Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 229 in total

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  1. Fornace KM, Alexander N, Abidin TR, Brock PM, Chua TH, Vythilingam I, et al.
    Elife, 2019 10 22;8.
    PMID: 31638575 DOI: 10.7554/eLife.47602
    Human movement into insect vector and wildlife reservoir habitats determines zoonotic disease risks; however, few data are available to quantify the impact of land use on pathogen transmission. Here, we utilise GPS tracking devices and novel applications of ecological methods to develop fine-scale models of human space use relative to land cover to assess exposure to the zoonotic malaria Plasmodium knowlesi in Malaysian Borneo. Combining data with spatially explicit models of mosquito biting rates, we demonstrate the role of individual heterogeneities in local space use in disease exposure. At a community level, our data indicate that areas close to both secondary forest and houses have the highest probability of human P. knowlesi exposure, providing quantitative evidence for the importance of ecotones. Despite higher biting rates in forests, incorporating human movement and space use into exposure estimates illustrates the importance of intensified interactions between pathogens, insect vectors and people around habitat edges.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ecology*
  2. Nishi E, Matsuo K, Capa M, Tomioka S, Kajihara H, Kupriyanova EK, et al.
    Zootaxa, 2015;4052(5):555-68.
    PMID: 26701452 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4052.5.3
    A new species of the genus Sabellaria Lamarck, 1818 (Annelida: Polychaeta: Sabellariidae) is described from the intertidal zone of Jeram, Selangor, Malaysia. Sabellaria jeramae n. sp. is a gregarious species that constructs large reefs several hundreds of meters long and 50-200 m wide. The new species is distinguished from other congeners by the character combination of the presence of a single kind of middle paleae with conspicuous morphology, and outer paleae with long frayed teeth. Morphological features of the species are described and compared to those of all congeneric species. We also compare the reef structure and geographical distribution of the new species to those of the members of the family Sabellariidae around the world, demonstrating the ecological traits of the reefs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ecology
  3. Grismer LL, Quah ES
    Zootaxa, 2015;3931(1):63-70.
    PMID: 25781814 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3931.1.4
    The discovery of an additional specimen of Sphenomorphus malayanus Doria, 1888 from Gunung Brinchang, Cameron Highlands, Pahang in Peninsular Malaysia reveals that it is not conspecific with the type specimen from Gunung Singgalan, West Sumatra, 600 km to the south. The new specimen and an additional specimen previously collected from Gunung Gerah, Perak, Peninsular Malaysia, 56 km to the north, are described here as the new species S. senja sp. nov. and differ from S. malayanus by having a larger SVL (60.0-65 mm versus 53 mm); a deeply recessed as opposed to a shallow tympanum; 72 or 73 versus 76 paravertebral scales; eight or nine superciliary scales as opposed to 10; and the posteriormost superciliary scale being large as opposed to small. Cameron Highlands is unique among other upland areas in Peninsular Malaysia in that it harbors an unprecedented number of closely related ecological equivalents living in close sympatry or syntopy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ecology
  4. Ng PKL, Grinang J
    Zootaxa, 2018 Nov 02;4508(4):569-575.
    PMID: 30485965 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4508.4.5
    A new species of semiterrestrial highland vampire crab of the family Sesarmidae, Geosesarma larsi n. sp., is described from western Sarawak. This brings the number of Bornean Geosesarma species to 12. Geosesarma larsi n. sp. is distinguished from congeners by the structures of the carapace, third maxilliped exopod and gonopods, as well as the proportions of its ambulatory legs. The colour pattern in life is also strikingly different from allied species. Notes on its ecology are provided and conservation threats briefly discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ecology
  5. Foon JK, Liew TS
    Zookeys, 2017.
    PMID: 29133987 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.692.14706
    A total of 11 species and 1 subspecies of Alycaeus were recognised in Peninsular Malaysia prior to this study. However, these taxonomic descriptions of Alycaeus taxa were based on limited numbers of examined materials, where a whole spectrum of morphological variations were not accounted for and diagnoses were often provided without sufficient comparison between congeners from across the peninsula. We reviewed Peninsular Malaysian Alycaeus through the examination of 5137 specimens in 522 collection lots from all major museum collections and literature sources. Based on these examined materials, we utilised a more comprehensive revised set of 39 shell and operculum characters, as well as living animal colour to describe all Alycaeus species in this paper. We also noted their habitat and ecology, as well as updated the distribution of each species. Of the 12 previously described taxa, 10 are reconfirmed as present on Peninsular Malaysia (Alycaeus balingensis, Alycaeus carinata, Alycaeus conformis, Alycaeus gibbosulus, Alycaeus kapayanensis, Alycaeus kelantanensis, Alycaeus liratulus, Alycaeus perakensis perakensis, Alycaeus perakensis altispirus and Alycaeus thieroti) and 2 are confirmed as absent from the peninsula (Alycaeus jagori and Alycaeus pyramidalis). A new record of Alycaeus robeleni is reported for Peninsular Malaysia. One species, Chamalycaeus jousseaumei is confirmed as present on the peninsula and is reassigned to Alycaeus. The subspecies Alycaeus perakensis altispirus Möllendorff, 1902, is elevated to species. Examined Peninsular Malaysian materials that do not fit previously recognised species are described as new species. A total of 11 new species are proposed (Alycaeus selangoriensissp. n., Alycaeus costacrassasp. n., Alycaeus ikanensissp. n., Alycaeus alticolasp. n., Alycaeus charasensissp. n., Alycaeus kurauensissp. n., Alycaeus regalissp. n., Alycaeus virgogravidasp. n., Alycaeus senyumensissp. n., Alycaeus expansussp. n., Alycaeus clementsisp. n.). Overall, 23 species of Alycaeus are now recognised in Peninsular Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ecology
  6. Rohde K, Onn LF
    Z Parasitenkd, 1967;29(2):137-48.
    PMID: 5601175
    Matched MeSH terms: Ecology
  7. Ujang Z, Henze M, Curtis T, Schertenleib R, Beal LL
    Water Sci Technol, 2004;49(8):1-10.
    PMID: 15193088
    This paper presents the existing philosophy, approach, criteria and delivery of environmental engineering education (E3) for developing countries. In general, environmental engineering is being taught in almost all major universities in developing countries, mostly under civil engineering degree programmes. There is an urgent need to address specific inputs that are particularly important for developing countries with respect to the reality of urbanisation and industrialisation. The main component of E3 in the near future will remain on basic sanitation in most developing countries, with special emphasis on the consumer-demand approach. In order to substantially overcome environmental problems in developing countries, E3 should include integrated urban water management, sustainable sanitation, appropriate technology, cleaner production, wastewater minimisation and financial framework.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ecology/economics; Ecology/education*
  8. Marasinghe S, Simpson GD, Newsome D, Perera P
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2020 Jul;31(2):51-78.
    PMID: 32922669 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2020.31.2.4
    In addition to scoping the impacts of the four most reported sources of recreational disturbance on shorebirds, this study also advances the concept of Tropical Asia (TA) to collectively describe tourist destinations in the ecologically and geopolitically diverse part of the planet that incorporates the tourism megaregion of South and Southeast Asia. At a time of growing global concern about the rapid decline of shorebird populations, many governments in TA are embracing and capitalising on the exponential growth in demand for coastal recreation and tourism across the region. This political response is partly driven by efforts to deliver economic development, aligned to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, in order to secure the livelihoods of people living in less developed coastal areas. However, the rapid increase in visitor numbers and the development of infrastructure to support the booming demand for coastal tourism destinations in TA are further exacerbating the pressures on shorebird populations across the region. Despite these growing pressures and the wealth of research reporting on shorebird populations across the Asian flyways, this scoping study identified surprisingly little research that reports on the recreational disturbance (RD) of shorebirds in TA. While undertaken to inform future research, this study also provides a synthesis of management strategies reported in the global literature into a set of management recommendations for coastal destinations in TA.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ecology
  9. Nadchatram M
    Trop Biomed, 2006 Jun;23(1):1-22.
    PMID: 17041547 MyJurnal
    Some 2,000 species of mites of the family Trombiculidae are known in the world. The 6-legged larvae are mostly ectoparasites of reptiles, birds, mammals and invertebrates. Their 8-legged active nymphs and adults are free-living predators. In the Asia-Pacific region, a few species in various genera are vectors of scrub typhus and scrub-itch. In this a paper, a very bizarre trombiculid species, Vatacarus ipoides Southcott 1957, endoparasitic in the trachea of the amphibious sea snake, Laticauda colubrina (Schenider) is re-described based mostly on new-born larvae reared in the laboratory. Life history study of the mite produced very novel and interesting results. A brief account of the life-cycle was presented at the first laboratory demonstration of the Malaysian Society of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine Meeting by Nadchatram and Audy (1965). The life history is illustrated and described here in greater detail. The active nymphal, and the akinetic teleiophane stages are bypassed, which is unusual in the life-cycle of the family Trombiculidae. Also, the larva is the only stage in the life-cycle that feeds. The sexes are predetermined in the larval neosomatic stage and give rise to small males and bigger females. Having obtained adults of the species, by rearing, it is deemed unnecessary for the original proposal by Southcott to erect a new family, Vatacaridae, because the adults share all the attributes of the family Trombiculidae. The male and female obtained through laboratory rearing are illustrated for the first time. Relationship of V. ipoides with Laticauda snakes show close host-specificity, in a group of acarines that are generally habitat-specific. Possible explanations for their association are discussed. The unusual morphology and the formation of new structures during an instar is of ontogenetic and evolutionary importance. The hypertrophic larvae are superficially vermiform, rather than typically acarine in shape. This, and other biological features, necessitated the proposal of new morphological terms, and they are discussed here.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ecology*
  10. Schilthuizen M, Vairappan CS, Slade EM, Mann DJ, Miller JA
    Trends Ecol Evol, 2015 May;30(5):237-8.
    PMID: 25813120 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2015.03.002
    Matched MeSH terms: Ecology/methods*
  11. Jarić I, Heger T, Castro Monzon F, Jeschke JM, Kowarik I, McConkey KR, et al.
    Trends Ecol Evol, 2019 04;34(4):291-302.
    PMID: 30661709 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2018.12.008
    Ecological effects of alien species can be dramatic, but management and prevention of negative impacts are often hindered by crypticity of the species or their ecological functions. Ecological functions can change dramatically over time, or manifest after long periods of an innocuous presence. Such cryptic processes may lead to an underestimation of long-term impacts and constrain management effectiveness. Here, we present a conceptual framework of crypticity in biological invasions. We identify the underlying mechanisms, provide evidence of their importance, and illustrate this phenomenon with case studies. This framework has potential to improve the recognition of the full risks and impacts of invasive species.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ecology
  12. Muul I, Liat LB, Walker JS
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1975;69(1):121-30.
    PMID: 806995
    The overall comparisons of habitats are given in (Table III). The habitats are arranged in order of extent of alterations by man, with the least disturbed at the top. The highest average blood isolation rates came from the least disturbed areas. The highest monthly maximal rickettsial isolation rates from blood and maximal prevalence rates of antibody per month were also obtained at Bukit Lanjan, the habitat least altered by activities of man. The lowest average blood isolation rate (6%) and the lowest monthly maximal rickettsial isolation and antibody prevalence rates were obtained at Bukit Mandol, the habitat most extensively and intensively altered by man. The intermediate habitats had intermediate rates. We caution anyone interpreting these observations, however, in terms of human disease, which seem to be associated with hyperendemic foci. Here we are not dealing with hyperendemicity from the standpoint of human disease, but present evidence of widespread endemicity from which hyperendemic foci may derive. Also, we have not yet identified the prevalent strains and do not know their infectivity to man.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ecology
  13. Cadigan FC, Andre RG, Bolton M, Gan E, Walker JS
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1972;66(4):582-7.
    PMID: 4561007
    Matched MeSH terms: Ecology
  14. Jahan S, Yusoff IB, Alias YB, Bakar AFBA
    Toxicol Rep, 2017;4:211-220.
    PMID: 28959641 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.04.001
    Presently, engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are used in a wide variety of commercial applications, resulting in an uncontrolled introduction into the aquatic environment. The purpose of this review is to summarize the pathways and factors that controlling the transport and toxicity of five extensively used ENMs. These toxicological pathways are of great importance and need to be addressed for sustainable implications of ENMs without environmental liabilities. Here we discuss five potentially utilized ENMs with their possible toxicological risk factors to aquatic plants, vertebrates model and microbes. Moreover, the key effect of ENMs surface transformations by significant reaction with environmental objects such as dissolved natural organic matter (DOM) and the effect of ENMs surface coating and surface charge will also be debated. The transformations of ENMs are subsequently facing a major ecological transition that is expected to create a substantial toxicological effect towards the ecosystem. These transformations largely involve chemical and physical processes, which depend on the properties of both ENMs and the receiving medium. In this review article, the critical issues that controlling the transport and toxicity of ENMs are reviewed by exploiting the latest reports and future directions and targets are keenly discussed to minimize the pessimistic effects of ENMs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ecology
  15. Vythilingam I, Chiang GL, Lee HL, Singh KI
    PMID: 1363679
    Matched MeSH terms: Ecology
  16. Chiang GL
    PMID: 7973951
    The genus Mansonia is divided into two subgenera, Mansonia and Mansonioides. The subgenus Mansonioides includes the important vectors of lymphatic filariasis caused by Brugia malayi in South and Southeast Asia. Six species of this subgenus are vectors of two types of brugian filariasis, periodic and subperiodic. All six species, viz Mansonia bonneae, Ma. dives, Ma. uniformis, Ma. annulifera, Ma. annulata and Ma. indiana are present in this country. The ecological factors governing the larval and adult biology and their control measures are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ecology*
  17. Jaal Z, MacDonald WW
    PMID: 1488703
    Collections of adult anopheline mosquitos were made from a cow-baited trap in nine coastal villages located along nearly 160km of northwest peninsular Malaysia. Two collections, separated by 1.5 to 6 months, were made at each site. Nearly 6,000 anophelines of 19 species were collected. The dominant species were Anopheles peditaeniatus. An. sinensis, An. subpictus and An. lesteri paraliae. Small numbers of the malaria vectors An. maculatus (at one site) and An. campestris (at four sites) were collected, but no An. sundaicus were recorded.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ecology
  18. Jaal Z, Macdonald WW
    PMID: 8160064
    The host preferences of eight species of anophelines were studied in two coastal Malaysian villages, Kampung Permatang Rawa and Sungai Udang Kecil, by seven 12-hour catches in each village. Collections were made concurrently from a human-baited net trap, a cow-baited net trap and by human-bait landing catches. Anopheles campestris was attracted almost equally to man and cow, but An. lesteri paraliae, An. nigerrimus, An. peditaeniatus, An. sinensis, An. indefinitus, An. subpictus and An. vagus showed a strong preference for the cow bait. The human-bait landing catches were more productive than the human-baited net trap, which attracted very few mosquitos. Seven more all-night catches were made at each village employing only the cow-baited trap, and the combined data were used to plot the biting-cycles of each species at each site. Although the biting-cycles at the two localities were in general agreement, there were notable differences. At Sungai Udang Kecil, where the collection site was relatively sheltered, several species showed a steady decline in numbers from sunset to sunrise. At Kampung Permatang Rawa, on the other hand, where the site was more exposed and close to the sea, the same species showed a bimodal pattern of activity with an early evening peak followed by a decline then a period of increased activity before sunrise rising to a second, lesser peak at 0500-0600 hours.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ecology*
  19. Jaal Z, Macdonald WW
    PMID: 8160063
    Collections of anopheline mosquitos were made twice monthly for 13 months from a cow-baited trap in two villages, Kampung Permatang Rawa and Sungai Udang Kecil, on mainland coastal Penang, Malaysia. Each collection period was six hours from sunset. Unquantified larval collections were made regularly in each area. Although the villages were only about 50km apart, and each had extensive, irrigated rice-fields in its vicinity, the species abundance and the seasonal fluctuations differed significantly. In Kampung Permatang Rawa Anopheles sinensis and An. peditaeniatus were dominant in prevalence, whereas in Sungai Udang Kecil An. indefinitus and An. lesteri paraliae were most common and An. peditaeniatus was relatively rare. The rice growing schedules in the two areas differed, but there was a moderate correlation between the abundance of several species and the rice-growing pattern. There was no correlation at either site with rainfall.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ecology*
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