Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 158 in total

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  1. Ab Rahman AF
    Bull World Health Organ, 2019 Nov 01;97(11):730.
    PMID: 31673185 DOI: 10.2471/BLT.19.245019
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/epidemiology*
  2. Abd Hamid MR, Tai ELM, Wan Hazabbah WH, Ramli N
    J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract, 2019 Apr;7(4):1308-1309.
    PMID: 30581132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2018.11.016
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/diagnosis*
  3. Abubakar AR, Chedi BA, Mohammed KG, Haque M
    J Adv Pharm Technol Res, 2015 Oct-Dec;6(4):154-8.
    PMID: 26605155 DOI: 10.4103/2231-4040.165021
    Spontaneous reporting (SPR) and intensive monitoring are the conventional systems used for detecting, recording, and reporting adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Using spontaneous reporting a lot of successes has been made as existing ADRs were identified and new ones prevented through this methods. The aim of this appraisal was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and the practice of medical students with regards to ADRs reporting and to see if differences exist between the level of study and genders. The questionnaire was adopted, modified, and validated from previous studies. It comprised of 25 questions. It was administered year-IV and V medical students of Bayero University Kano, Nigeria. The data collected were coded and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20, currently known as IBM SPSS Statistics. The response rate was 74%. Among the 108 participants, 80% got the definition of ADRs correct; 63% of them knew the precise functions of pharmacovigilance (PV). In addition, 82% strongly agreed that ADR reporting is health care workers responsibility; 82% also said PV should be taught in detail. Meanwhile, 99% have noticed patient experiencing ADRs; 67% said even mild ADRs should be reported. The outcome of this study showed good knowledge and attitude with respect to ADRs and PV among the medical students surveyed. Unfortunately, the practice of medical students was found to be unsatisfactory. There is a need to upgrade the students teaching the curriculum with respect to ADRs monitoring.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions*
  4. Abubakar AR, Ismail S, Rahman NI, Haque M
    Ther Clin Risk Manag, 2015;11:1015-25.
    PMID: 26170680 DOI: 10.2147/TCRM.S85019
    BACKGROUND: Internationally, there is a remarkable achievement in the areas of drug discovery, drug design, and clinical trials. New and efficient drug formulation techniques are widely available which have led to success in treatment of several diseases. Despite these achievements, large number of patients continue to experience adverse drug reactions (ADRs), and majority of them are yet to be on record.
    OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this survey is to compare knowledge, attitude, and practice with respect to ADRs and pharmacovigilance (PV) between medical students of Malaysia and Nigeria and to determine if there is a relationship between their knowledge and practice.
    METHOD: A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey involving year IV and year V medical students of the Department of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin and Bayero University Kano was carried out. The questionnaire which comprised 25 questions on knowledge, attitude, and practice was adopted, modified, validated, and administered to them. The response was analyzed using SPSS version 20.
    RESULTS: The response rate from each country was 74%. There was a statistically significant difference in mean knowledge and practice score on ADRs and PV between medical students of Malaysia and Nigeria, both at P<0.000. No significance difference in attitude was observed at P=0.389. Also, a statistically significant relationship was recorded between their knowledge and practice (r=0.229, P=0.001), although the relationship was weak.
    CONCLUSION: Nigerian medical students have better knowledge and practice than those of Malaysia, although they need improvement. Imparting knowledge of ADRs and PV among medical students will upgrade their practice and enhance health care delivery services in the future.
    KEYWORDS: KAP; Malaysia; Nigeria; drug safety; medical students; underreporting
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions*
  5. Agarwal R, Daher AM, Mohd Ismail N
    Malays J Med Sci, 2013 Mar;20(2):52-61.
    PMID: 23983578 MyJurnal
    The study aimed to determine current status of knowledge, practices, and attitudes towards adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting among private practitioners in Klang region of Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
  6. Aggarwal D, Yang J, Salam MA, Sengupta S, Al-Amin MY, Mustafa S, et al.
    Front Immunol, 2023;14:1203073.
    PMID: 37671162 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1203073
    Cancer is one of the deadliest diseases, causing million of deaths each year globally. Conventional anti-cancer therapies are non-targeted and have systemic toxicities limiting their versatile applications in many cancers. So, there is an unmet need for more specific therapeutic options that will be effective as well as free from toxicities. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are suitable alternatives with the right potential and improved therapeutic index for cancer therapy. The ADCs are highly precise new class of biopharmaceutical products that covalently linked a monoclonal antibody (mAb) (binds explicitly to a tumor-associated surface antigen) with a customized cytotoxic drug (kills cancer cells) and tied via a chemical linker (releases the drug). Due to its precise design, it brings about the target cell killing sparing the normal counterpart and free from the toxicities of conventional chemotherapy. It has never been so easy to develop potential ADCs for successful therapeutic usage. With relentless efforts, it took almost a century for scientists to advance the formula and design ADCs for its current clinical applications. Until now, several ADCs have passed successfully through preclinical and clinical trials and because of proven efficacy, a few are approved by the FDA to treat various cancer types. Even though ADCs posed some shortcomings like adverse effects and resistance at various stages of development, with continuous efforts most of these limitations are addressed and overcome to improve their efficacy. In this review, the basics of ADCs, physical and chemical properties, the evolution of design, limitations, and future potentials are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions*
  7. Akkawi ME, Nik Mohamed MH, Md Aris MA
    PMID: 32695426 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-020-00236-0
    Background: Potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP) is associated with the incidence of adverse drug reactions, drug-related hospitalization and other negative outcomes in older adults. After hospitalization, older adults might be discharged with several types of PIPs. Studies have found that the lack of healthcare professionals' (HCPs) knowledge regarding PIP is one of the major contributing factors in this issue. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of a multifaceted intervention on physicians' and clinical pharmacists' behavior regarding potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) and potential prescribing omission (PPO) among hospitalized older adults.

    Methods: This is a before-and-after study that took place in a tertiary Malaysian hospital. Discharge medications of patients ≥65 years old were reviewed to identify PIMs/PPOs using version 2 of the STOPP/START criteria. The prevalence and pattern of PIM/PPO before and after the intervention were compared. The intervention targeted the physicians and clinical pharmacists and it consisted of academic detailing and a newly developed smartphone application (app).

    Results: The study involved 240 patients before (control group) and 240 patients after the intervention. The prevalence of PIM was 22% and 27% before and after the intervention, respectively (P = 0.213). The prevalence of PPO in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group (42% Vs. 53.3%); P = 0.014. This difference remained statistically significant after controlling for other variables (P = 0.015). The intervention was effective in reducing the two most common PPOs; the omission of vitamin D supplements in patients with a history of falls (P = 0.001) and the omission of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor in patients with coronary artery disease (P = 0.03).

    Conclusions: The smartphone app coupled with academic detailing was effective in reducing the prevalence of PPO at discharge. However, it did not significantly affect the prevalence or pattern of PIM.

    Matched MeSH terms: Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
  8. Alam F, Islam MA, Kamal MA, Gan SH
    Curr Med Chem, 2018;25(39):5395-5431.
    PMID: 27528060 DOI: 10.2174/0929867323666160813222436
    Over the years, natural products have shown success as antidiabetics in in vitro, in vivo studies and clinical trials. Because natural product-derived drugs are more affordable and effective with fewer side-effects compared to conventional therapies, pharmaceutical research is increasingly leaning towards the discovery of new antidiabetic drugs from natural products targeting pathways or components associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) pathophysiology. However, the drug discovery process is very lengthy and costly with significant challenges. Therefore, various techniques are currently being developed for the preclinical research phase of drug discovery with the aim of drug development with less time and efforts from natural products. In this review, we have provided an update on natural products including fruits, vegetables, spices, nuts, beverages and mushrooms with potential antidiabetic activities from in vivo, in vitro and clinical studies. Synergistic interactions between natural products and antidiabetic drugs, and potential antidiabetic active compounds from natural products are also documented to pave the way for combination treatment and new drug discovery, respectively. Additionally, a brief idea of the drug discovery process along with the challenges that arise during drug development from natural products and the methods to conquer those challenges are discussed to create a more convenient future drug discovery process.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
  9. Aljadhey H, Alkhani S, Khan TM
    Saudi Pharm J, 2017 Nov;25(7):1011-1014.
    PMID: 29158708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2017.03.002
    Purpose: Few hospitals employ a medication safety officer. A medication safety officer preparatory course was planned using a structured curriculum to prepare pharmacists with the knowledge and skills to start medication safety officer activities. The current study aims to assess the outcome, as change in knowledge, of a hospital medication safety officer preparatory course.

    Methods: We conducted a three-day course in February 2011 in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. It was developed to provide attendees with the essential knowledge and skills to become a medication safety officer. Teaching methodologies included didactic teaching, group discussions, case presentations, and an independent study of medication safety materials. The content of the course focused on the various roles of a medication safety officer, the importance of medication safety in a health care setting, the incidence of adverse drug events in a hospital setting, strategies to identify and prevent adverse events, the use of root cause analysis and failure mode and effect analysis, the role of an officer in hospital accreditation, and ways for promoting safety culture. Assessment of the course outcome was accomplished by comparing scores of knowledge level before and after the course. The knowledge level was assessed by a 20-item exam which was developed and validated by course instructors.

    Results: Twenty-one participants attended the course and completed both the baseline and after-course assessment questionnaires. The majority was male (N = 14, % = 66.7) with a job experience of 1-5 five years (N = 10, % = 47.6). The knowledge score increased from 14.3 ± 1.90 (mean ± standard deviation) at baseline to 18.5 ± 1.43 after successfully completing the course (P 

    Matched MeSH terms: Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
  10. Alshakka MA, Ibrahim MI, Hassali MA
    J Clin Diagn Res, 2013 Oct;7(10):2181-5.
    PMID: 24298470 DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2013/5778.3464
    The aim of this study was to evaluate the perceptions of general practitioners (GPs) and community pharmacists (CPs) in Penang, Malaysia, towards consumer reporting of Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs).
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
  11. Amy Suzana Abu Bakar, Norhafiza Razali, Mohammad Daniel Shafiq Hassan, Renu Agarwal
    MyJurnal
    Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy characterised by optic nerve degeneration associated with
    visual field defects. It remains the world’s number one cause of irreversible blindness and
    patients usually present at late stage of the disease since it is generally asymptomatic until
    severe. The disease is subdivided into primary and secondary with primary open-angle
    glaucoma (POAG) being the most common type. At present, lowering the intraocular pressure
    (IOP) remains the only proven efficient approach in delaying the onset or preventing the
    progression of the disease. Medical treatment with topical antiglaucoma agents is the
    treatment of choice in open angle glaucoma. The use of antiglaucoma drugs aims to reduce
    IOP by enhancing aqueous humour (AH) outflow, reducing AH production, or both. The choice
    to use any available treatment option should be carefully considered in an attempt to maximise
    benefits and reducing the risk of developing adverse drug reactions. This review highlights the
    six classes of ocular hypotensive agents currently in use for POAG treatment including
    prostaglandin analogues; -adrenergic receptor blockers; -2 adrenergic receptor stimulants;
    carbonic anhydrase inhibitors; muscarinic receptor stimulants; rho kinase inhibitors with
    regards to their mechanism/s of action and potential adverse drug reactions, and
    antiglaucoma fixed drug combinations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
  12. Anand David AV, Arulmoli R, Parasuraman S
    Pharmacogn Rev, 2017 1 14;10(20):84-89.
    PMID: 28082789 DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.194044
    Antioxidants are substances that may protect cells from the damage caused by unstable molecules such as free radicals. Flavonoids are phenolic substances widely found in fruits and vegetables. The previous studies showed that the ingestion of flavonoids reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, and certain types of cancer. These effects are due to the physiological activity of flavonoids in the reduction of oxidative stress, inhibiting low-density lipoproteins oxidation and platelet aggregation, and acting as vasodilators in blood vessels. Free radicals are constantly generated resulting in extensive damage to tissues leading to various disease conditions such as cancer, Alzheimer's, renal diseases, cardiac abnormalities, etc., Medicinal plants with antioxidant properties play a vital functions in exhibiting beneficial effects and employed as an alternative source of medicine to mitigate the disease associated with oxidative stress. Flavonoids have existed over one billion years and possess wide spectrum of biological activities that might be able to influence processes which are dysregulated in a disease. Quercetin, a plant pigment is a potent antioxidant flavonoid and more specifically a flavonol, found mostly in onions, grapes, berries, cherries, broccoli, and citrus fruits. It is a versatile antioxidant known to possess protective abilities against tissue injury induced by various drug toxicities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
  13. Arulappen AL, Danial M, Sulaiman SAS
    Front Pharmacol, 2018;9:809.
    PMID: 30177879 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00809
    Adverse drug reaction (ADR) primarily caused by many drugs including antibiotics. At present, the incidence and pattern of ADR caused by antibiotics have remained as neglected area in Malaysia. This study was conducted to determine the incidence and analyze the pattern of ADR caused by antibiotics among patients in a tertiary care hospital. It is a 2-year retrospective observational study conducted at Hospital Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. All eligible patients who had antibiotic prescribed belonging to any age group either from outpatient or inpatient that had experienced ADR was included in this study. The outcomes were measured with the aid of Naranjo's and Hartwig's scales. The incidence of the ADRs among patients prescribed with antibiotics in Hospital Pulau Pinang is about 1.1%. Vancomycin and Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole both are considered to be the major contributors to ADR incidences. The skin was the most affected organ by ADRs followed by gastrointestinal system. Most of the severe ADRs were caused by Penicillin. The causality relationship of all the severe reactions was mostly probable. General Medicine unit had reported the highest number of ADRs caused by antibiotics. The common manifestations of ADRs are acute kidney injury and exanthem. In addition, majority of the ADRs caused by antibiotics were reversible. A large multicenter study is suggested to confirm the present findings.

    Study site: Hospital Pulau Pinang
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
  14. Ashby CF
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
  15. Ashraf MI, Ong SK, Mujawar S, Pawar S, More P, Paul S, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2018 04 27;8(1):6669.
    PMID: 29703908 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25042-2
    Identifying effective drug targets, with little or no side effects, remains an ever challenging task. A potential pitfall of failing to uncover the correct drug targets, due to side effect of pleiotropic genes, might lead the potential drugs to be illicit and withdrawn. Simplifying disease complexity, for the investigation of the mechanistic aspects and identification of effective drug targets, have been done through several approaches of protein interactome analysis. Of these, centrality measures have always gained importance in identifying candidate drug targets. Here, we put forward an integrated method of analysing a complex network of cancer and depict the importance of k-core, functional connectivity and centrality (KFC) for identifying effective drug targets. Essentially, we have extracted the proteins involved in the pathways leading to cancer from the pathway databases which enlist real experimental datasets. The interactions between these proteins were mapped to build an interactome. Integrative analyses of the interactome enabled us to unearth plausible reasons for drugs being rendered withdrawn, thereby giving future scope to pharmaceutical industries to potentially avoid them (e.g. ESR1, HDAC2, F2, PLG, PPARA, RXRA, etc). Based upon our KFC criteria, we have shortlisted ten proteins (GRB2, FYN, PIK3R1, CBL, JAK2, LCK, LYN, SYK, JAK1 and SOCS3) as effective candidates for drug development.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions*
  16. Aung AK, Tang MJ, Adler NR, de Menezes SL, Goh MSY, Tee HW, et al.
    J Clin Pharmacol, 2018 10;58(10):1332-1339.
    PMID: 29733431 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1148
    We describe adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting characteristics and factors contributing to length of time to report by healthcare professionals. This is a retrospective study of voluntary reports to an Australian healthcare ADR Review Committee over a 2-year period (2015-2016). Descriptive and univariate models were used for outcomes, employing standardized ADR definitions. Hospital pharmacists reported 84.8% of the 555 ADRs: 70.3% were hospital onset reactions, and 71.7% were at least of moderate severity. Immunologically mediated reactions were most commonly reported (409, 73.7%). The median time to submit an ADR report was 3 (interquartile range 1-10) days. Longer median times to reporting were associated with multiple implicated agents and delayed hypersensitivity reactions, especially severe cutaneous adverse reactions. A total of 650 medications were implicated that involved multiple agents in 165/555 (29.7%) reports. Antimicrobials were the most commonly implicated agents. Immunologically mediated reactions were most commonly associated with antimicrobials and radiocontrast agents (P < .0001, odds ratio [OR] 3.6, 95%CI 2.4-5.5, and P = .04, OR 4.2, 95%CI 1.2-18.2, respectively). Opioids and psychoactive medications were more commonly implicated in nonimmunological reported ADRs (P = .0002, OR 3.9, 95%CI 1.9-7.9, and P < .0001, OR 11.4, 95%CI 4.6-27.8, respectively). Due to the predominant reporting of immunologically mediated reactions, a targeted education program is being planned to improve identification and accuracy of ADR reports, with the overall aim of improved management to ensure quality service provision and patient safety.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/epidemiology*
  17. Aziz Z, Siang TC, Badarudin NS
    Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf, 2007 Feb;16(2):223-8.
    PMID: 16947117
    Malaysia like many other countries worldwide uses spontaneous reporting systems as a mean of collecting data on suspected adverse drug reaction (ADR). However, compared to other countries, which use the system, the reporting rate in Malaysia is very low. Why some physicians do not report ADRs is not well understood.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions*
  18. Balan S, Koo K, Omar AI, Gan RY
    Res Social Adm Pharm, 2021 04;17(4):826-827.
    PMID: 33160885 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.10.016
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions*
  19. Balan S
    Int J Pharm Pract, 2021 Aug 11;29(4):308-320.
    PMID: 34289016 DOI: 10.1093/ijpp/riab030
    OBJECTIVE: Healthcare professionals have an important role in ensuring that adverse drug reactions are well documented and reported. The key determinants of adverse drug reactions reporting are the knowledge, attitude and practice of healthcare professionals. A systematic review of the literature was undertaken to identify, critically evaluate and summarise the findings on the knowledge, attitude and practice of Malaysian healthcare professionals towards adverse drug reaction reporting.

    METHODS: Literature search using electronic databases including PubMed, Google Scholar and National Medical Research Register was conducted. Additional articles were identified by reviewing the bibliography of the retrieved articles. The articles were searched with any of the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms in the title: adverse drug reaction, attitude, awareness, behaviour, experience, knowledge, Malaysia, perspectives, pharmacovigilance, practice and view. Studies were selected based on fulfilment of inclusion and exclusion criteria. The articles were scrutinised using thematic analysis.

    KEY FINDINGS: Nine studies conducted among doctors, pharmacists and nurses met the inclusion criteria. Five themes emerged which included knowledge, attitude, practice, barriers and facilitators of adverse drug reaction reporting among healthcare professionals.

    CONCLUSION: In general, healthcare professionals in Malaysia have good knowledge on and positive attitudes towards adverse drug reaction reporting. However, the practice of adverse drug reaction reporting was found to be unsatisfactory among healthcare professional in Malaysia. The approaches taken to enhance ADR reporting among Malaysian healthcare professionals should focus on alleviating lethargy and ignorance associated with ADR reporting.

    Matched MeSH terms: Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions*
  20. Bandekar MS, Anwikar SR, Kshirsagar NA
    Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf, 2010 Nov;19(11):1181-5.
    PMID: 20845409 DOI: 10.1002/pds.2004
    Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are considered as one of the leading causes of death among hospitalized patients. Thus reporting of adverse drug reactions become an important phenomenon. Spontaneous adverse drug reaction reporting form is an essential component and a major tool of the pharmacovigilance system of any country. This form is a tool to collect information of ADRs which helps in establishing the causal relationship between the suspected drug and the reaction. As different countries have different forms, our aim was to study, analyze the suspected adverse drug reaction reporting form of different countries, and assess if these forms can capture all the data regarding the adverse drug reaction. For this analysis we identified 18 points which are essential to make a good adverse drug reaction report, enabling proper causality assessment of adverse reaction to generate a safety signal. Adverse drug reaction reporting forms of 10 different countries were collected from the internet and compared for 18 points like patient information, information about dechallenge-rechallenge, adequacy of space and columns to capture necessary information required for its causality assessment, etc. Of the ADR forms that we analyzed, Malaysia was the highest scorer with 16 out of 18 points. This study reveals that there is a need to harmonize the ADR reporting forms of all the countries because there is a lot of discrepancy in data captured by the existing ADR reporting forms as the design of these forms is different for different countries. These incomplete data obtained result in inappropriate causality assessment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions*
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