Methods: The retrospective observational study of all consecutive cases of pituitary adenoma treated with ETS in Hospital Kuala Lumpur (HKL) between 2006 and 2015. Age, sex, pre- and post-operative hormone level, tumour size, and complications were noted.
Results: A total of 67 patients were diagnosed with non-functioning pituitary adenoma throughout this period. Of these, 11 patients had both visual and hormonal improvement post-operation. Of the 27 patients with tumour invaded into the cavernous sinus, 13 showed an improved vision. In the adenoma patients who had impaired hormonal function before the surgery, the hormone level normalised post-surgery in 42 patients. Moreover, 39 patients were diagnosed with functioning pituitary adenoma. Ten patients recovered from acromegaly and four patients recovered from Cushing disease within seven days post-operative. Also, five patients with functioning adenoma suffered complications.
Conclusion: Outcome for the preservation and hormone recovery in non-functioning pituitary adenoma group was satisfactory, with only one patient's hormonal level worsening. No visual deterioration and mortality were detected throughout this study. A dedicated team specialised in endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery further improved the outcome of this surgical method.
METHODS: Sixteen patients were recruited for voice analysis during pre-operative, within two weeks and at least three months post-operatively. Subjective questionnaire was used to assess perception of voice changes.
RESULTS: There were no statistically significant changes in the acoustic parameters of patients with nasal polyposis. In patients with CRS without polyps, there was a statistically significant increase in fundamental frequency (F0) in nasal sound during early follow up. The changes in soft phonation index (SPI) values between the two groups were statistically significant during early follow-ups. Only patients with nasal polyposis perceived a subjective change in their voice post-operatively.
CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians should inform all patients, especially voice professionals about the possible effects of endoscopic sinus surgeries on their voice quality.
MEATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional diagnostic study was performed on patients with edematous mucosa of the middle turbinate head. Under traditional white light endoscopy, areas of edematous mucosa were identified. Using NBI, these areas were compared to areas of normal mucosa on the middle turbinate head. NBI images of these same areas were then converted to grey scale and a vascularity index was created by pixel analysis and brightness in Fiji Image J software (Wisconsin, US).
RESULTS: Thirty-three middle turbinates were assessed (age 42.4 ± 12.5, 42.4% female). NBI discriminated between areas identified under white light endoscopy as edematous and normal (158.2 ± 48.4 v 96.9 ± 32.7 p
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective, quasi-experimental physiological study. Selected healthy subjects were observed electrocardiographically for 60 s continuously in three equal phases of 20 s each - baseline phase, nasoendoscopic phase, and recovery phase (post-nasoendoscopy). Heart rate fluctuations were charted, followed by identification of a positive nasocardiac reflex group of subjects and a negative group. Analyses against multiple variables were done.
RESULTS: A total of 53 subjects were analysed. Heart rate during the baseline phase was 81.0 ± 9.9, nasoendoscopic phase was 72.7 ± 10.1, and recovery phase was 75.2 ± 9.6. Sixteen subjects (30.2%) had a positive nasocardiac reflex, and they remained in sinus rhythm with no occurrences of skipped beats, atrioventricular blocks or asystoles. One subject (1.9%) developed temporary ectopic premature ventricular contractions after nasoendoscopy. No variables were found affecting the incidence of a nasocardiac reflex in our study.
CONCLUSIONS: The pattern of heart rate dynamics was consistent as heart rates drop rapidly upon endoscope insertion and recover in some measure after its withdrawal. Although all our subjects remained asymptomatic, clinicians should not overlook the risks of a severe nasocardiac reflex when performing nasoendoscopy. We recommend that electrical cardiac monitoring be part of the management of vasovagal responses during in-office endonasal procedures.