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  1. Fulltext [A prospective study of the effect of functional endoscopic sinus surgery on the recovery of olfactory function in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis]
    DU W, Zhao S, Wei X, Wang J, Xue T, Qi M, et al.
    Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi, 2023 Jul;37(7):542-549.
    PMID: 37549946 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2023.07.007
    Objective:To investigate the efficacy of functional endoscopic sinus surgery（FESS） in the treatment of olfactory dysfunction in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps （CRSwNP） , at the same time, it provides an evidence for the prognosis evaluation of olfaction and the clinical application of oERPs to evaluate the plasticity of olfaction cortex. Methods:From October 2021 to October 2022, 45 patients with CRSwNP who underwent FESS nine-step standardized treatment in our department were recruited as the research subjects, divided into 22 patients with eosinophilic CRSwNP（ECRS）and 23 patients with non-eosinophilic CRSwNP（nECRS）. VAS-olfactory dysfunction （VAS-OD） score, SNOT-22 olfactory score, Sniffin' Sticks test and oERPs collection and processing were performed before the operation. All items were evaluated again 3 months after the operation. Results:VAS-OD and SNOT-22 olfactory score were significantly lower in all CRSwNP patients after the operation than those before the operation[F（1, 43） =357.429, P<0.001; F（1, 43） =185.657, P<0.001], the scores of T, D, I and TDI scores in Sniffin' Sticks test were significantly higher than those before the operation[F（1, 43） =126.302, P<0.001; F（1, 43） =311.301, P<0.001; F（1, 43） =131.401, P<0.001; F（1, 43） =295.885, P<0.001]; The decrease of VAS-OD and SNOT-22 olfactory score in the ECRS group was smaller than that in the nECRS group[F（1, 43） =4.825, P=0.033; F（1, 43） =9.916, P=0.003], T, D and TDI scores were significantly lower in nECRS group than those in nECRS group[F（1, 43） =6.719, P=0.013; F（1, 43） =4.890, P=0.032; F（1, 43） =4.469, P=0.040]; There was a positive correlation between preoperative eosinophil-to-lymphocyte ratio（ELR） and SNOT-22 olfactory score and how much it changes（r=0.455, P=0.002; r=-0.414, P=0.005）, a negative correlation between T, TDI score and how much they change respectively（r=-0.431, P=0.003; r=-0.385, P=0.009; r=-0.383, P=0.010; r=-0.316, P=0.035）. The latency of P3 was significantly shorter after operation than that before operation in all CRSwNP patients[F（1, 14） =24.840, P<0.001], however, the amplitude has no significant surgical effect. Conclusion:FESS could significantly improve the olfactory function of CRSwNP patients, while changes in plasticity may occur in the olfactory cortex. In addition, the preoperative peripheral blood eosinophil granulocyte level can predict the postoperative olfactory improvement.
    Matched MeSH terms: Endoscopy/adverse effects
  2. Fulltext Zoonotic Ancylostoma ceylanicum infection detected by endoscopy
    Ngui R, Lim YA, Ismail WH, Lim KN, Mahmud R
    Am J Trop Med Hyg, 2014 Jul;91(1):86-8.
    PMID: 24891471 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.13-0756
    We report a case of Ancylostoma ceylanicum infection detected by endoscopy. It was diagnosed and confirmed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing. The patient is a 58-year-old Malaysian woman who lives in a rural area, where uncontrolled populations of stray and semidomesticated dogs live in close proximity with humans.
    Matched MeSH terms: Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal
  3. WEO position statement on hygiene in digestive endoscopy: Focus on endoscopy units in Asia and the Middle East
    Murdani A, Kumar A, Chiu HM, Goh KL, Jang BI, Khor CJ, et al.
    Dig Endosc, 2017 Jan;29(1):3-15.
    PMID: 27696514 DOI: 10.1111/den.12745
    The aim of this position statement is to reinforce the key points of hygiene in digestive endoscopy. The present article details the minimum hygiene requirements for reprocessing of endoscopes and endoscopic devices, regardless of the reprocessing method (automated washer-disinfector or manual cleaning) and the endoscopy setting (endoscopy suite, operating room, elective or emergency procedures). These minimum requirements are mandatory for patient safety. Both advanced diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopies should be carried out in an environment that is safe for patients and staff. Particular attention is given to contaminants. Procedural errors in decontamination, defective equipment, and failure to follow disinfection guidelines are major factors contributing to transmission of infection during endoscopy. Other important risk factors include inadequate cleaning, use of older endoscopes with surface and working channel irregularities, and contamination of water bottles or irrigating solutions. Infections by multidrug-resistant organisms have become an increasing problem in health-care systems worldwide. Since 2010, outbreaks of multidrug-resistant bacteria associated with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography have been reported from the USA, France, Germany, and The Netherlands. In many endoscopy units in Asia and the Middle East, reprocessing procedures have lagged behind those of Western countries for cultural reasons or lack of financial resources. This inconsistency in standards is now being addressed, and the World Endoscopy Organization has prepared this position statement to highlight key points for quality assurance in any endoscopy unit in any country.
    Matched MeSH terms: Endoscopy, Digestive System/standards*
  4. Velopharyngeal and choanal stenosis after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma
    Hussein J, Tan TS, Chong AW, Narayanan P, Omar R
    Auris Nasus Larynx, 2013 Jun;40(3):323-6.
    PMID: 22652485 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2012.05.004
    Choanal stenosis is a well recognized late complication of radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. However velopharyngeal stenosis post radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma is rare. We present here a case of bilateral choanal stenosis and velopharyngeal stenosis in a patient treated with radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. A 58-year-old woman presented to our otolaryngology clinic with a one year history of nasal obstruction. She was diagnosed to have nasopharyngeal carcinoma 12 years ago for which she received radiotherapy. Clinical examination revealed bilateral choanal stenosis and velopharyngeal stenosis. Treatment of choanal stenosis and velopharyngeal stenosis is challenging due to high incidence of recurrence and patients frequently require multiple procedures. The patient underwent a transnasal endoscopic excision of velopharyngeal scar tissue and widening of posterior choana using Surgitron®, mitomycin-C applied topically to the surgical wound and bilateral stenting under general anesthesia. The stents were kept for two weeks, and 3 years post operation velopharyngeal aperture and posterior choana remained patent. As illustrated in this case velopharyngeal stenosis can occur after radiotheraphy and should not be overlooked. Combine modality of transnasal endoscopic excision of velopharyngeal scar tissue, widening of choanal stenosis with Surgitron® followed by the application of mitomycin-C and stenting has been shown to be an effective option.
    Study site: ENT clinic, University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Endoscopy
  5. Utility of narrow band imaging in the diagnosis of middle turbinate head edema
    Wong E, Hamizan AW, Alvarado R, Orgain CA, Kalish L, Sacks R, et al.
    Am J Otolaryngol, 2018 06 22;39(5):570-574.
    PMID: 29961655 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2018.06.019
    PURPOSE: Middle turbinate head edema has recently been found to have high specificity for diagnosis of inhalant allergy. However, subtle mucosal edema can be difficult to appreciate under white light endoscopy. Narrow band imaging (NBI) has the potential to demonstrate edema by identifying reduced mucosal vascularity and improve sensitivity for the detection of mucosal edema. Narrow band imaging was assessed to determine its utility in objectifying mucosal edema.

    MEATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional diagnostic study was performed on patients with edematous mucosa of the middle turbinate head. Under traditional white light endoscopy, areas of edematous mucosa were identified. Using NBI, these areas were compared to areas of normal mucosa on the middle turbinate head. NBI images of these same areas were then converted to grey scale and a vascularity index was created by pixel analysis and brightness in Fiji Image J software (Wisconsin, US).

    RESULTS: Thirty-three middle turbinates were assessed (age 42.4 ± 12.5, 42.4% female). NBI discriminated between areas identified under white light endoscopy as edematous and normal (158.2 ± 48.4 v 96.9 ± 32.7 p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Endoscopy*
  6. Fulltext Urethral catheter knotting: an avoidable complication
    Ismail Burud, Davaraj Balasingh, Hikmatullah Qureshi, Davendralingam Sinniah
    International e-Journal of Science, Medicine & Education, 2013;7(1):37-39.
    MyJurnal
    Urethral catheterisation is a common and safe procedure performed routinely. The small size of the urethra in a child necessitates the use of an infant feeding tube (Size 5 to 8 F) for catheterisation. Knotting within the bladder is a rare complication with significant morbidity often necessitating surgical or endoscopic removal. Insertion of an excessive length of tube contributes to coiling and knotting. We report an instance of knotting of an infant feeding tube in the proximal penile urethra of a 4 year-old male child requiring urethrotomy to remove it. Awareness of the risk and proper technique can reduce this complication.
    Matched MeSH terms: Endoscopy
  7. Fulltext Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy as an initial investigation in dyspepsia--a Malaysian experience
    Kudva MV, Thein-Htut
    Med J Malaysia, 1988 Dec;43(4):311-7.
    PMID: 3241596
    Matched MeSH terms: Endoscopy*
  8. Updates on diagnostic modalities for esophageal dysphagia
    Lazarescu A, Chan WW, Gyawali CP, Lee YY, Xiao Y, Wu P
    Ann N Y Acad Sci, 2020 12;1481(1):108-116.
    PMID: 32875574 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14453
    Esophageal dysphagia is a common symptom in adults. Fluoroscopic contrast studies, endoscopy, and esophageal manometry have been used in the diagnosis of esophageal dysphagia for many years. The diagnostic yield has been improved with new test protocols that highlight abnormal bolus transit in the esophagus and outflow obstruction, as well as new high-definition and high-resolution technical advances in equipment. Functional luminal impedance planimetry and the addition of impedance to high-resolution esophageal manometry have also allowed the assessment of new parameters to better understand esophageal structure and function. In this concise review, we describe the role and utility of various diagnostic modalities in the assessment of patients with esophageal dysphagia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Endoscopy
  9. Fulltext Unsteady stagnation-point flow and heat transfer of a special third grade fluid past a permeable stretching/shrinking sheet
    Naganthran K, Nazar R, Pop I
    Sci Rep, 2016;6:24632.
    PMID: 27091085 DOI: 10.1038/srep24632
    In this paper, the unsteady stagnation-point boundary layer flow and heat transfer of a special third grade fluid past a permeable stretching/shrinking sheet has been studied. Similarity transformation is used to transform the system of boundary layer equations which is in the form of partial differential equations into a system of ordinary differential equations. The system of similarity equations is then reduced to a system of first order differential equations and has been solved numerically by using the bvp4c function in Matlab. The numerical solutions for the skin friction coefficient and heat transfer coefficient as well as the velocity and temperature profiles are presented in the forms of tables and graphs. Dual solutions exist for both cases of stretching and shrinking sheet. Stability analysis is performed to determine which solution is stable and valid physically. Results from the stability analysis depict that the first solution (upper branch) is stable and physically realizable, while the second solution (lower branch) is unstable.
    Matched MeSH terms: Endoscopy
  10. Fulltext Unexplained abdominal pain as a driver for inappropriate therapeutics: an audit on the use of intravenous proton pump inhibitors
    Lai PS, Wong YY, Low YC, Lau HL, Chin KF, Mahadeva S
    PeerJ, 2014;2:e451.
    PMID: 25024919 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.451
    Background. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are currently the most effective agents for acid-related disorders. However, studies show that 25-75% of patients receiving intravenous PPIs had no appropriate justification, indicating high rates of inappropriate prescribing. Objective. To examine the appropriate use of intravenous PPIs in accordance with guidelines and the efficacy of a prescribing awareness intervention at an Asian teaching institution. Setting. Prospective audit in a tertiary hospital in Malaysia. Method. Every 4th intravenous PPI prescription received in the pharmacy was screened against hospital guidelines. Interventions for incorrect indication/dose/duration were performed. Patients' demographic data, medical history and the use of intravenous PPI were collected. Included were all adult inpatients prescribed intravenous PPI. Main Outcome Measure. Proportion of appropriate IV PPI prescriptions. Results. Data for 106 patients were collected. Most patients were male [65(61.3%)], Chinese [50(47.2%)], with mean age ± SD = 60.3 ± 18.0 years. Most intravenous PPI prescriptions were initiated by junior doctors from the surgical [47(44.3%)] and medical [42(39.6%)] departments. Only 50/106(47.2%) patients had upper gastrointestinal endoscopy/surgery performed to verify the source of bleeding. Unexplained abdominal pain [81(76.4%)] was the main driver for prescribing intravenous PPIs empirically, out of which 73(68.9%) were for suspected upper gastrointestinal bleed. Overall, intravenous PPI was found to be inappropriately prescribed in 56(52.8%) patients for indication, dose or duration. Interventions on the use of intravenous PPI were most effective when performed by senior doctors (100%), followed by clinical pharmacists (50%), and inpatient pharmacists (37.5%, p = 0.027). Conclusion. Inappropriate intravenous PPI usage is still prevalent despite the enforcement of hospital guidelines. The promotion of prescribing awareness and evidence-based prescribing through education of medical staff could result in more judicious use of intravenous PPI and dose-optimization.
    Matched MeSH terms: Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal
  11. Fulltext Transoral endoscopic adenoidectomy: initial experience
    Jong YH, Gendeh BS
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Mar;63(1):81-3.
    PMID: 18935747 MyJurnal
    Adenoidectomy is a common ENT procedure performed in hospitals in Malaysia. Adenoidectomy is indicated in patients with recurrent adenoiditis, nasal obstruction or sleep apnoea secondary to adenoid hypertrophy when conservative management has failed. Over the years, there are advances in the techniques of adenoidectomy, from the conventional transoral to endoscopic transnasal/transoral adenoidectomy. The purpose of this article is to describe the technique and emphasize the advantages of this procedure to that of the conventional technique.
    Matched MeSH terms: Endoscopy/methods
  12. Fulltext Transnasal endoscopic repair for bilateral choanal atresia
    Abdullah B, Hassan S, Salim R
    Malays J Med Sci, 2006 Jul;13(2):61-3.
    PMID: 22589606
    Choana atresia is a congenital abnormality of the posterior nasal apertures affecting the newborn. The aetiology is considered to be a persistence of the embroyological bucconasal membrane which separates the nasal cavity from the stomatodeum until it breaks down at seventh week, allowing communication through the primitive posterior nares. Bilateral choanal atresia almost always present as a respiratory emergency because newborn babies are obligate nasal breathers. The definitive surgical treatment is repair under general anaesthesia. We report our experience in doing a new technique of transnasal endoscopic repair.
    Matched MeSH terms: Endoscopy
  13. Transnasal endoscopic placement of nasoenteric feeding tubes: outcomes and limitations in non-critically ill patients
    Mahadeva S, Malik A, Hilmi I, Qua CS, Wong CH, Goh KL
    Nutr Clin Pract, 2008 Apr-May;23(2):176-81.
    PMID: 18390786 DOI: 10.1177/0884533608314535
    Transnasal endoscopic placement of nasoenteric tubes (NETs) has been demonstrated to be useful in the critical care setting, with limited data on its role in non-critically ill patients. The authors collected data on consecutive patients from a non-critical care setting undergoing transnasal endoscopic NET placement. All NETs were endoscopically placed using a standard over-the-guidewire technique, and positions were confirmed with fluoroscopy. Patients were monitored until the removal of NETs or death. Twenty-two patients (median age = 62.5 years, 36.4% female) were referred for postpyloric feeding, with main indications of persistent gastrocutaneous fistula (n = 6), gastroparesis or gastric outlet obstruction (n = 5), duodenal stenosis (n = 6), acute pancreatitis (n = 4), and gastroesophageal reflux after surgery (n = 1). Postpyloric placement of NET was achieved in 19 of 22 (86.3%) patients, with 36.8% tube positions in the jejunum, 47.4% in the distal duodenum, and 15.8% in the second part of the duodenum. NET placement was least successful in cases with duodenal stenosis. NETs remained in situ for a median of 24 days (range, 2-94), with tube dislodgement (n = 3) and clogging (n = 5) as the main complications. NET feeding resulted in complete healing of gastrocutaneous fistulae in 5 of 6 patients and provision of total enteral nutrition in 3 of 4 cases of acute pancreatitis and 9 of 11 cases of gastroparesis or proximal duodenal obstruction. Transnasal endoscopy has a role in the placement of NET in non-critically ill patients requiring postpyloric feeding. However, there are some limitations, particularly in cases with altered duodenal anatomy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Endoscopy, Digestive System/methods*
  14. Fulltext Transnasal endoscopic medial maxillectomy: Changing trend in the management of sinonasal inverted papilloma – report of two Case
    Zamzil Amin Ashaari, Shamim Ahmed Khan
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2007;6(1):1-7.
    MyJurnal
    The current advents of endoscopic techniques have enabled rhinologists to treat inverted papilloma of the nose with a more favourable surgical morbidity. However the supposed changing trend in surgical management of sinonasal inverted papilloma from external approach to endoscopic technique has to come with caution as certain guidelines must be made to ensure its effectiveness. Since the introduction of purely transnasal endoscopic medial maxillectomy in 1981, many authors have published their experiences in this field. This article reviews some of the literatures regarding the management aspect of inverted papilloma particularly focusing on the endoscopic medial maxillectomy and relate with our own experience in management of this tumour endoscopically.
    Matched MeSH terms: Endoscopy
  15. Transnasal Endoscopy Removal of Dislodged Dental Implant: A Case Report
    Lim D, Parumo R, Chai MB, Shanmuganathan J
    J Oral Implantol, 2017 Jun;43(3):228-231.
    PMID: 27996585 DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-D-16-00172
    Displacement of dental implants into the maxillary sinus is a rare complication. This article presents a case of displaced dental implant into maxillary sinus. Retrieval of the dental implant from left maxillary sinus was performed via endoscopic sinus surgery. This case highlighted a delayed referral of a 53-year-old male by a general dental practitioner for management of a dislodged dental implant into the left maxillary antrum. The implant was dislodged during placement of a healing abutment 4 months after implant insertion to replace missing 25. Cone beam computerized tomography revealed the displaced implant was located at the ostium of the left nose. A sudden change in sinonasal pressure when the patient took a deep breath during the procedure may have created a negative pressure and suction effect causing the implant to be dislodged and embedded at the ostium. In view of its position, a referral to an otorhinolaryngologist was made for endoscopic removal of the displaced implant. This case also highlighted the need for inter disciplinary cooperation in the management of such a complication for the best interest of the patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Endoscopy/methods*
  16. Fulltext Transient unilateral parotid gland swelling following upper endoscopy
    Chieng Jin Yu, Then Ru Fah, Sharifah Intan Safura Shahabudin, Pan Yan
    Journal of Clinical and Health Sciences, 2021;6(1):50-52.
    MyJurnal
    Transient parotid gland swelling could happen as complication after per oral endoscopy or
    intubation. We reported a 53-year-old man who developed transient unilateral parotid gland
    swelling following esophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGDS) with dilatation of achalasia cardia.
    The swelling of the parotid gland was transient and resolved completely without any
    intervention.
    Matched MeSH terms: Endoscopy, Digestive System
  17. Transcanal endoscopic excision of glomus tympanicum: A case report
    Teh CS, Azrina A, Fadzilah I, Prepageran N
    Med J Malaysia, 2020 03;75(2):189-190.
    PMID: 32281609
    Glomus tympanicum is a highly vascular tumour traditionally treated surgically via a post-auricular approach. We present here the first published case in Malaysia where total excision was achieved transcanal endoscopically. The procedure was safe, quick and effective due to the better visualisation of the surgical field with the endoscope. Haemostasis was achieved with a modified suction catheter that performed as a functioning suction diathermy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Endoscopy
  18. Transarterial angioembolization versus surgery after failed endoscopic therapy for non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding
    Jailani RF, Kosai NR, Yaacob NY, Jarmin R, Sutton P, Harunarrashid H, et al.
    Clin Ter, 2014;165(6):294-8.
    PMID: 25524184 DOI: 10.7417/CT.2014.1771
    BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To compare the outcome of transarterial angioembolization (TAE) and surgery with endoscopically unmanageable non-variceal hemorrhage of the upper gastrointestinal tract.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: A case note review of all patients treated for non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding from January 2006 till January 2012 was performed.

    RESULTS: Fifty-four of 667 patients with non-variceal bleeding did not respond to endoscopic treatment. Nine of the 54 patients had incomplete data, leaving 45 patients in the study; 24 had angiography and another 21 had surgery. The two groups were broadly similar in terms of relevant clinical variables. Nineteen of 24 having angiography had embolisation. Re-bleeding recurred in 8 patients (33%) in the TAE group and 6 patients (28.6%) in the surgery group (p = 0.28). There was no statistically significant difference in post procedural complications (81% vs 62.5%, p = 0.17), 30-day mortality (33% vs 29.1%, p = 0.17 ) units of blood transfused (12.24 vs 8.92, p = 0.177) and mean hospital stay (30.7 vs 22.9 days, p = 0.281) observed in patients undergoing surgery as compared to TAE.

    CONCLUSIONS: TAE and surgery have similar outcomes in patients with endoscopically unmanageable non-variceal upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage.
    Matched MeSH terms: Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal/adverse effects*
  19. Tracheostomy decannulation readiness: A cross sectional study comparing standardised evaluation for tacheostomy decannulation to flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing examination
    Tamin S, Shabrina F, Hutauruk SM, Rachmawati EZK, Fardizza F, Koento T, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2024 Mar;79(2):119-123.
    PMID: 38553913
    INTRODUCTION: Tracheostomy is a procedure commonly performed in neurocritical and mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit. Dysphagia and impaired airway protection are the main causes for a delay in tracheostomy decannulation in patients with neurological disorders. Endoscopic evaluation is an objective examination of readiness for tracheostomy decannulation with flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) as the most commonly used method, yet it requires special expertise and is heavily dependent on its operator in assessing the parameters. A relatively new method for assessing decannulation readiness in neurologic disorder, the Standardized Endoscopic Swallowing Evaluation for Tracheostomy Decannulation (SESETD) was introduced in 2013 by Warnecke, et al. This method includes stepwise evaluation of secretion management, spontaneous swallowing and laryngeal sensitivity. This study aims to find conformity between the SESETD and FEES in assessing readiness for tracheostomy decannulation in patients with neurologic disorders.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study is a cross-sectional study conducted on 36 neurologic patients at Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital which was aimed to find the agreement between two modalities for tracheostomy decannulation readiness, FEES and SESETD based on parameters, standing secretion, spontaneous swallowing and laryngeal sensitivity.

    RESULT: A total of 36 subjects were examined and 22 of them underwent successful tracheostomy decannulation. The agreement between FEES and SESETD showed significant results with p-value <0.0001 and Kappa value = 0.47.

    CONCLUSION: There was conformity between FEES and SESETD in evaluating tracheostomy decannulation readiness based on three parameters: standing secretion, spontaneous swallowing and laryngeal sensitivity.

    Matched MeSH terms: Endoscopy
  20. The yield of flexible airway endoscopy in infants and children with severe airway problems under a physician-surgeon combined-care setting: our experience from 121 procedures
    Asha'ari ZA, Abdullah F, Yusof S, Yusof RA
    Clin Otolaryngol, 2015 Feb;40(1):52-6.
    PMID: 25311812 DOI: 10.1111/coa.12328
    Matched MeSH terms: Endoscopy*; Endoscopes*
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