 0.87-1.69, P-score 0.26]. In Entamoeba histolytica, the overall estimate significantly favored nitazoxanide in parasitological response with placebo RR 1.80 [95% CI 1.35-2.40, P-value < 0.001]. We highlighted the effectiveness of nitazoxanide in the cessation of diarrhea caused by Cryptosporidium, Giardia intestinalis and Entamoeba histolytica infection. We also found significant superiority of NTZ to metronidazole in improving the clinical response to G. intestinalis, thus it may be a suitable candidate for treating infection-induced diarrhea. To prove the superiority of NTZ during a C. difficile infection may warrant a larger-scale clinical trial since its superiority was deemed insignificant. We recommend nitazoxanide as an appropriate option for treating infectious diarrhea.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diarrhea/drug therapy*; Diarrhea/etiology
  3. Dharmalingam SR, Madhappan R, Ramamurthy S, Chidambaram K, Srikanth MV, Shanmugham S, et al.
    PMID: 25435611
    BACKGROUND: The present study aimed at investigating the effect of ethanolic extract (EtAI), and aqueous extract (AqAI) of Aristolochia indica Linn roots on castor oil-induced diarrhoea and study on small intestinal transit. Phytochemical analysis of extracts was performed as per standard procedure.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: The oral toxicity study using Swiss albino mice was performed in accordance with OECD guidelines. The EtAI and AqAI extracts of Aristolochia indica Linn were studied for antidiarrhoeal property using castor oil-induced diarrhoeal model and charcoal-induced gastrointestinal motility test in Swiss albino mice.

    RESULTS: Among the tested doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight, the extracts reduced the frequency and severity of diarrhoea in test animals throughout the study period. At the same doses, the extract delayed the intestinal transit of charcoal meal in test animals as compared to the control and the results were statistically significant.

    CONCLUSION: Experimental findings showed that ethanol extract of Aristolochia indica Linn root possess significant antidiarrheal activity and may be a potent source of anti-diarrhoeal drug in future.

    Matched MeSH terms: Antidiarrheals/administration & dosage*; Diarrhea/drug therapy*
  4. Chuah KH, Black CJ, Tee V, Lim SZ, Hian WX, Sahran NF, et al.
    Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 2023 Aug;58(4):476-477.
    PMID: 37499105 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17634
    Matched MeSH terms: Diarrhea
  5. Sejdini A, Mahmud R, Lim YA, Mahdy M, Sejdini F, Gjoni V, et al.
    Ann Trop Med Parasitol, 2011 Apr;105(3):241-50.
    PMID: 21801503 DOI: 10.1179/136485911X12987676649584
    Although intestinal parasitic infections (IPI) among children remain a global issue, the current information on such infections in Albanian children is very limited. A cross-sectional study of the IPI in 321 children living in the Albanian counties of Tirana (152) and Elbasan (169) was therefore conducted in 2008, with a pre-tested standard questionnaire employed to gather the relevant personal and clinical data. Using formalin-ether concentration and permanent stains, stool samples were examined microscopically for the ova, cysts and oocysts of any parasites. The overall prevalence of IPI was 19% (61 of 321), with protozoan infections (11·5%) apparently more common than infections with soil-transmitted helminths (STH; 8·1%). Giardia duodenalis was the parasite most frequently detected (10·9%), followed by hookworm (5·6%), Ascaris lumbricoides (1·9%), Trichuris trichiura (0·6%), Cryptosporidium (0·3%) and Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (0·3%). The results of a univariate analysis indicated that the children from Tirana county were significantly more likely to be found infected with STH compared with the children from Elbasan county (12·5% v. 4·1%; P=0·006). Children sampled in the community were also more likely to be found STH-positive than the children sampled as they attended hospitals and health clinics (10·5% v. 6·0%) but this difference did not reach statistical significance. The children found STH-positive were five times more likely to be suffering from diarrhoea than the other children checked in clinical settings (P=0·004) and were also more likely to be suffering from abdominal pain (P=0·054) and/or diminished appetite (P=0·016).
    Matched MeSH terms: Diarrhea/epidemiology; Diarrhea/parasitology
  6. O'Holohan DR, Hugoe-Mathews J
    Ann Trop Med Parasitol, 1970 Dec;64(4):475-9.
    PMID: 5276552
    Matched MeSH terms: Diarrhea/etiology
  7. Kumar M, Tata MD, Sahid Nik Lah NA
    Ann Med Surg (Lond), 2021 May;65:102353.
    PMID: 34007446 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102353
    Introduction: Signet cell carcinoma (SRCC)of the rectum is a rare subtype of the rectum cancer which accounts for only 0.8% of colorectal cancer in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) which spread aggressively to other organs and peritoneum.

    Case presentation: We present a case of 15-year-old boy from rural area, presented with chronic diarrhea and per rectal bleeding for 3 months. The diagnosis was determined by colonoscope which revealed a fungating mass identified at 10cm from anal verge. Histological examination confirmed diagnosis of signet ring cell adenocarcinoma. CT scan of the abdomen showed thickening involving the recto-sigmoid colon and rectal mass, without evidence of distant metastatic disease. The patient's carcinoembryonic antigen level was within the normal range. He underwent a colostomy and was subjected to neoadjuvant CCRT and surgery.

    Discussion: This CASE highlights the importance and challenges in achieving early diagnosis and surgical intervention of signet-ring cell carcinoma in adolescents, as most cases are detected at an advanced stage coupled with the scarcity of information on these rarer subtypes which leads to a poor prognosis.

    Conclusion: In managing Signet cell carcinoma of the colorectal, physician have to know that it has a poor prognosis in patients of any age. However, in young teenagers delayed diagnosis and treatment option are narrowed to palliative management. Genetic profiling of family members and similar environment population may be a key to early detection.

    Matched MeSH terms: Diarrhea
  8. Marwan AA, Ngiu CS, Periyasamy P
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 2013 Feb;42(2):97-8.
    PMID: 23515696
    Matched MeSH terms: Diarrhea/etiology*
  9. Lam SK
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 1987 Apr;16(2):250-1.
    PMID: 3318653
    Viral infections are probably the most important cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in the world. In many developing countries in South East Asia and the Western Pacific, priority health problems include acute respiratory infections, acute diarrhoeas and arboviral infections. Where studies have been carried out, there is no significant difference in the aetiological agents involved or in the manifestation of clinical childhood disease. Surveillance of these diseases have improved with the introduction of rapid viral diagnosis. The better understanding of the immunopathogenesis of many diseases have also encouraged research in this area and will lead to the better control and management of these diseases. However, the search for antivirals has been disappointing but fortunately new vaccines are on the horizon and the prospect for bringing some of these diseases under control through vaccination are bright.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diarrhea/etiology
  10. Lye MS
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 1984 Apr;13(2):156-62.
    PMID: 6497315
    A survey was conducted in six selected rural villages to obtain baseline data on socioeconomic status, nutrition, environmental sanitation and behavioural aspects in relation to diarrhoeal diseases, using a standard questionnaire. Subsequent to this, children 0-4 years of age were followed weekly for six months for diarrhoeal disease. Eleven variables representing socioeconomic status, nutritional status, housing condition, environmental sanitation, mother's knowledge and beliefs were investigated using stepwise logistic regression to determine significant predictors of diarrhoeal disease. Children who were below two years of age, living in conditions of poor sanitation and poor quality water supply, whose houses were prone to flooding and who had mothers whose sanitary habits were not influenced by their religious beliefs, were at significantly greater risk of diarrhoeal disease.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diarrhea/etiology; Diarrhea/epidemiology*
  11. Iyngkaran N, Yadav M, Boey CG
    Arch Dis Child, 1989 Sep;64(9):1256-60.
    PMID: 2817945
    Eleven infants who were suspected clinically of having cows' milk protein sensitive enteropathy were fed with a protein hydrolysate formula for six to eight weeks, after which they had jejunal and rectal biopsies taken before and 24 hours after challenge with cows' milk protein. When challenged six infants (group 1) developed clinical symptoms and five did not (group 2). In group 1 the lesions developed in both the jejunal mucosa (four infants at 24 hours and one at three days), and the rectal mucosa, and the injury was associated with depletion of alkaline phosphatase activity. Infants in group 2 were normal. It seems that rectal injury that develops as a direct consequence of oral challenge with the protein in reactive infants may be used as one of the measurements to confirm the diagnosis of cows' milk protein sensitive enteropathy. Moreover, ingestion of such food proteins may injure the distal colonic mucosa without affecting the proximal small gut in some infants.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diarrhea, Infantile/etiology
  12. Rasool NB, Larralde G, Gorziglia MI
    Arch Virol, 1993;133(3-4):275-82.
    PMID: 8257289
    The VP4 genetic groups of 151 field strains of human rotaviruses obtained from infants and young children with diarrhea from four locations in Malaysia were analyzed. The strains were adapted to growth in tissue culture and studied further by molecular hybridization of northern blotted RNA to PCR-generated cDNA probes representing amino acids 84-180 of the KU strain VP4, 83-181 of the DS-1 strain VP4, and 83-180 of either the 1076 or K8 strain VP4, representing VP4 genetic groups 1-4 (P1A, P1B, P2, and P3), respectively. The majority (79% of the field strains hybridized with the KU VP4 genetic group 1 probe and were associated with G1, G3, G4, untypable, or mixed G serotypes. VP4 genetic group 1 (P1A) strains were the most common in all locations in Malaysia between 1978-1988. Three strains which exhibited G3 and subgroup I specificity hybridized with the K8 VP4 genetic group 4 probe. These three VP4 genetic group 4 (P3) strains were detected in two different years and locations, extending the initial detection of this VP4 genetic group (the K8 strain) in Japan to a larger geographical area of Asia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diarrhea/microbiology
  13. Bozdayi G, Altay A, Yahiro T, Ahmed S, Meral M, Dogan B, et al.
    Arch Virol, 2016 Oct;161(10):2879-84.
    PMID: 27444180 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2986-5
    This study was done to understand the dynamics of rotavirus genotype distribution in Turkish children. Samples were collected from January 2006 through August 2011 from children at a hospital in Ankara. Rotavirus was detected in 28 % (241/889) of the samples. Genotype G9P[8] was predominant (28 %), followed by G1P[8] (16.3 %) and G2P[8] (15.9 %). G9 was absent in the samples from 2006 and 2007 and then re-emerged in 2008 and increased gradually. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Turkish G9 rotaviruses of the present study formed a sublineage with strains from Italy and Ethiopia, possibly indicating spread of a clone in these countries.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diarrhea/epidemiology*; Diarrhea/virology
  14. Amit LN, John JL, Mori D, Chin AZ, Mosiun AK, Ahmed K
    Arch Virol, 2023 Jun 03;168(6):173.
    PMID: 37269384 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05803-9
    Rotaviruses are major causative agents of acute diarrhea in children under 5 years of age in Malaysia. However, a rotavirus vaccine has not been included in the national vaccination program. To date, only two studies have been carried out in the state of Sabah, Malaysia, although children in this state are at risk of diarrheal diseases. Previous studies showed that 16%-17% of cases of diarrhea were caused by rotaviruses and that equine-like G3 rotavirus strains are predominant. Because the prevalence of rotaviruses and their genotype distribution vary over time, this study was conducted at four government healthcare facilities from September 2019 through February 2020. Our study revealed that the proportion of rotavirus diarrhea increased significantly to 37.2% (51/137) after the emergence of the G9P[8] genotype in replacement of the G12P[8] genotype. Although equine-like G3P[8] strains remain the predominant rotaviruses circulating among children, the Sabahan G9P[8] strain belonged to lineage VI and was phylogenetically related to strains from other countries. A comparison of the Sabahan G9 strains with the G9 vaccine strains used in the RotaSiil and Rotavac vaccines revealed several mismatches in neutralizing epitopes, indicating that these vaccines might not be effective in Sabahan children. However, a vaccine trial may be necessary to understand the precise effects of vaccination.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diarrhea/epidemiology
  15. Yusuf A, Ahmad Z, Keng SL
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2013;14(1):435-40.
    PMID: 23534769
    BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death among women in Malaysia. A diagnosis is very stressful for women, affecting all aspects of their being and quality of life. As such, there is little information on quality of life of women with breast cancer across the different ethnic groups in Malaysia. The purpose of this study was to examine the quality of life in Malay and Chinese women newly diagnosed with breast cancer in Kelantan.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive study involved 58 Malays and 15 Chinese women newly diagnosed with breast cancer prior to treatment. Quality of life was measured using the Malay version of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) and its breast-specific module (QLQ-BR23). Socio-demographic and clinical data were also collected. All the data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0.

    RESULTS: Most of the women were married with at least a secondary education and were in late stages of breast cancer. The Malay women had lower incomes (p=0.046) and more children (p=0.001) when compared to the Chinese women. Generally, both the Malay and Chinese women had good functioning quality-of-life scores [mean score range: 60.3-84.8 (Malays); 65.0-91.1 (Chinese)] and global quality of life [mean score 60.3, SD 22.2 (Malays); mean score 65.0, SD 26.6 (Chinese)]. The Malay women experienced more symptoms such as nausea and vomiting (p=0.002), dyspnoea (p=0.004), constipation (p<0.001) and breast-specific symptoms (p=0.041) when compared to the Chinese.

    CONCLUSIONS: Quality of life was satisfactory in both Malays and Chinese women newly diagnosed with breast cancer in Kelantan. However, Malay women had a lower quality of life due to high general as well as breast-specific symptoms. This study finding underlined the importance of measuring quality of life in the newly diagnosed breast cancer patient, as it will provide a broader picture on how a cancer diagnosis impacts multi-ethnic patients. Once health care professionals understand this, they might then be able to determine how to best support and improve the quality of life of these women during the difficult times of their disease and on-going cancer treatments.

    Matched MeSH terms: Diarrhea/etiology
  16. Chee Chean D, Kuo Zang W, Lim M, Zulkefle N
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2016 12 01;17(12):5121-5126.
    PMID: 28122444
    Objective: To investigate the impact of chemotherapy on quality of life (QoL) among breast cancer patients and to evaluate the relationship with age, cancer stage and presence of any comorbidity. Methods: A prospective study was conducted among breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy in Hospital Melaka from 1st January 2014 to 31st July 2014. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) was given to patients to fill in prior chemotherapy (baseline) and after the third cycle of chemotherapy. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Result: Respondents were 32 female patients [mean age (SD): 49.7(9.93) years]. They reported a significant lower global health status (P < 0.01) and significant higher symptoms of nausea and vomiting (P < 0.01), loss of appetite (P = 0.028) and diarrhea (P = 0.026) after the third cycle of chemotherapy as compared to baseline. Compare to, this study showed significant better emotional functioning (P < 0.01) and social functioning (P < 0.01) than the EORTC QLQ-C30 Reference Values 2008 for breast cancer cases. Under symptom scales higher scores were noted for appetite loss (P = 0.017), nausea and vomiting (P < 0.01). Age, stage and comorbidity had no clear associations with global health status in our patients (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Chemotherapy did reduce the QoL of breast cancer patients. Management of chemotherapy-induced loss of appetite, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting should be improved for a better outcome.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diarrhea
  17. Iyngkaran N, Robinson MJ, Davis KA, Sumithran E, Kumar MV, Ong TH, et al.
    Aust Paediatr J, 1979 Dec;15(4):266-70.
    PMID: 546392
    Matched MeSH terms: Diarrhea, Infantile/etiology*
  18. Saqib F, Ahmed MG, Janbaz KH, Dewanjee S, Jaafar HZ, Zia-Ul-Haq M
    PMID: 26354022 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0837-7
    Murraya paniculata is traditionally used for management of gut, air way and cardiovascular disorders. The study was conducted for provision of pharmacological rationalization for folkloric uses of Murraya paniculata in gut, air way and cardiovascular problems.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diarrhea/metabolism*
  19. Alam S, Rashid MA, Sarker MMR, Emon NU, Arman M, Mohamed IN, et al.
    BMC Complement Med Ther, 2021 Apr 12;21(1):119.
    PMID: 33845836 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03290-6
    BACKGROUND: Colocasia gigantea, locally named as kochu is well-known due to its various healing power. This research is to investigate the antidiarrheal, antimicrobial and antioxidant possibilities of the methanol soluble extract of Colocasia gigantea.

    METHODS: The antidiarrheal investigation was performed by using in vivo castor oil-induced diarrheal method whereas in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant investigation have been implemented by disc diffusion and DPPH scavenging method respectively. Moreover, in silico studies were followed by molecular docking analysis of several secondary metabolites that were appraised with Schrödinger-Maestro v11.1 and Biovia Discovery Studio.

    RESULTS: The induction of plant extract (200 and 400 mg/kg, b.w, p.o) has minimized the castor oil mediated diarrhea by 16.96% (p diarrhea along with being a potential wellspring of antioxidant and antimicrobial agents which can be considered as an alternate source for exploration of new medicinal products in near future.

    Matched MeSH terms: Antidiarrheals; Diarrhea
  20. Hilmi I, Hartono JL, Pailoor J, Mahadeva S, Goh KL
    BMC Gastroenterol, 2013;13:80.
    PMID: 23651739 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230X-13-80
    There is increasing evidence for the role of microscopic inflammation in patients with IBS. We aimed to examine the prevalence of microscopic colitis and inflammation in Malaysian IBS patients with diarrhoea (IBS-D).
    Matched MeSH terms: Diarrhea/etiology
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